Jane_Austen 简·奥斯汀 PPT 文学史.ppt

JaneAusten Anovelistwritingforwomenandherlove 制作人 杨雅菲王曼妮李师同 Introductions JaneAusten December16 1775 July18 1817 Englishnovelist ShewasborninaruraltownnamedSteveBurton Therearesixbrothersandonesisterinherfamily Austindidnotgotoregularschool butgainedgoodfamilyeducation Themainlearningmaterialisherfather sliterarybooks Mainworks 1811SenseandSensibility1813PrideandPrejudice Firstexpression 1814MansfieldPark1815Emma1818NorthangerAbbey1818Persuasion ThelatestsurveyinEnglandshowsthattheidealmanmakingappointmentswithinEnglishwomen seyesisMr Darcy acharacterinthe1800snovelPrideandPrejudice Evencool007Mr Bondhastobeinthesecondplace thesupermanisinthethirdplace SomethingaboutthetitleJaneAustenbeganhersecondnovel PrideandPrejudice beforeshewastwenty one ItwasoriginallytitledFirstImpressionbecausetheappearancesofthecharacterscreatedtheplotofthenovel However becausethenovelisalsoconcernedwiththeeffectsofthecharacter sfirstimpressions thatistheirprejudice JanefoundthetitlePrideandPrejudicemoreappropriate FirstImpression originaltitle Themes 1 PrideandPrejudice2 LoveAndMarriageMainChracters BingleyMr Mrs Bennet Singlewomenhaveadreadfulpropensity tendency forbeingpoor whichisoneverystrongargumentinfavourofmatrimony marriage JaneAusten letterofMarch13 1816 1 Mainconcernisaboutpersonalrelationships particularlywiththatbetweenmenandwomeninlove 2 Writeswithinanarrowsphere concernsthelandedgentryfamilieswiththetrivialincidentsoftheireverydaylife 3 Realistic Withkeenobservationandpenetratinganalysis 4 Extravagantuseofdialogues 5 Typicallyneoclassicallanguage simple easy naturallylucidandveryeconomical satire s ta r 讽刺mercenary m s n ri 只为金钱的obsess bses 唠叨 挂牵 念念不忘intellectual nt lekt u l 智力的 脑力的 理智的subtle s tl 不易察觉的 不明显的 微妙的perceptiveness p septivnis 感知力 觉察力convey表达 传递 思想 感情等 courtship求爱期 求爱 追求complementary k mpl mentri互补的 补充的 相互补足的reconcile使和解 使和好如初 使和谐一致 调和flaw错误 缺点品格上的 弱点 缺点gullible l bl轻信的 易受骗的 complying遵从 服从 顺从vivacity vi v siti 活泼 快活 有生气hasty he sti 匆忙的 仓促而就的 草率的spouse配偶 PrideandPrejudice similartootherJaneAusten snovels iswritteningentleorHoraciansatire ThemainobjectofJane ssatireinthenovelisthemercenaryandtheignoranceofthepeople acommoncriticismofthe18thcentury CharactersinthenovelwhichbestcarriesthesequalitiesareMrs Bennet afoolishwomanwhotalkstoomuchandisobsesswithgettingherdaughtersmarried LydiaBennet theyoungestoftheBennetdaughterwhoisdevotedtoalifeofdancing fashions gossipsandflirting andMr WilliamsCollins thesillyandconceitedbaboonwhoiscompletelystupifybyLadyCatherineineveryaspectofhislifethathehasforgottenhisownmoralsandduty Thetoneofthenovelislight satirical andvivid ScenessuchasMr CollinsproposaltoElizabeth andLadyCatherinevisitstoLizzyatLongbourn providescomicrelieftothereaderwhileatthesametimerevealingcertaincharacteristicsofthecharacters Forexample Lydia slackofcommonsenseandresponsibilityisrevealedwhenshetakesprideinbeingthefirstBennetgirltobemarried Lydiadoesnottakeintoconsiderationthecircumstanceofhermarriage thepersonalityofherhusband ortheprospectsoftheirmarriageforthefuture ElizabethBennet sabilitytolaughoffhermisfortunateandtocontinuetobeoptimistic consideringhersituation alsocontributestothetoneofthenovel ThepointofviewinPrideandPrejudiceislimitedomniscient thestoryistoldthroughElizabeth butnotinfirstperson Asaresult themoodofthenovellacksdramaticemotions Theatmosphereisintellectualandcold thereislittledescriptionsofthesetting Themainactionsofthenovelaretheinteractionsbetweenopinions ideas andattitudes whichweavesandadvancestheplotofthenovel Theemotionsinthenovelaretobeperceivedbeneaththesurfaceofthestoryandarenottobeexpressedtothereadersdirectly Jane spowersofsubtlediscriminationandshrewdperceptivenessisrevealedinPrideandPrejudice sheisabletoconveysuchacomplexmessageusingasimple yetwitty style Thebeginning ITisatruthuniversallyacknowledged thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife Themainsubjectinthenovelisstatedinthefirstsentenceofthenovel Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune mustbeinwantofawife Inthisstatement Janehascleverlydonethreethings shehasdeclaredthatthemainsubjectofthenovelwillbecourtshipandmarriage shehasestablishedthehumoroustoneofthenovelbytakingasimplesubjecttoelaborateandtospeakintelligentlyof andshehaspreparedthereaderforachaseinthenovelofeitherahusbandinsearchofawife orawomeninpursuitofahusband ThefirstlinealsodefinesJane sbookasapieceofliteraturethatconnectsitselftothe18thcenturyperiod PrideandPrejudiceis18thcenturybecauseoftheemphasisonmaninhissocialenvironmentratherthaninhisindividualconditions Theuseofsatireandwit acommonformof18thcenturyliterature alsocontributestolabelthebookas18thcentury However becauseJaneAustenhadallowedpersonalfeelingsofthecharacterstobeexpressedinherwork shecanalsobeclassifiedasRomantic InthefigureofElizabeth JaneAustenshowspassionattemptingtofindavalidmodeofexistenceinsociety Passionandreasonsalsocomestogetherinthenoveltoshowthattheyarecomplementaryofmarriage Therearesevendifferentmarriagespresentedinthenovel ExcludingtheGardinerandtheLucas theremainingfivemarriagescontrastseachothertorevealJane sopinionsandthoughtsonthesubjectofmarriage 1 ThemarriagebetweenDarcyandElizabethrevealsthecharacteristicswhichconstitutesasuccessfulmarriage Oneofthesecharacteristicsisthatthefeelingcannotbebroughtonbyappearances andmustgraduallydevelopbetweenthetwopeopleastheygettoknowoneanother Inthebeginning ElizabethandDarcyweredistantfromeachotherbecauseoftheirprejudice Theseriesofeventswhichtheybothexperiencedgavethemtheopportunitytounderstandoneanotherandthetimetoreconciletheirfeelingsforeachother Thus theirmutualunderstandingisthefoundationoftheirrelationshipandwillleadthemtoapeacefulandlastingmarriage ThisrelationshipbetweenElizabethandDarcyrevealstheimportanceofgettingtoknowone spartnerbeforemarrying 2 ThemarriagebetweenJaneBennetandBingleyisalsoanexampleofsuccessfulmarriage JaneAusten throughElizabeth expressesheropinionofthisinthenovel reallybelievedallhis Bingley expectationsoffelicity toberationallyfounded becausetheyhadforbasistheexcellentunderstanding andsuper excellentdispositionofJane andageneralsimilarityoffeelingandtastebetweenherandhimself Chapter55 However unlikeDarcyandElizabeth thereisaflawintheirrelationship Theflawisthatbothcharactersaretoogullibleandtoogood heartedtoeveractstronglyagainstexternalforcesthatmayattempttoseparatethem You JaneandBingley areeachofyousocomplying thatnothingwilleverberesolvedon soeasy thateveryservantwillcheatyou andsogenerous thatyouwillalwaysexceedyourincome Chapter55 3 Obviously LydiaandWickham smarriageisanexampleofanbadmarriage Theirmarriagewasbasedonappearances goodlooks andyouthfulvivacity Oncethesequalitiescannolongerbeseenbyeachother theoncestrongrelationshipwillslowlyfadeaway Asinthenovel LydiaandWickham smarriagegraduallydisintegrates Lydiabecomesaregularvisitorathertwoeldersister shomeswhen herhusbandwasgonetoenjoyhimselfinLondonorBath Throughtheirrelationship JaneAustenshowsthathastymarriagebasedonsuperficialqualitiesquicklycoolsandleadstounhappiness 4 AlthoughlittleistoldofhowMr BennetandMrs Bennetgottogether itcanbeinferredbytheirconversionsthattheirrelationshipwassimilartothatofLydiaandWickham Mr Bennethadmarriedawomanhefoundsexuallyattractivewithoutrealizingshewasanunintelligentwoman Mrs Bennet sfavoritismtowardsLydiaandhercommentsonhowshewasonceasenergeticasLydiarevealsthissimilarity Mr Bennet scommentonWickhambeinghisfavoriteson in lawreinforcesthisparallelism TheeffectoftherelationshipswasthatMr Bennetwouldisolatehimselffromhisfamily hefoundrefugeeinhislibraryorinmockinghiswife Mr Bennet sself realizationattheendofthenovelinwhichhediscoversthathislackofattentiontowardshisfamilyhadleadhisfamilytodevelopthewaytheyare wastoolatetosavehisfamily HeisJaneAusten sexampleofaweakfather Inthesetwolatterrelationships Austenshowsthatitisnecessarytousegoodjudgementtoselectaspouse otherwisethetwopeoplewillloserespectforeachother 5 Thelastexampleofamarriageisaofadifferentnaturethantheonesmentionedabove ThemarriagebetweenMr CollinsandCharlotteisbasedoneconomicsratherthanonloveorappearance ItwasacommonpracticeduringAusten stimeforwomentomarryahusbandtosaveherselffromspinsterhoodortogainfinancialsecurity However JaneAustenviewedthisasatypeofprostitution 卖淫 为娼 anddisapprovedofit InPrideandPrejudice JaneAustendramatizesthisformofwomeninequalityandshowthatwomenwhosubmitsthemselvestothistypeofmarriagewillhavetosufferintormentingsilenceasCharlottedoes Conclusion Thesefivemarriagescontributestothethemethatahappyandstrongmarriagetakestimetobuildandmustbebasedonmutualfeeling understanding andrespect Hastymarriagesactingonimpulse andbasedonsuperficialqualitieswillnotsurviveandwillleadtoinevitableunhappiness InPrideandPrejudice Janehasdenounced 谴责 指责 斥责 theelementsofmarriageandsocietythatshefounddistasteful 使人不愉快的 令人反感的 讨厌 Thesearetheconclusionsofherobservationofthepeopleinherworld Howeverinherwriting Janehasalsoreflectedherownenjoymentinlifeamongthesepeoplewithandwithouttheirfaults Thoughthestory ssettingisuniquelyturnofthe19thcentury itretainsafascinationformodernreaders continuingnearthetopoflistsof mostlovedbooks andstillreceivesconsiderableattentionfromliterarycritics ThismoderninteresthasresultedinanumberofdramaticadaptationsandaplethoraofnovelsandstoriesimitatingAusten smemorablecharactersorthemes Todate thebookhassoldsome20millioncopiesworldwide SenseandSensibility Loseyourheartandcometoyoursenses BriefPlot Thestoryconcernstwosisters ElinorandMarianneDashwood Elinorrepresenting sense andMarianne sensibility AlongwiththeirmotherandyoungersisterMargaret theyareleftimpoverishedafterthedeathoftheirfather andthefamilyisforcedtomovetoacountrycottage offeredtothembyagenerousrelative ElinorformsanattachmenttothegentleandcourteousEdwardFerrars unawarethatheisalreadysecretlyengaged Aftertheirmove MariannemeetsWilloughby adashingyoungmanwholeadsherintoundisciplinedbehavior sothatsheignorestheattentionsofthefaithful butolder ColonelBrandon Thecontrastbetweenthesisters charactersiseventuallyresolvedasbothfindloveandlastinghappiness JaneandElinor SenseandSensibility sElinorDashwoodmirrorsJaneAusten sstrait lacedsenseofproprietyandherconcernandcareaboutfamilymembers Janewas practicalandsensible andshedidwhatshethoughtbest Forexample afterherfatherdied Janemanagedtogatherherselftogetherandsendherfather spocketcompassandpairofscissorstoherbrotherFrankasamementooftheirfather Theirrolesintheirfamilies ElinorinSenseandSensibilityisthesisterwhoholdsdownthefamilyanddiscussesthepracticalityofsituations Shetoodistributescherishedmementosofherfatherwhenhedies Elinoristhesisterwhoisconcernedwiththewelfareofherrelationsandtakesituponherselftolookaftertheirwell being FeelingafflictedwhenhersisterMarianneishurtbyWilloughby shetriesherbesttocomforthersister resolvethesituation andfindoutthefactsofwhathappened Janecanalsobeconsideredthebackboneofherfamily Aftershedies thefamilyisnotascloseastheywereduringherlifetime Janebecameveryclosewithtwoofhernieces FannyAustenandAnnaAusten Shecounseledthemonmenandmarriagewhentheyreachedtheageofchoosingasuitor Sheoftenhelpedwithdeliveringhersister in law sbabies Duringherthirties shelivedwithherbrotherFrankforseveralweeks Shecookedthemealsforhisfamilyandcaredforhischildrenwhilehiswifewasconfinedtoherbed Afterseveralweeksofsuchalife shefeltsheneededabreakandsolitude butshecontinuedtohelpherbrotherandhisfamilyuntilherserviceswerenolongerneeded LikethecharactershecreatesinElinor shesticksbyherfamilyandhelpsthemwhentheyneedher JaneandMarianne MarianneDashwood Elinor syoungersister representsthetypeofgirlJanewantedtobe Marianneislightandairywithaflightypersonality Heremotionsdictateheractions Jane sniecesrememberherasbeing youthful playful andinventive beforesheprematurelyturnedintomiddle age OnlyonceinherlifedidJanebehavesimilarlytoMarianne anditwasaneveningshereliveduntilherdeath Whenshewastwenty JaneattendedaballgivenbytheLefroysatManydownHouse ThereshemetTomLefroy ahandsomeyoungIrishmanwhohadcometostaywithhisauntanduncle Janedancedandflirtedwithhimtheentireevening morethanwasproperforayounglady Inwritingtohersisterthenightaftertheball Janewritesunabashedlyforhersistertoimagine everythingmostprofligateandshockinginthewayofdancingandsittingdowntogether ThroughoutheryearsofspinsterhoodshelookedbackontheeveningwhensheactedlikeMarianne controlledsolelybyheremotions Shedidnotletthedictatesofsocietycontrolherthatevening Mrs DashwoodandherdaughtersElinor Marianne andMargaret areimpoverishedafterthedeathofherhusband Hisestate Norland mustpasstoJohnDashwood hissonfromhisfirstmarriage AlthoughJohnpromisedhisfatherthathewouldtakecareofthem hisselfishwifeFannyeasilydissuadeshimfromgivingthemtheirfairshareoftheinheritance ElinorbecomesattachedtoFanny sbrotherEdwardFerrars Edwardisaquiet unassumingyoungmanwhodoesnotaspiretobethe finefigureintheworld hismotherandsisterwishhimtobe Elinoradmireshisintelligenceandgoodsense Edward sfortuneisdependentonthewillofhismother Elinorknowsthatshewouldnotlikehersontomarryawomanofaslowarankassheisanddoesnotallowherselftohopeformarriage Plot Uncomfortableasunwantedguestsintheirformerhome Mrs DashwoodandherdaughtersmovefromNorlandtoBartonCottage TheirlandlordisSirJohnMiddleton wholivesinBartonPark LadyMiddleton smotherMrs JenningsandColonelBrandonarestayingatBartonPark Mrs Jennings agood humoredwidow thinksthatColonelBrandonisinlovewithMarianneandteasesthembothaboutit MariannedisregardsherbecauseshepitiesColonelBrandonasanoldbachelorwhohasnochanceofinspiringloveinanyone Onawalkinthecountryside Mariannefallsandsprainsherankle Willoughby adashingandhandsomeman carriesherbacktoBartonCottage WilloughbybeginstovisitMarianneeverydayandtheybecomeveryclose MargaretseesWilloughbycuttingalockofMarianne shairtokeepwithhim ElinoroverhearshimcallingMariannebyherfirstnameandbelievesthattheymaybesecretlyengaged Willoughbyleavesabruptly tellingtheDashwoodsthathemustgotoLondonandwillnotreturnforayear HisdeparturegreatlyupsetsMarianne EdwardFerrarscomestostayatBartonCottage HoweverheseemsunhappyandisdistanttowardsElinor andshefearsthathenolongerhasanyfeelingsforher However unlikeMarianne shedoesnotwallowinhersadness AnnandLucySteele cousinsofLadyMiddleton cometovisit SirJohntellsLucythatElinorisattachedtoEdward However LucythenrevealstoElinorthatshe Lucy hasbeensecretlyengagedtoEdwardforfouryears ShortlybeforetheDashwoodsleaveforBartonCottage EdwardattemptstotellElinorofhisengagement butbecauseofhisinabilitytotellElinorquickly isinterruptedbyFannyandisunabletofinish Elinorisovercomewithgrief butshekeepstheinformationfromherfamilyasapromisetoLucy ElinorandMariannespendthewinteratMrs Jennings homeinLondon MariannewritestoWilloughby butherlettersareunanswered TheymeetWilloughbyataparty butheiscoldandformalwiththem HethensendsMariannealetterinwhichhedenieseverhavinglovedherandtellingherthatheisengagedtoaMissGrey averywealthywomanofinferiorbirth MarianneadmitstoElinorthattheywerenotengaged butthatshestilllovedhimandthathe whilehealsolovedherandgreatlyimplieditbutneveractuallysaidit ColonelBrandonrevealstoElinorthatWilloughbyseducedhisfosterdaughterMissWilliamsandabandonedherwhenshebecamepregnant TheColonelwasonceinlovewithMissWilliams smother whoresembledMarianneintemperament butwhoselifewasdestroyedbyanunhappyarrangedmarriagetotheColonel sbrother Later Mrs JenningstellsElinorthatMrs FerrarshasdiscoveredEdwardandLucy sengagement Edwardrefusestoendtheengagementandhismother furiousbecauseofLucy spoverty disinheritshim ElinorandMariannefeelsorryforEdward andthi