英语中的词类.doc

英语中的词类英语中的词类英语的词类通常可以分为十大类：1名词n.teacher,book。表示人或事物的名称在句中可作主语，表语，补语，定语，同位语。2代词pron.We,me,he等。代替名词或数词。在句中可作主，表，宾，定，同。3数词num.two,fifth等。表示数目或顺序在句中可做主，表，宾，定，同。4动词v.work,study,live等。表示动作或状态在句中可做谓语。5形容词adj.good,big,beautiful等。表示人或事物的性质或状态，可做表，补，定，同。6副词adv.fast,quickly表示动作特征或形状特征可做表，状。7冠词art.a,an,the表示名词的泛指或特指8介词prep.In,on,by,with 9连词conj.And,if,but连接词，短语，句子10感叹词interj.Oh,ah表示说话者的感情或口气句子成分在句中起不同语法作用的部分叫句子成分。1主语表示句子描述的是谁或什么，是谓语的陈述对象。通常由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。The sun rises in the east.I am ateacher.Getting up early is agood habit.2谓语说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语担任。We study English.He lives in Shanghai.3表语说明主语的性质或特征，由名词，形容词，副词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。We are students.She is beautiful.He is hard working.4宾语表示及物动词或短语的对象或内容，由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。I love you.I teach English.He bought abook.宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语I give you lessons.5定语修饰或限定名词或代词的，由形容词，代词，不定式，动名词，或从句担任。This is ahard job.She is abeautiful girl.6补语补充说明主语或宾语的，由形容词，名词，代词担任。We made him monitor.7状语修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的。通常由副词，不定式，分词或从句担任。He runs fast.She is very beautiful.8同位语对前面的名词，代词做进一步的解释，由名词，形容词担任。This is Mr.zhou,our headmaster.9插入语对一句话做一些附加性的解释。To be honest,I dont agree with you.分析斜体所做句子成分，1 Iam your English teacher,I teach you English.2 Both he and she are my good friends.We help each other.3 Father has just bought me anew book.4 He runs very fast.5 We love our hometown.6 My 8-year-old daughter is aprimary student.7 What do you like most?8 He writes beautifully.简单句的基本句型英语简单句主要用3种动词系动词，及物动词，不及物动词。5种基本句型。1主语系动词表语She is ateacher.You are beautiful.He looks happy today.2主语不及物动词Tom died.The son is rising.The price has gone down.3主语及物动词宾语We learn English.He bought abook.4主语及物动词间宾直宾I gave him some money.He bought me abook.5主语及物动词宾语宾补We think it easy.We made him monitor.英语的时态是通过动词的形式上的变化来体现的：1一般现在时a表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。b表示客观事实或普遍真理c用于主句是将来是，在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中。其构成如下：A谓语动词如果是系动词be.I am ateacher.He/She/It/Tom is astudent.You/They/We are students.注意，主语是第一人称单数，用am，主语是第三人称单数，用is，主语是复数，用are.B谓语动词如果是实义动词/行为动词；We/They/You/I study English.He/She/He/It studies English.注意，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，其他人称谓语动词用动词原形。需要注意其形式变化。翻译以下各句：1太阳从东方生起。_ 2如果明天不下雨，我们就出去。_-3他们住在上海。_ 4他早上6点起床。_ 5她喜欢弹钢琴。_ 6我们是中国人。_ 2一般过去时表示过去某个时间的动作或状态。谓语动词需用其过去时形式。I/He/She/It was astudent ayear ago.We/they/You were once students.I/He/She/We/you/they studied English when at school.注意，一般过去时常常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。3一般将来时表示将来某一时间所要发生的动作或存在的状态。常常和表示将来时间的时间状语连用。其构成如下a will/shall v.b be going to do cbe about to do dbe to do ebe doing 4现在进行时表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。由be doing构成,be有人称和数的变化。I am learning English.He/She/Tom is studying English.They/We/You are studying English.5过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行或发生的动作。由be doing构成be为was，were。He was writing aletter yesterday evening.He was singing asong when Isaw him.注意一般过去时与过去进行时的区别。He wrote aletter yesterday.He was writing aletter yesterday.6现在完成时a表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。I have seen the film.b表示某个动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去。He has lived here since he got married.通常由since,for,recently,so far,up to now,till now-引导。7现在完成进行时其构成是have/has been doing表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。He has been teaching us for 3months.8过去完成时其构成是had done表示某个动作或状态在过去某个时间以前或动作之前已经发生或完成。其时间概念是过去的过去。By the time he went to the cinema,the film had already began.She had been ill for aweek before she came back.翻译下列句子，注意一般过去时与现