苏州大学保险学期末复习(段坤).pdf

保险期末复习资料保险期末复习资料 1 一一 专有名词专有名词 险种 lines of insurance 人寿保险 人身保险 life insurance 人寿定期保险 term insurance 终身保险 whole life insurance 万能保险 universal life insurance 变额人寿保险 variable life insurance 分红保险 participating insurance 现金价值 cash value 一次性付 趸付 a lump sum 健康保险 health insurance 健康护理保险 health care insurance 健康费用保险 health expense coverages 医疗保险 medical insurance 住院保险 hospital insurance 外科保险 surgical insurance 混合型保险 miscellaneous coverages 牙科保险 dental insurance 长期护理保险 long term care LTC insurance 残疾收入保险 disability income insurance 医疗补助制度 资助计划 Medicaid 医疗保障制度 Medicare 意外 伤害 保险 accident injury insurance 养老保险 年金保险 pensions 社会保障 social security 私人养老保险 private pension 利润分成方案 profit sharing plan 利益确定方案 defined benefit plan 分担额确定方案 defined contribution plan 财产保险 property insurance 汽车保险 car vehicle auto motor insurance 全险 fully comprehensive insurance 防盗窃险 insurance against theft 第三者伤亡保险 third party insurance 机 动 车 第 三 者 责 任 保 险 motor vehicle third party liability insurance 责任保险 liability insurance 公众责任保险 public liability insurance 雇主责任保险 employer liability insurance 职业责任保险 professional liability insurance 产品责任保险 product liability insurance 信用保险 credit insurance 再保险 reinsurance 社会保险 social insurance 经济损失保险 financial loss insurance 可保利益原则 保险利益原则 the principle of insurable interest 损失补偿原则 the principle of indemnity 最大诚信原则 the principle of utmost good faith 代位求偿原则 the principle of subrogation 保险池 insurance pool 风险池 共同基金 risk pool 保险费率 insurance rates 损失控制 loss control 损失赔付 loss settlement 大数法则 the law of large numbers 部分损失 partial loss 保单全额 the face amount of the policy 可保利益 insurable interest 丧失劳动能力 disabled 保险直销市场 direct insurance market 保险期末复习资料保险期末复习资料 2 索赔 理赔 claims 风险管理 risk management 纯粹风险 pure risk 投机风险 speculative risk 风险避免 risk avoidance 风险承担 risk assumption 自保 self insurance 风险预防 loss prevention 损失抑制 loss reduction 风险转移 risk transfer 二二 写作写作范文范文 1 Insurance 1 What is insurance and how it works Insurance is a precaution against a possible unexpected loss it is a way of risk management In financial definition insurance is a financial arrangement that redistributes the costs of unexpected losses When we buy insurance we transfer our risk to someone else in exchange for a payment or premium Then if we suffer a specified loss we can make a claim to the insurer according to the insurance policy It works because insurance companies gather a large number of people who feel exposed to the same possible circumstances to form an insurance pool The company knows that the total premium collected from the group of people should cover the cost of the claims made by the unfortunate few who actually suffer a loss That is to say insurance spreads the risk of financial loss among a great many people Here there are two important factors 1 Many people share the risk 2 Losses do not happen all at once Insurance companies invest this pool of funds in the money and capital market to achieve gains and profits This is important for insurance companies to grow and develop 2 The types of insurance There are many different types of insurance 1 life insurance 2 health insurance 3 accident insurance 4 property insurance 5 liability insurance Every type can also be divided into several smaller lines of insurance 3 Legal principles of insurance 1 The principle of insurable interest means the insured person must have an insurable interest in the subject matter of the insurance That is he must stand to lose financially if the event insured against happens 2 The principle of indemnity means the policyholder must not make a profit if the event insured against happens 3 The principle of utmost good faith means anyone applies for insurance must tell the prospective insurer every fact that he knows or ought to know which would influence the insurer in deciding whether to grant the insurance and on what terms 4 Under the principle of subrogation the insurer who has indemnified the insured s loss is entitled to recovery from any liable third parties who are responsible 2 Risk management Risk management is the scientific method of planning to deal with losses When it comes to risk it is defined as uncertainty concerning loss Risks can be divided into two categories speculative risk and pure risk Speculative risks are exposures that can result in gains or losses and usually are not the subject of risk management On the other hand pure risks can result only in losses and usually arise from the following sources direct losses of property indirect losses of income liability losses and losses due to death or disability of key 保险期末复习资料保险期末复习资料 3 personnel Risk management is the process used to systematically manage exposures to pure risk The four steps in the process of risk management are 1 identify risks 2 evaluate risks 3 select risk management techniques and 4 implement and review decisions 1 Identifying and measuring exposures Recognizing one s exposure to loss requires organized thinking about the subject There are many sources of risks One way to classify them is in relation to property liability life health loss of income and financial exposures After risks are identified they should be evaluated regarding their expected frequency of occurrence the probable severity of associated losses and the maximum probable loss It is well to remember that before a loss occurs measurement is merely an estimate which will not necessarily reflect with accuracy the actual amount of damage or exposure to loss 2 Developing and implementing a risk management program It is the job of the risk manager to develop and implement plans to deal with the potential losses after the identifying and measuring step has been finished Accomplishing this task demands a knowledge of the alternative methods of dealing with risk In addition to insurance six other methods are risk avoidance risk assumption self insurance loss prevention loss reduction and risk transfer A thorough risk management program is the result of the consideration of all these alternatives In every case the risk manager will carefully weigh the ratio of the costs of an approach with the potential benefits to be produced So spending priorities must be established under a limited budget Also determining the choice of an appropriate tool should be based on the measurement of exposures Once a decision has been made to treat an exposure to loss with a given tool the decision must be implemented and reviewed during or after the whole process 3 Life insurance 1 What is life insurance The standard life insurance provides that upon the insured s death the policy face amount will be paid to the beneficiary When terminated prior to death some policies have cash values that can be refunded to the policyholder 2 Some characteristics of life insurance It is untimely death that is insured rather than the possibility of death itself So the risk in life insurance increases from year to year until the insured eventually dies However the insurance company can promise to pay a specified sum to the beneficiary no matter when death comes Aldo there is no possibility of partial loss in life insurance All policies are cash payment policies As to the insurable interest every individual has an unlimited insurable interest in his her own life and may assign that insurable interest to anyone financially related to him her 3 Types of life insurance The three major types of life insurance are term whole life and universal life insurance Term policies usually do not have cash values The contract terms include the length of time for which protection is provided coverage options and the possible changes in the amount of death protection Whole life insurance may be kept in force for the insured s entire lifetime The premiums can be paid in many forms and each has a different size of cash value Universal life policies usually provide for flexible premiums and possible changes in the size of the death benefit Cash values vary over time depending on the timing and amount of premiums paid as well as the insurer s 保险期末复习资料保险期末复习资料 4 investment earnings etc In addition variable life insurance s death benefits and cash values vary with the performance of one or more investment portfolios selected by the policyholder changes in portfolio selection usually can be made periodically each year 4 Payment of the benefit Most policies are settled by payment of the face amount in a lump sum upon the insured s death Alternative settlement options include payment of the proceeds over a fixed period or in a fixed amount and other arrangements that guarantee payment as long as beneficiaries remain alive 4 Long term Care LTC Insurance As more and more people live to advanced ages there is an increasing risk of loss associated with the need for nursing home care or other assistance with daily living As a result long term care insurance is growing in popularity and the coverage provisions and options are achieving some degree of standardization through federal legislation and actions of NAIC There may be some differences among different LTC policies 1 Some LTC policies cover only the named insured whereas others cover his her spouse as well 2 Most policies specify a maximum daily benefit and an overall maximum limit during the insur