蜗轮壳体数控加工自动编程毕业论文.doc

蜗轮壳体数控加工自动编程毕业论文目录绪论一、零件三维建模二、零件的工艺分析与设计2.1 选择毛坯2.2 工艺分析2.3 加工路线2.4 工序间的衔接及数控加工内容2.5 刀具的选择三、刀具路径设计及仿真四、后置处理及NC代码生成五、夹具设计设计总结参考文献绪论用数控机床加工零件，是按照事先编制好了的数控程序自动地对零件进行加工。它是把零件的加工工艺路线、刀具运动轨迹、切削参数等，按照数控机床规定的指令代码及程序格式编写成加工程序单，再把程序单的内容输入到数控机床的数控装置中，从而控制机床加工零件。为了能充分高效地利用数控机床的各种功能，使数控机床能按照人们事先设计的模式进行安全、可靠地工作，选择了蜗轮壳体在数控机床上进行加工作为毕业设计的课题。并严格按照毕业设计的要求，进行包括数控加工工艺分析、数控刀具及其切削参数的选择、工件装夹方式与数控加工夹具的选择、程序编制中的数字计算、数控加工程序的编制等。另外，考虑到自动编程技术具备数学处理能力强、能快速、自动生成数控程序、后置处理程序灵活多变、程序自检、纠错能力强、便于实现与数控系统的通行等特点，采用了数控加工自动编程技术进行课题制作，同时为了检验编程效果，还采用了数控仿真技术及时校验整个程序的加工效果。一、 零件三维建模 二、零件工艺分析与设计2.1选择毛坯该零件的材料为HT200，因此，毛坯为铸件。2.2工艺分析1）该零件属于典型箱体类零件。零件尺寸较小，同时零件形状结构并不复杂，尺寸精度要求也不是很高，但有多处转接圆角，使用的刀具较多，要求保证壁厚均匀，中小批量加工零件的一致性高，该零件比较适合采用加工中心加工。2）工件中心孔为25H7，小于30mm，所以不能铸出，只能在实体上钻、扩、绞而成。3）考虑到工件端面上的孔加工因各个孔尺寸大小不一，内孔表面粗糙度要求较高，加工中所需要的刀具数量及种类较多，故这部分内容适宜集中放在加工中心上一次装夹完成。4）一般情况下，直径在M6M20mm之间的螺纹，通常采用攻螺纹的方法加工。直径在M6mm以下的螺纹，在加工中心上完成底孔加工，通过其他手段攻螺纹。因为在加工中心上攻螺纹不能随机控制加工状态，小直径丝锥容易折断，所以工件上许多小于M6的螺纹，可用丝锥进行手动攻螺纹。5）从工序集中和便于定位两方面考虑，选择4个侧面在加工中心中加工。将下表面和下表面的四个孔中的两个作为主要定位基准，并在前道工序中加工出来。从以上几点可以看出，该零件的加工部位较分散，不能在一次装夹中完成全部加工内容。工艺路线的安排应遵循先面后孔、基面先行、先粗后精的加工原则，工序划分按照集中原则进行划分，拟定零件加工路线。2.3制订加工路线制订工艺路线的出发点，应当是使零件的几何形状、尺寸精度及位置精度等技术要求能得到合理的保证。考虑采用数控机床配以专用夹具，并尽量使工序集中来提高生产率。除此以外，还应当考虑经济效果，以便使生产成本尽量下降。工序1 粗铣底面工序2 精铣底面工序3 粗铣凸台工序4 精铣凸台工序5 钻4-6底孔工序6 锪4-9阶梯孔工序7 钻M6螺纹底孔至5工序8 M6螺纹孔端倒角C2工序9 攻M6螺纹孔工序10 粗铣左端面工序11 精铣左端面工序12 粗铣右端面工序13 精铣右端面工序14 粗铣前、后凸台工序15 精铣前、后凸台工序16粗镗48孔至46工序17精镗48孔至47.7工序18粗绞48孔至47.7工序19 精绞48孔工序20 钻4xM4螺纹底孔至3工序21 4xM4螺纹孔端倒角工序22 钻25H7底孔至23工序23 扩孔至24.8工序24 粗绞25H7底孔至24.94工序25 精绞25H7工序26 倒角C2工序27钻10底孔至9.8工序28 粗绞9.96孔工序29 精绞10孔工序30 倒角C2工序31 钻4xM3螺纹底孔3工序32 4xM3螺纹孔端倒角工序33 用丝锥攻M4、M3螺纹孔工序34 检查2.4 工序间的衔接及数控加工内容前九道工序在立式数控机床上加工，加工底面和底面上的四个阶梯孔，为卧式加工中心提供装夹定位精基准。剩下的工序全部在卧式加工中心中加工（除了工序33、34）。这部分内容因为孔的尺寸大小不一，精度要求不一，孔位分布分散，所需要的刀具数量和种类较多。为保证加工精度且减少换刀时间，该部分内容适应在卧式加工中心上加工，以减少手动换刀的不便。工序33用丝锥手动攻螺纹以防止在加工中心折断小直径丝锥。2.5 刀具的选择1）刀具类型加工孔系和面系选用的刀具有麻花、扩孔钻、绞刀、锪钻、镗刀、端铣刀、立铣刀。2）刀具材料由于零件材料为HT200，其抗压强度和耐磨性较高，但塑性较低，故采用高速钢可以对其进行切削，但切削余量较小，切削速度低。考虑到加工中心高效的特点，应采用硬质合金刀进行切削加工，提高效率。3）刀具规格刀具的具体名称、刀具编号等内容见表2-1。三、刀具路径设计及仿真四、后置处理及NC代码生成=信息清单创建者： 张建华日期： 2011/6/4 17:23:24当前工作部件： G:wolunketizhang.prt节点名： cyp-pc=%N0010 G40 G17 G90 G70N0020 G91 G28 Z0.0:0030 T01 M06N0040 T02N0050 G0 G90 X.9214 Y-.9063 S0 M03N0060 G43 Z-3.0539 H00N0070 Z-3.0538N0080 X.6861 Y-.9268N0090 G1 X.5684 Y-.9371 F7.9 M08N0100 Y-.9356 Z-2.857N0110 X.5827 Y-1.0996 Z-2.8478 F31.5N0120 X.5968 Y-1.2615 Z-2.8194N0130 X.6106 Y-1.4193 Z-2.7733N0140 X.6238 Y-1.5711 Z-2.7101N0150 X.6364 Y-1.715 Z-2.6305N0160 X.6481 Y-1.8493 Z-2.5355N0170 X.6589 Y-1.9724 Z-2.4262N0180 X.6686 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