英语图表作文写作方法及范文分析ppt课件.ppt

怎样分析和描述图表 WritingaCompositionAccordingtoTablesandGraphs 1 TableofContents 图表作文和一般作文的区别看懂图表要领 1 看懂图表要领 2 图一 图二分析易犯错误 解决方法常用数字表达法BasicWritingStructureetc MoreExercises 2 图表作文和一般作文 一般作文 在指示中把作文要讨论的问题或者现象直接用文字告诉你 图表作文 把问题或者现象用图表反映出来 要求 把图表看懂 并用文字叙述出来 才能对这个问题或现象展开讨论 3 看懂图表要领 1 看懂图表 弄清它所反映的问题或现象 第一 熟悉图表的各种类型 了解它们的特点和作用 常见图表有四种 4 PieChart 饼图 这种图表多数用来表示各种事物在总数百分之一百中所占的各自比例 5 LineGraph 线图 这种曲线图用来表示一种事物的上升趋势或下降趋势 6 BarGraph 条形棒图 一般用来比较几种事物在同一时期上升或者下降的情况 7 Table 表格图 这种图表用于表示多种事物间的相互关系 8 看懂图表要领 2 要善于从众多的数字中抓住主要问题 给出的图表和数字并不是要求简单的描写 而是要求通过图表上的数字抓住所反映的社会问题进行评论 因此从数字中看出主要问题或现象至关重要 1 借助于题目和指示里的要求来抓主要问题 2 看一下图表中的哪些数字前后变化最大 9 图一 JobProblemsforCollegeGraduates 上图1 2 3分别表示 1 Graduateswhocontinuetostudy2 Graduateswhotakejobsirrelevanttotheirmajors3 Graduateswhoholdjobsintheirmajors 10 图一分析 一 借助于题目JobProblemsforCollegeGraduates 可以看出是关于大学毕业生找工作的问题 因此尽管表中有许多数字 但只要顺着有关工作职业的数字 就能发现图表所要反映的问题 二 看图表哪些数字变化最大 图表中有三组六个数字 分别表示毕业生继续读书 找专业对口的工作和找专业不对口的工作 但以后两组数据在十年里的变化最大 因此它们就是文章要讨论的主要问题 11 语言表达 抓住了所要评论的问题 接着就是先把它用语言表述出来 在描写中 对数字的运用要有针对性 不要把图表中的数字全描写出来 12 图一 第一段表达 Eachyearthousandsuponthousandsofgraduatesfloodthejobmarket wavingtheircollegediplomasandcertificates expectingbetterjobsintheirmajors onlytobefrustratedanddisappointed Accordingtothecharts only58 percentofcollegegraduatesin1992couldfindjobsintheirspecialties comparedwith89 percentin1981whenChinhaditsfirstcollegegraduatesaftertheCulturalRevolution Whydocollegegraduatesfinditincreasinglydifficulttogetarewardingjob 13 Tips 开头段落在六个数字中仅仅列举了1981和1992年有关找专业对口的工作的毕业生人数的两个数字 因为这是文章要重点讨论的 其余四个数字就不必列出了 14 图二EnthusiasmforSports EnthusiasmforSports Youmustwritenolessthan120wordsandexplainWHYmanyTVviewersliketowatchsports 15 图二 第一段表达 Modernsportsarebecomingmorespectator oriented 观赏者为导向的 thanparticipant oriented 参与者为导向的 JustthinkofmillionsandmillionsofpeoplewhospendcountlesshoursbeforeTVsetswatchingsportsofallsorts OlympicGames WorldSeriesGamesandtheWorldCupSoccerGame Accordingtoasurvey amongvarioustelevisedevents sportshavethegreatestnumberofviewers Whenanimportantfootballmatchistelevisedlive thestreetsofabigcityareoftenleftdeserted 16 Tips 图二第一段范文中对图表上四个数据连提都不提 就是对看体育节目人数这个作文要讨论的主题也只是用thegreatnumberof等笼统地加以概况 我们要讨论的是为什么有许多人观看体育节目 而不是要介绍各类节目的收视率 所以具体准确的数字就没有必要写出来了 17 易犯错误 解决方法 盲目地把图表中所有数据都描写出来 不管是否和主题有关 解决方法 可以在描写和引用数字前 先把这些数据要反映的问题用一句话写出来 这样就把数据看成是一种用来说明问题的具体数据材料 statisticalevidence 选用的数据必须和论述有关 18 例1 图一第一段第一句 Eachyearthousandsuponthousandsofgraduatesfloodthejobmarket wavingtheircollegediplomasandcertificates expectingbetterjobsintheirmajors onlytobefrustratedanddisappointed 19 例2 RisingDivorceRatesinChina 20 Sample InrecentyearsthedivorcerateinChinahasincreaseddrastically Accordingtoa1992CensusBureau 人口调查局 reportonmarriageanddivorceinsomebigcities duringthepastfiveyears thedivorceratehasincreasedasmuchasithadintheentireprevioustwentyyears In1967therewereonly0 5divorcedpersonsforevery1000marriedpeople andin1987theratewas7perthousand butin1992theratejumpedto15divorcedper1000married 21 常用数字表达法 1 In1990 it increasedrosejumpedshotup from5to10percentofthetotal to15percent by15percent 22 2 Bycomparisonwith1990 it decreaseddroppedfell from10to5percent to15percent by15percent 23 3 Thethatoflastyear figurepercentagenumberpopulation hasnearlyhasalmosthasmorethan doubled tripled comparedwithascomparedwithasagainst 24 4 Ithascomparedwith droppedincreaseddecreased almostmorethanabout twoandahalftimes twice sixtimes 25 5 Theasmuchasthatof1990 numberpercentage istwiceis4timesishalf 26 6 Ithas reachedapproachedrisento somethingofaplateau50percentanaverageof50percent intherecent5years inthepastfewyears since1992 27 7 Itaccountsfor 在数量 比例上 占 15percentofthetotal 28 8 ThereinMarch waswerehasbeen 26trafficaccidents26teenagesuicidesa26percentincrease declineinbirthrates upfrom20percentforthesameperiodlastyear anincreaseof3percentinathree monthperiod only65 3birthsper1000femalesofchildbearingage 29 Thatistherateinhistory continuinga n trendbeguninthe1970s second highestsecond lowest upwarddownward 30 9 By1990 onlylessthanmorethanalmostaboutoverasmanyas three quarters40percentofoneoutoffiveoneinfour collegepopulationsgraduateshousewives preferredto liked asagainstascomparedwith lastyear 1980 31 10 Thewasofthe1990total numberrate 15percent 15perthousand lessthanmorethan ahalfathird quarter 32 BasicWritingProcessoftheComposition Haveacorrectunderstandingofthegiveninformation andgraspthemainidea 2 Makeacarefulanalysisoftheinformation 3 Usetherighttechniqueofwriting Themostcommontechniquesusedinthiskindofwritingare comparisonandcontrast 4 Makeacommentonthemaintopic thenreachaconclusion 33 BasicWritingStructure 1 Describetheinformationgiveninthechartortable 2 Analyzethephenomenon itscauses consequences etc 3 Predictthefuturetendencyorgiveyoursuggestionsorsolutions 34 AWritingPatternforReference Description InrecentyearsChinahasexperiencedadramaticincreaseinthedivorcerate Accordingtoa1996censuson insomebigcities hascontinuedanupwardtrendsincefortyyearsago In1956therewereonly andin1986theratewas butin1996theratejumpedto Accordingtothechart duringthelastdecade inbigcitieshasincreasedasmuchasithadinthepreviousthirtyyears 35 AWritingPatternforReference Analysis Theupwardtrendin seemstobeamirrorofsomeimportantchangesinChinesesociety First Second Finally 36 AWritingPatternforReference Conclusion Whateverchangesleadtotherisein thefactandthestatisticsalonereflectthechangein 37 Exercise RisingDivorceRatesinChina TopicOne Directions 描写图表所反映的问题 你认为最近几年中国离婚率高的原因是什么 38 SampleOne InrecentyearsChinahasexperiencedadramaticincreaseinthedivorcerate Accordingtothechart duringthelastdecade thedivorcerateinbigcitieshasincreasedasmuchasithadinthepreviousthirtyyears 39 TheupwardtrendindivorceseemstobeamirrorofsomeimportantchangesinChinesesociety First legalchangeshavesimplifieddivorceprocedures andremovedbarrierstodivorce Moreandmorepeople bothyoungandold arenowbenefitingfrom eventakingadvantageofthenewlawwhichforthefirsttimeinhistoryallowsacoupletogetdivorcedmerelyforlove ssake 40 Second therehasbeenasignificantchangeinsocialattitudetowardsthedivorcedpersons Theactofdivorceisnolongerconsideredasocialstigma 耻辱 Finally thechangeinpersonaleconomicactivitiesalsofacilitate vt 促进 助长 divorce Theunprecedented 前所未有的 空前的 socialmobilityinthelast10yearsbothwithinthecountryandacrossthelandhasplacedseverestrainsonmarriedcouples notonlyintermsofgeographicseparation butalsopsychologicalchange 41 Whateverchangesleadingtotheriseindivorcerates thefactandthestatisticsalonereflectthechangeinpeople straditionalviewofmarriageandfamilylife 42 ChangesinPeople sDiet TopicTwo 43 ChangesinPeople sDiet 根据上图描述在过去5年里人们饮食上的变化 分析产生这些变化的原因 你的结论 44 SampleTwo Inthelast20years amarkedchangehastakenplaceonthefamilydiningtable Accordingtothetable rice thestaplefoodofmostChinese isnowplayingalessimportantroleintheirdiet whiletheconsumptionofhighqualityfoodsuchasmeat fish milkandfruithasgreatlyincreased 45 Twofactorsmaycontributetothechange Oneimportantfactoristhatpeoplenowenjoyahigherstandardoflivingthaneverbefore Intheolddaysfewpeoplecouldaffordmeatandmilkeveryday whichoftenmeantabigchunkofthefamilyincome Butnowpeoplehaveenoughmoneytotastearichvarietyoffood Anotherfactoristhatpeopleoftodaypaymoreattentiontonutrition Theyarenotmerelycontenttofillthestomach Theyareseekingthemostreasonabledietwhichwilldogoodtotheirhealth 46 Inshort withpeople sstandardoflivinggettinghigherandhigher changesintheirdietwillbemoreobviousandgreater 47 CarExplosioninChina TopicThree 48 CarExplosioninChina 根据上图描述在过去10年里私人拥有小汽车情况的变化 分析产生这些变化的原因 你的结论 49 SampleThree Asisvividlydescribedinthetableabove greatchangesincarowne