Linux管理PVVGLV实例.docx

LVMLogical Volume Manager(逻辑卷管理器)简写。LVM可以帮助我们为应用与用户方便地分配存储空间。在LVM管理下的逻辑卷可以按需改变大小或添加移除。LVM也允许按用户组对存储卷进行管理，允许管理员用更直观的名称(如sales,development)代替物理磁盘(如sda,sdb)来标识存储卷。传统分区概念LVM逻辑卷管理磁盘空间独立性不能充分利用，尤其是一个FS只能对应一个分区多磁盘PV组成存储池VG，再根据应用细分逻辑卷LV，空间利用率提高空间扩展性重新分区采取静态或动态在线扩展卷组容量数据备份业务繁忙时，I/O接口读写频繁可采取快照方式捕捉某一逻辑卷的瞬间精确拷贝已完成在线备份工作用户使用性分区标识无法满足大量用户要求可根据用户需求定义lv逻辑卷的卷标一、创建LVM的准备工作 1.搭建环境：OS:RHEL5.3 LVM包 IDE磁盘/dev/hdb(1024MB),/dev/hdd(1024MB) 2.转换磁盘分区lvm卷分区 最终方案：/dev/hdb 创建 /dev/hdb1(Id:5,System:Extended) /dev/hdb5(Id:8e,System:Linux LVM) /dev/hdd 创建 /dev/hdd1(Id:5,System:Extended) /dev/hdd5(Id:8e,System:Linux LVM) 操作：(仅以/dev/hdb为例) #fdisk /dev/hdb #p(显示分区情况)#n(新建分区)#e(创建扩展分区)#l(创建逻辑分区) #此处为实验环境方便后面的增减操作，所以我们将/dev/hdb全部划分为一个分区 #t(设置磁盘Hex code)#8e(LinuxLVM)#w(保存操作) #p Disk /dev/hdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2080 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdb1 12080 1048288+ 5 Extended /dev/hdb512080 1048257 8e Linux LVM#partprobe (此命令让kernel会重新读取磁盘分区表，修改生效)二、创建LVM 1.创建PV盘 方案： /dev/hdb lvm21024MB /dev/hdd lvm21024MB操作: #pvcreate /dev/hdb5 /dev/hdd5 #pvscan #pvdisplay /dev/hdb5 is a new physical volume of 1023.69 MB - NEW Physical volume - PV Name /dev/hdb5 VG Name PV Size 1023.69 MB Allocatable NO PE Size (KByte) 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID zM7103-SJg4-ZjOb-BeL0-dlR1-HHh6-HCG8kG /dev/hdd5 is a new physical volume of 1023.69 MB - NEW Physical volume - PV Name /dev/hdd5 VG Name PV Size 1023.69 MB Allocatable NO PE Size (KByte) 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID hAk1Dx-QulA-YV4G-p8wa-7sWw-FiaC-10GorS2.创建VG存储池 方案： lvm2(/dev/hdb) vg1 lvm2(/dev/hdd) vg2操作： #vgcreate vg1 /dev/hdb5 #vgcreate vg2 /dev/hdd5 #vgscan #vgdisplay - Volume group - VG Name vg2 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size1020.00 MB PE Size4.00 MB Total PE255 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 255 / 1020.00 MB VG UUID Wa4Jo8-k3xY-BTng-uV6j-0Ee1-Vp8b-fNVrhQ - Volume group - VG Name vg1 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size1020.00 MB PE Size4.00 MB Total PE255 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 255 / 1020.00 MB VG UUID UGjfZd-shth-ZRTU-sVVm-MD0s-wzVB-zd7Uwt3.分配LV逻辑卷 方案： work(/dev/hdb5) vg1 Study(/dev/hdd5) vg2操作： #lvcreate L 500M n work vg1 #lvcreate L 500M n study vg2 #lvscan #lvdisplay- Logical volume - LV Name /dev/vg2/study VG Name vg2 LV UUID 53VT9v-dyp0-lSST-eDFz-w2Ns-Os0Z-ERnqVU LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size500.00 MB Current LE125 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 - Logical volume - LV Name /dev/vg1/work VG Name vg1 LV UUID lhgKVg-hi95-W9gw-wOkZ-uyuy-BgZp-RrsCcA LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size500.00 MB Current LE 125 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:04.分区格式化 #mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg1/work /或 #mkfs -j /dev/vg1/work#mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg2/study/.#dflDisk /dev/hda:8589 MB,8589934592 bytes255 heads,63 sectors/track,1044 cylindersUnits=cylindersof16065*512=8225280 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/hda1* 1 32 257008+ 83 Linux/dev/hda2 33 97 522112+ 83 Linux/dev/hda3 98 358 2096482+83 Linux/dev/hda4 3591044 5510295 5 Extended/dev/hda5 359 549 1534176 83 Linux/dev/hda6 550 848 2401686 83 Linux/dev/hda7 849 913 522081 82 Linux swap / Solaris/dev/hda8 914 978 522081 83 Linux/dev/hda9 979 1043 522081 83 LinuxDisk /dev/hdb:1073 MB,1073741824 bytes16 heads,63 sectors/track,2080 cylindersUnits=cylindersof1008*512=516096 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/hdb1 1 2080 1048288+5 Extended/dev/hdb51 2080 1048257 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/hdd:1073 MB,1073741824 bytes16 heads,63 sectors/track,2080 cylindersUnits=cylindersof1008*512=516096 bytesDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/hdd1 1 2080 1048288+ 5 Extended/dev/hdd51 2080 1048257 8e Linux LVM5.挂载新分区#mkdir./home/work./home/study#mount./dev/vg1/work./home/work#mount./dev/vg2/study./home/study#dfThFilesystem TypeSizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/hda2 ext3 494M 212M 257M 46% /dev/hda9 ext3 494M 45M 425M 10% /var/dev/hda8 ext3 494M 11M 458M 3% /opt/dev/hda6 ext3 2.3G 68M 2.1G 4% /home/dev/hda3 ext3 2.0G 1.7G