法律英语词汇总结.doc

词汇总结（老师分享版总结）Unit 151. common law普通法2. equity law衡平法3. precedent 先例4. stare decisis 遵循先例原则5. res judicata 一案不再审6. jurisdiction 管辖权，管辖区，司法区7. trial court 初审法院8. Court of Appeals, appellate court 上诉法院9. appellant/appellee, petitioner/respondent 上诉人/被上诉人，申诉人/被申诉人10. Supreme Court最高法院, SPS, SPP, Procuratorate Chief Justice检察院首席大法官11. court of last resort, first instance终审法院，初审12. court of general jurisdiction 普通管辖权法院13. circuit court巡回法院14. per curiam法官共同决议意见 15. concurring opinion附随意见/并存意见16. dissenting opinion反对意见17. prosecutor procuratorate 公诉人/检察官 检察院18. affirm, reverse, remand维持，撤销，发回重审19. reversal, overruling撤销判决，推翻判决20. en banc全院审判，集体听讼21. holding, dicta 判决，附带意见？22. day in court 出庭应诉23. forum审判地24. venue审判地25. certiorari调卷令26. legal remedy relief 法律救济 27. equitable remedy 衡平法上的救济28. injunction 禁制令29. the legislative立法机构, legislation立法 legislature立法机关 30. the judicial judiciary 司法，司法系统31. the executive行政, execute处死，执行 execution死刑 /enforcement执行, executor 遗嘱执行人 administer 执行 32. statute成文法 statutory right 法定权利33. attorney, barrister/advocate, solicitor, trial advocacy, counsel 律师34. damages 损害赔偿金 punitive damages 惩罚性损害赔偿金35. bench trial 法官审判，王座法庭（无陪审团的法官审） jury trial 陪审团审判36. civil action 民事诉讼 tortious act侵权行为 tort action侵权诉讼37. substantive law 实体法 procedural law 程序法38. diversity of citizenship 州籍不同39. impeachment 弹劾40. separation of powers分权41. checks & balances 制衡42. due process of law 法律正当程序43. bill of rights 权利法案44. judicial interpretation/construction 司法解释 construe解释 literal文字的/liberal慷慨的45. veto power, right to vote否决权46. litigant 诉讼当事人 litigation 诉讼 litigator诉讼人47. infamous crime不名誉罪 fraud欺诈 perjury 伪证罪treason叛国罪 perjure作伪证 defraud 诈骗 defrauded欺骗 48. civil law system大陆法系49. amendment 修正案50. judicial review 司法审查51. Congress/Parliament，senate 国会/议会，参议院52. bring/file/institute/initiate/commence an action, suit, lawsuit, litigation, proceedings诉讼53. binding precedent 有拘束力的先例54. persuasive precedent 有说服力的先例55. Miranda Warnings米兰达警告45. misdemeanor 轻罪 felony 重罪56. probation 缓刑 probate 见证人，见证程序57. parole假释58. larceny theft 盗窃罪59. deceased 死者，被继承人 decedent 死者60. mens rea 犯意61. actus reus 犯罪行为62. causation因果关系, intervening factor 介入因素63. felony-murder rule重罪谋杀规则64. punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿65. civil wrong 民事违法 criminal offense 刑事犯罪66. homicide 杀人罪67. justifiable homicide可证明为正当的杀人罪, excusable可原谅的 68. murder谋杀/谋杀罪69. voluntary manslaughter故意杀人罪70. involuntary manslaughter 过失杀人罪71. Redress赔偿 compensation 赔偿 reimburse 偿还，赔偿72. Warrant逮捕令73. self-defense正当防卫74. liability 责任 liable有责的75. probable cause 正当理由，合理根据76. death penalty死刑77. imprisonment, confinement, incarceration, detention监禁78. forfeiture 没收79. aggravating circumstances加重情节80. mitigating/extenuating circumstances减轻情节81. enter a guilty plea plead guilty 做出有罪答辩82. plea bargaining辩诉交易83. interstate commerce州际贸易84. drug trafficking贩毒 counterfeit goods假冒商品85. illegitimate child私生子，非婚生子86. conviction 有罪裁决 acquittal 无罪裁决87. inquisitorial system纠问制/ adversary对抗制/adversarial对抗制 88. summons传票, subpoena传票, process传票，诉讼过程中的各种命令, citation罚单89. service of process 送达程序90. compulsory process强制到庭程序91. voir dire陪审团资格审查92. peremptory challenge无因回避93. challenge for cause有因回避94. jury charge/instruction 指示陪审团95. rebuttal evidence 反驳证据96. pretrial motions审前动议 move步骤 post-trial审判后动议97. discovery, disclosure证据开示 98. cross-examination交叉询问99. motion for directed verdict申请驳回起诉的动议100. mistrial 无效判决101. hung jury/ deadlocked jury陪审团僵局102. hearsay 传闻证据103. jury deliberation 陪审团审议104. in personam/personal jurisdiction 属人管辖权105. in rem jurisdiction对物管辖权106. subject matter jurisdiction事务管辖权107. fact-finder事情调查者，检察员, trier 审判者108. objection反对, exception 异议，例外109. plaintiff, 原告defendant被告110. prosecution 控诉 defense 辩解111. affirmative defense积极性抗辩112. statute of limitations 诉讼时效113. entrapment 陷阱114. alibi 不在场证据115. intoxication喝醉116. insanity精神失常117. indictment（大陪审团）起诉书/information 公诉书118. complaint 刑事控告书、自诉书119. accusatorial system诉讼程序120. criminal charge 刑事指控121. prima facie case 初步证明的案件122. bail保释，保证金123. arraignment 传讯124. privilege against self-incrimination不得自证其罪的权利125. double jeopardy clause双重追诉条款126. confrontation clause 质证条款，对质条款127. presumption of innocence无罪推定128. grand jury 大陪审团（程序）129. beyond a reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑130. by the preponderance of the evidence/ preponderant evidence优势证据131. balance of the probabilities可能性权衡 132. burden of proof 举证责任133. standard of proof 证明标准134. criminal justice system 刑事司法体系135. burglary 盗窃罪136. statutory crime 法定犯罪137. larceny盗窃罪 stolen goods 赃物138. injunctive relief 禁令救济，申请制止侵权的权利139. standing to sue原告资格140. discovery 证据开示141. long-arm statute长臂管辖法142. forum shopping挑选有管辖权的法院143. cause of action原告的起诉理由144. direct examination 直接询问145. jury verdict 陪审团裁决146. admit 供认 admissible可接纳的 inadmissible不可接纳的 admissibility 证据的可采性147. applicable law 可适用的法律148. default judgment缺席判决149. judgment debtor 判决确定的债务人 creditor 债权人150. rebuttal evidence反驳证据？Unit 61. lawsuit诉讼2. substantive law/ procedural law实体法程序法3. formality手续4. lease or deed of land土地租赁或转让契约5. administrative law行政法6. civil/criminal procedure民事刑事程序7. conflicts of law法律冲突8. client 当事人9. emotional distress精神伤害10. breach of contract 违反合同约定11. file bankruptcy 申请破产12. invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私13. subject matter/personal jurisdiction诉讼标的属人管辖权 14. serve a summon 送达传票15. compliant/ answer 起诉书答辩状16. default judgment 缺席审判17. demurrer抗辩18. affirmative defense积极的抗辩19. statute of limitation诉讼时效20. motion denied/granted 被否决的动议被允许的动议21. negligent/ negligence过失（形容词）过失（名词）22. inadmissible evidence不予采信的证据23. objection by defendants counsel被告律师的抗辩24. hearsay 传闻证据25. present evidence举证26. call witness传唤证人27. counsel for plaintiff原告律师28. burden of proof举证责任29. charge to the jury/ jury instruction 下指令给陪审团陪审团发出的指令30. litigation 诉讼31. deliberation （陪审团）审议32. general/special verdict 一般特别的裁决33. reasonable person 有理性的人34. judgment non obstante verdicto 与陪审团相反的判决35. judgment for plaintiff原告胜诉的判决36. res judicata 已决案件37. execution of the jurgement判决的执行38. sheriff治安官39. proceeds收益40. insolvency 清偿41. pleading 诉讼请求42. brief诉讼要点43. transcript of the testimony 证词的记录44. courts ruling法院的裁决Unit 8 Text B1. Drive-through 免下车的，可坐在汽车里购物的路边商店 麦当劳得来速汽车餐厅2. Compensatory and punitive damages3. Cause of action 诉讼理由；诉因 指原告起诉时的根据。具体指原告起诉寻求司法救济所依据的事实，如侵权行为和损害后果等。4. Out-of-state 外州的5. Recuperate vt. 康复 6. Out-of-pocket 自掏腰包的7. summary dismissal 拒绝立案8. deter 威慑9. runaway 逃跑者，漏网之鱼10. undisclosed a. 不公开的11. Fahrenheit 华氏温度 180 degrees Fahrenheit=82.2 摄氏度 160 degrees Fahrenheit=71.1 摄氏度12. Styrofoam 泡沫塑料13. Proceed to trial 提起诉讼 14. Proceeding n. 程序 诉讼程序15. Procedure n. 指进行民事或刑事诉讼应遵守的司法规则、模式、步骤16. Defective product 缺陷产品17. Withstand scrutiny 经得起推敲18. Scrutiny 详细审查；周密调查Intervening causes介入因素All-or-nothing-at-all 全有或全无Blast Keep wild animals: Every dog is allowed his first bite. 初犯者从宽。 As long as no harm occurs Privity n. 契约关系contractual relationship Absolute liability 绝对责任Agreement 协议 Assumption Basic assumption基础认知Egg-shell skull 可预见的伤害转化成不可预见的严重伤害Unit 9 Text A1. promise/ promisor/ promise 承诺承诺人受承诺人2. promissory obligation 约定义务3. quasi contract 准契约4. unjust enrichment 不当得利5. assignee受让人6. the third party beneficiary第三方受益人 7. offer/counter offer/ offeror/ offeree要约反要约/发要约人受要约人8. acceptance 承诺9. bargain 讨价还价10. bilateral contract/ unilateral contract双务合同单务合同 11. irrevocable offer不可撤销的要约12. contract of adhesion 格式合同13. consideration 对价14. gratuitous promise单方获益的承诺 15. enforceable contract可强制执行的合同16. estoppel禁止反言17. immunity 豁免权18. frustration/impossibility/ discharge of contract中止不能履行终止的合同19. binding agreement 有约束力的协议20. freedom of contract 缔约自由21. Statute of Frauds防止诈欺条例 当事人拒绝履行契约的借口22. Express/implied 明示/默示 offer 要约23. Express: explicitly stated 24. Quasi-contract 准契约 系欠缺构成要件的行为。基于衡平原则，当一方自他方取得利益致后者受损失则法律给予双方的行为具有准契约的效果，使前者必须就所得利益的价值给付后者。 25. Unjustly enriched 不当得利的26. Foreseeable person 27. Oxymoron 矛盾修辞法28. Inadequacy of consideration 约因的不足29. Minors/infants 未成年人30. Void/voidable contract 无效/可撤销合同31. Mutual assent共同同意32. Rescind the contract 撤销契约 33. Affirm/disaffirm 确认/否认34. Enforceable/unenforceable contract 违反法定要件 缺强制力的合同Unit 9 Text B1. Enforcement 施行2. Plain meaning 字面含义3. Discourage 阻止，劝阻4. Penalize v. 对 予以惩罚5. Deceptive 欺骗的 6. Unforeseen 不可预见的7. Preference n. 偏爱 优待8. Accommodate 适应9. Modification 修订10. Complexity 复杂11. Subjectivity 主观12. Performance/fulfillment 履行 成功地执行合同义务，即完全履行，通常可因此解除履行人的义务。13. Honor agreed-upon promise 依约履行协议14. Projected-loss of profits 预计损失的利润15. Aggrieved party 受害人 16. Specific performance 实际履行17. Mutual mistake 双方错误 指各方当事人对主要事实、合同用语或文书内容等有相同的误解18. Erroneous assumption 错误的假设19. Material to the contract 对合同有实质影响20. Duress 胁迫21. Undue influence 不当影响22. Material provision 实质条款 23. Misrepresentation 虚假陈述Unit 12corporation 法人 公司 在法律上被认为是单一法律实体的、由个人组成的团体或某一职位的持有人。 为了与自然人（natu