钻井液工艺原理A期末考试试卷.doc

中国地质大学（北京） 2009年秋季学期课程号：0201171钻井液工艺原理期末考试试卷（A）考试形式：闭卷考试 考试时间：120分钟班号 学号 姓名 得分 题号1234567总分得分Note: All answers can be given either in English or Chinese!1. Please interpret the following definitions in detail(解释下列概念)（20 points，each 4 points）. Main functions of the drilling fluids（钻井液的主要功能）答：. The causes of the negative potential at the surface of clay mineral（粘土矿物表面带负电荷的原因）答：. Give concept and the description of mud cake and explain effect of the cake on driiling operation（泥饼的概念与描述方法及其对钻井作业的影响）答：. The function of Na2CO3 and its mechanism（Na2CO3在钻井液中的作用及作用原理）答： . Based on the structures of Mg(OH)2 and (MMH), explain why MMH sheet possesses postive charge（根据水镁石Mg(OH)2和正电胶结构，说明MMH晶片带有正电荷的原因答：2. Density of drilling fluid and its effect on drilling operation, then give the design basis and adjustment of drilling fluid density (钻井液密度及其对钻井作业的影响，并说明钻井流体密度设计基础和调节密度的方法) （10 points）答：3. Explain the following differences between montmorillonite (A13.34Mg0.66)(Si7.0All.0)O20(OH)4 and Illite (K,Na,Ca2)m(Al,Fe,Mg)4(Si,A1)8O20(OH)4nH2O based on the structure and the formula:a) Why does Illite have more negative charges than montmorillonite?b) Why does montmorillonite have more cation exchange capacity than Illite?c) Why does montmorillonite have more yielding capacity than Illite?d) Why is K+ used to drill formation than contain montmorillonite?（根据蒙脱石和伊利石的结构及其化学成分解释这两种粘土矿物以下不同特性）（10 points, each 2 points）a) 伊利石晶与蒙脱石格取代位置的区别？b) 为什么伊利石的负电荷比蒙脱石多？c) 为什么蒙脱石阳离子交换容量比伊利石多？d) 为什么蒙脱石的造浆能力最强？e) 为什么用K+钻进含蒙脱石地层？答：4. Please write out the rheological equation of Bingham Plastic fluid and state its physical meanings and influential factors of parameters in equation and the control methods (写出宾汉塑性流体的流变方程，并阐述流变方程中各流变参数的物理意义和影响因素)（10 points）答：5. Based on the filtration equation , explain a) the factors that affect the filtration properties of drilling fluids; b)the effect of filtration on drilling operation; c)adjustment and control of filtration; d)the reason of adopting foam to prevent loss of circulation? (根据静滤失方程，说明a）影响钻井液失水的因素；b）失水对钻井作业的影响；c)滤失性能的调控；d)为什么说采用泡沫泥浆可以预防钻孔漏失？) （10 points）答：6. Computation(10 points, each 5 points). Using Fann 35A Viscometer, die dial readings are 60040，30028, compute apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity and yield point and its apparent viscosity under 300rpm(使用Fann 35A型旋转粘度计，测得某种钻井液的60045，30030，求该钻井液的表观粘度、塑性粘度、动切力和300rpm下的表观粘度)解：. Make up 100 m3 drilling fluid with density of 1.05 g/cm3, compute the needed bentonite(in ton) and water(m3), densities of bentonite and water are assumed 2.6 g/cm3 and 1.0 g/cm3 respectively（配制100方密度为1.05 g/cm3的钻井液，计算所需要的膨润土（吨）和水（方）量，假设膨润土的密度为2.6 g/cm3，水的密度为1 g/cm3）解：7. (某煤田进行煤层气勘探，孔深825m，采用95mm绳索取心钻进。其勘探区钻遇的地层自下而上分别为:1 基底海西期花岗岩。2 第三系达连河组：下部含煤段，主要由碳质泥岩、泥岩、煤组成，层厚3550m。中部油页岩段，厚度60180m。上部砂泥岩段主要由泥质胶结的粗砂岩、泥岩，沼泽相泥岩、泥质细砂岩互层，厚度300800m，泥岩遇水膨胀，粗砂岩易坍塌，孔壁极不稳定。在泥浆滤液渗透下，加上钻具的敲打，泥浆的水力冲刷剥蚀，极易坍塌掉块，严重超径，孔壁呈葫芦状，常常造成多种复杂的孔内事故，给钻探生产带来极大困难。3 第四系主要由粘土、砂砾石等组成，层厚1030m。其中YD-02钻孔采用了KHM-CMC-PAM无固相钻井液，其组成及性能见表1。表1 KHM-CMC-PAM 无固相钻井液性能配方1000mL 清水+ 15g KHM + 3g CMC + 200ppm PHP + 1.5g NaOH性能指标比重g/cm3漏斗粘度s失水量mL/30min泥饼厚mmpH值视粘度mPas塑性粘度mPas动切力Pa动塑比1.0052280.388.552.50.5请说明：a) 选择无固相钻井液的原因（4 points）b) KHM（腐植酸钾）的作用及作用原理（4 points）c) CMC（钠羧甲基纤维素）的作用及作用原理（4 points）d) PHP（水解聚丙烯酰胺）的作用及作用原理（5 points）e) 评价该钻井液的动塑比，并说明其与携带岩屑的关系（5 poi