选修八,Unit 2,语法同位语从句.docx

课题 Book8 Unit 2 Grammar课时1学习目标知识目标掌握本单元重点单词和短语。能力目标通过阅读整体把握文章大意,并了解文中出现的相关同位语的句子。熟练掌握同位语从句的用法。情感目标了解克隆，克隆的利弊及对克隆技术的反思。学情分析语法基本是每一位学生的弱点。重点同位语从句的用法。难点同位语从句与定语从句的区别以及分隔式同位语从句。高考考点同位语从句与定语从句的区别以及分隔式同位语从句。教学内容及程序设计活动设计一. 定义：主从复合句中用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。（名词性从句之一）用以说明前面名词所表示的具体内容。e.g. The news that our team had won the game made us excited. We heard the news that our team had won the game.二.引导词：由连词that ; whether ;连接（代）副词who ;when ;where; how ;why 等引导。三. 先行词:常为某些抽象名词，如：news ; idea; word; fact; hope; doubt; belief; possibility; problem; question; thought; promise; information; messagedecision ; answer; reply等四. 位置：常紧跟某些名词之后；但有时被其它词隔开，称分隔式同位语从句。五. 语气：在suggestion; advice; order; request 等表示“建议;命令；要求”等词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词常用“（should） + 动词原形”虚拟结构:1.He gave many suggestions that we (should)get up earlier and take more exercise.2.The government gave the order that all these houses (should)be pulled down in three weeks.【真题剖析】1.(南通调研)A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might substitute the hero to buy some flowers for his mothers 60th birthday.Aif Bwhen CThat Dwhich 解析：that引导的同位语从句用来说明a warm thought，由于谓语部分短小，形成了分隔式情况，that在从句中不充当句子成分。 答案：C2.(浙江)Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dwhat 解析：句意：你到机场来接我行吗？没问题。that引导同位语从句，说明possibility的内容。 答案：B3.(江西)The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dthough 解析：句意：近年来全球气候不断变暖，这一事实使得很多科学家感到担扰。本题考查同位语从句。该题同位语从句结构完整，故选连词that。 答案：C4.(四川)News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere 解析：句意：学校办公室传出了王琳已经被北京大学录取的消息。这是一道考查同位语从句的题目，that引导的从句是news的同位语。 答案：C5.Word has gone around _ more university graduates will be employed by the company.Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhether 解析：考查名词性从句。that引导的从句与主语word构成同位语的关系。答案：C6In his letter was his promise _ he would spend the Christmas Eve with me.Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhether 解析：考查同位语从句。语境：他在信中写了要与我共度平安夜的诺言。空格后为同位语从句，意义完整，故用that引导答案：A7Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story，believe it or not，_ we got lost on a rainy night.Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhen 解析：考查同位语从句的用法。由于句中出现插入语，导致判断失误。可以把句子语序调整为“But believe it or not，I still remember the story _ we got lost on a rainy night”，这样就容易判断出“_ we got lost on a rainy night”是解释story的具体内容，是同位语从句，不是定语从句，可以排除A和D。同位语从句句子成分齐全，所以选择B。本题容易误选其他答案，主要是对句子结构没分析到位。答案：B六. 定语从句和同位语从句的区别(1)同位语从句属于名词性从句，它对与它有同位关系的名词进一步解释或补充说明。由于同位语从句说明它前面的名词内容本身，我们可以用连系动词be把它们连接起来，用“主语be表语”结构来检验；而定语从句在复合句中的功能相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。The news that he was killed was not true.他被害的消息不真实。（The news is that he was killed）The news that he heard was not true.他听到的消息不真实。(2) 连词that不同。引导同位语从句的that是从属连词，没有词汇意义，只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。引导定语从句的that是关系代词，它除了起连接作用外，在从句中还充当某一句子成分，而且常常可以为who, which所取代。（例句见上）(3)当when, why, where和how引导同位语从句时，它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分，但前面没有与其意义相当的先行词。引导定语从句的when, where, why是关系副词，在它们前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因意义的名词作先行词。He can answer the question how oxygen is joined with other elements.I will never forget the day when I worked there. 【真题剖析】(江西名校信息卷)The moment _ Leo will never forget is _ Mr. Green gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.A/; when B. that; that Cwhen; that Dwhen; where 解析：由第一空应用that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the moment，且在定语从句中作forget的宾语，that可以省略；第二空选引导表语从句的连接词when，并在表语从句中作时间状语。故选A。 答案：A(晋江联考)The news came，as expected，_ my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa where people are suffering a lot from AIDS.Ait Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 解析：as expected相当于as was expected，是插入成分。that引导的同位语从句修饰the news。 答案：B【达标检测】1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 11. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海) A. while B. that C. when D. as 12. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities; this is the information _ has been put forward. A. what B. that C. when D. as 13. She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91) A. it B. which C. this D. that 14. I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A. it B. which C. this D. that 15. The fact_ he failed in the exam is not the one_ he told me.A. which; that B. that; C. which; which D./; that16. Modren science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases. (11,天津) A. what B. which C. that D. where 17. When the news came _ the war broke out ,he decided to serve in the army. （11，辽宁） A. since B. which C. that D. because 18. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where19. There is a feeling in me _ we will never know what a UFO is - not ever. A .that B. which C. of which D. what20. Our suggestion is that the central bank _ the interest rate for a second time. Anot raise Bdoesnt raise Cwont raise Dshant raise21. It is good new