俄罗斯全面中英文介绍.ppt

Russianfood 鱼子酱 有时是黑鱼子酱 是一种奢侈美味 包括加工过 腌制过 未经杀菌的鱼子 鱼子受精的组成可以是 新鲜 非巴氏杀菌 或巴氏杀菌 后者的美食和经济价值要少得多 Caviar sometimesblackcaviar isaluxurydelicacy consistingofprocessed salted non fertilizedsturgeonroe Theroecanbe fresh non pasteurized orpasteurized thelatterhavingmuchlessgastronomicandeconomicvalue Borscht whichissometimesalsospelledborschandborshch isalovelyvegetablesoupthatisalmostalwaysmadewithbeets 罗宋汤 borscht 有时也拼作borsch和borshch 是一种美味的蔬菜汤 大多数情况下是用甜菜煮成 Insomecountriestomatomayoccurasthemainingredient whilebeetrootactsasasecondaryingredient 此外 马铃薯也可能是罗宋汤的主料 而甜菜根则是第二主料 Borschtcanbespicedupwithroastedapplesandsmokedgoosebreast 罗宋汤可以用烘烤过的苹果和熏鹅脯来提味 Russia s俄罗斯的 社交礼仪 Socialmanners 达瓦里希 Hi 1 SayHello 1 Russiansareveryparticularaboutthecall butifyoujusttodealwiththem Youdon thavetoworryaboutthisverymuch 2 Inthestreets shops youcancalleachother you 威 or comrade 达瓦里西 3 Iffurtherconversation youcanaccordingtotheothersexandage arecalled Sir 嘎斯巴季尼 Miss 捷乌什嘎 Ms 达姆 Friends 得路克 youngman 马拉多依 俄罗斯人对称呼相当讲究称呼 不过如果你和他们只是一般打打交道 就不用清楚所有的章法了 在大街 商店 你可称对方 您 威 或 同志 达瓦里希 如果进一步交谈 你可以按对方性别年龄 分别称 先生 嘎斯巴季尼 小姐 捷乌什嘎 女士 达姆 朋友 得路克 小伙子 马拉多依 2 GreetingEtiquette Russian smeetingetiquetteisshakinghands ingeneral theyhaven tseeneachotherforalongtime theywillkissingandhuggingeachother moreover manwillkisslady shands 俄罗斯人一般的见面礼是握手 久别的亲朋好友常用亲吻拥抱礼 男士一般吻女士的手背 4 ClothingEtiquette InRussianfolk marriedwomenmustwearheadscarves unmarriedgirlsarenotwearingheadscarves butoftenwearahat 在俄罗斯民间 已婚妇女必须戴头巾 未婚姑娘则不戴头巾 但常戴帽子 3 GuestEtiquette Intheformalcircumstance Russiansusingthe breadofsalt togreetguestsandshowthehighestrespectandwarmestwelcome 在隆重的场合 俄罗斯人用 面包加盐 的方式迎接贵宾表示最高的敬意和最热烈的欢迎 TheurbanenvironmentofRussia Russiahasninetimezones 时区 astheworld slargest Russia smurderrateistwiceasmuchasintheUnitedStates Russia sLakeBaikal 贝加尔湖 hastwentypercentoftheworld sfreshwater 俄罗斯RUSSIAPOLITICAL 国旗及国徽 苏联解体之后 俄罗斯进行了复杂而深刻的变革 确立了以总统为国家元首 内阁对议会负责 三权分立 地方自治的政治制度 形成了总统共和制的民主联邦国家 1993年12月12日经全民投票通过 同年12月25日正式生效 该宪法是俄罗斯独立后的第一部宪法 规定俄罗斯是共和制的民主联邦法制国家 确立了总统制的国家领导体制 这样的制度移植在与本土政治 经济和文化传统碰撞 融合过程中又不可避免地产生出自己的特点 如超级总统制 有限的联邦制 政权党 等 AfterSovietUniondisintegrates Russiahascarriedoncomplexandtheprofoundtransformation establishedtakepresidentastheheadofstate thecabinethasbeenresponsiblefor theseparationofpowers thelocalself governmentpoliticssystemfortheparliament hasformedpresidenttherepublicansystemdemocraticfederationcountry OnDecember12 1993votedJapaneconomy stock allthepeoplepasses onDecember25officiallybecameeffectiveinthesameyear AfterthisconstitutionistheRussianindependencefirstconstitution stipulatedRussiaistherepublicansystemdemocraticfederationstatewithanadequatelegalsystem hasestablishedthepresidentialsystemnationalleadershipsystem Suchsystemtransplantinwiththenativeplacepolitics theeconomicalandintheculturaltraditioncollision thefusionprocesstheinevitablerealestategivesbirthowncharacteristic likesuperpresidentialsystem limitedfederalsystem politicalpowerparty andsoon RussianCulture 战斗民族的文化 Literature 文学 LeoTolstoy 列夫托尔斯泰 isoneofRussia sgreatnovelists Oneofhismostfamousnovels WarandPeace 战争与和平 1869 showeddeepconcernformoralissuesandforthewelfareoftheRussianpeople Religion 信仰 Byfar themostcommomreligioninRussiaisOrthodoxChristianity 东正教 ThisistheEasternbranchofChristianitythatspreadtoRussiainthe900 sandbecamethestatereligion Customs 习俗 Russiausefulbread 面包 andsalt 盐 tomeetthehonoredguesthabit Withbradandsaltrespectionguests becausesaltinhistoryisveryexpensive hasfollowedsofar saytothehonoredguestfriendlyandrespect RUSSIANMILITARY 俄罗斯军事 Afteryearsofreform severallarge scaleRussianmilitarydisarmament theRussianarmedforceshasbeenchangingthestrengthofthecase throughthepublicmediamaterialsstatistics thelatestRussianmilitarystrengthis personnelstrengthofapproximately1 132 000soldiers 867 000civilianpersonnel Russianarmedforcessystemconsistsofthreemilitaryservices Army AirForce Navy 3arms strategicrockettroops aerospacedefense airborne composedofthefollowing accordingtotheorderofthebranchesofthemilitary thelatestRussianmilitarystrengthtobebrief RussianArmyGeneral 俄陆军概况 ArmyheadquartersinMoscow thecurrentcommanderNikolaiZaitsevColeMiligeneral thetotalnumberofabout32 2millionpeople armsofthearmyisformedwithmotorizedinfantry tankcrews artilleryandrockettroops armedforces airdefense specialforcesconstitutingacar reconnaissance communications radio electronicwarfareunits NBCprotectionforces threeanti military securityforceslogistics technicalsupportforces RussianFederationArmedForcesArmyMilitaryOrganizationexistingsix ninecorps anarmy strengthentheregion militaryinstitutions enterprises organizationsdirectlyunderthecentralforces RussianAirForceGeneral 俄空军概况 AirForceheadquartersintheoutskirtsofMoscow Rays town thecurrentcommanderVladimirMikhailovgeneral about18millionpeople mainlycomposedasfollows AirForceStrategicCommandandAirDefenseBattleMoscowregion eightbattlecorps Army about20tacticalcorps divisionandcorps AirForcedeploymentinthewholeterritoryofRussia about6000varioustypesofactivefighters transportaircraftandhelico