九年级英语第三单元知识点.doc

九年级英语上册第三单元知识点一、重要词汇 1go out with friends 和朋友一起外出 2. have part-time jobs 做兼职工作 3 choose ones own clothes 选择某人自己的衣服 4. spend time with friends 和朋友们共渡时光 5. at that age 在那个年龄6stay up 熬夜 7. get up early 早起8. learn a lot from each other 互相学到很多 9. on weekends在周末10in the past 过去 11. at present 现在 12. in the future 将来 13. old peoples home 养老院 14. get ones drivers license 拿到某人的驾照15. go to the mall with friends 和朋友们一起去商场 16. a good way to do sth. 做某事的好方法17. allow 允许，准许 (1) allow doing sth 允许做某事 Doctors dont allow smoking in the hospital .They dont allow parking here . (2) allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事Mom allows me to watch tv on weekends .Parents should allow their children to go out with their friends .My father doesnt allow me to drive a car .（3）be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事，获准做某事 May I be allowed to use this computer ？ They shouldnt be allowed to act like this . They asked to be allowed to see her . (4) be not allowed to do sth 不被允许做某事 People are not allowed to smoke here .18. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反” I didnt go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV. The boy didnt sing to the music , instead , he sang his own way . ( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作为代替”Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead .I dont like this one , please give me that instead .(3 ) instead of 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示 “ 代替, 而不是” I have come instead of my brother . He is ill . We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 电梯 ) . He studies in the evening instead of during the day .19. present ( 1 ) 礼物, 礼品 = gift Why not give him a card as a present ? what can I get him for a birthday present ? ( 2 ) 目前, 现在 Im sorry he is out at present .You have to forget the past and start living in the present .20. have get sth done 使某事完成， 让别人做某事 Ill have get my hair cut tomorrow . Since youre ill in bed , why not have get a letter written to your parents . Spring festival is coming . she has got a new coat made .21. decide 动词 , “ 决定 ” decide to do sth决定做某事 We decided to play soccer . decide on doing sth. 决定做某事 I decided on buying the house . decide + that + 从句 He decided that he would buy a new computer .decision 名词, “ 决定, 决心 ” make a decision 做决定 make a decision to do sth= decide to do sth = make up ones mind to do sth决定做某事I make a decision to study hard from now on .= I decide to study hard from now on .=I make up my mind to study hard from now on .22. 动词think 后面的that 从句如果是否定意义， 习惯上一般否定think , 而不是否定that 从句， 即形式上否定了think ， 而意义上却否定了that从句。这一现象称为否定前移。类似的还有believe , expect , suppose 等。I dont think we need worry about it .I dont think shes very good at it .I dont think I can get away at the moment .I dont believe hes a person of that kind .I dont expect it will rain tomorrow .23. agree , 动词， “ 赞同，同意”， 反义词是 disagree .(1) agree to do sth 同意做某事 My father agreed to go to see a movie with me on weekend .(2)agree + that 从句 Our teacher agreed that my answer was right . (3 ) agree with sb. 同意某人的观点 In the end he still cant agree with me . (4) agree to 后跟 表示提议、办法的词 He has agreed to our suggestion about the holiday . Have you agreed to the way of improving your English ?24. stop doing sth 停止做某事 （正在做的事） When the teacher came in, we all stopped talking . stop to do sth 停下来去做某事（ 停止第一件事去做第二件事） Im very tired . Lets stop to have a rest . On my way to school I stopped to buy a new pen .25. 表达年龄的方法 （1） 用句子表达 My sister will be 18 years old next year . When Edison was 12 years old he began to invent things . （2 ）用名词age表达 At the age of eight the boy began to read a lot of books . （3）用介词of 表达 He began to read a lot of books when he was a boy of eight .（4）用介词in表达不确切的年龄 in ones twenties 在某人二十多岁时 He began to live by himself when he was in his teens .26. So do we . 我们也是如此. 表示后者的情况和前者相同. do 要和前一个句子的动词相一致。也就是说 （1）前一句用了be 动词、情态动词，后一句也用be 动词、情态动词 Mr Zhang is from Beijing . So is Mr Liu . Lucy can speak good English . So can Lily . (2 ) 根据前一句的时态用同一时态的助动词。 I have to stay at home on school nights . So does my brother . He watched TV last night . So did she . Meimei will plant trees tomorrow . So will Kate . John has had breakfast . So has Tony .注意： 如果是表达否定意义，要用 Neither do we .或 Nor do we . 表示我们也不。 Im not allowed to go to the movies at night , neither is my brother . So we do . “ 确实如此 ”。 表示前一句话为事实。 - She is good at playing football . -So she is . -They won (赢 ) the football match . -So they did .27already (1) 用于肯定句， 表示“已经” I have already bought a grammar book . Before the test he has already tried to get the answers . （2） 用于疑问句，表示惊讶，意料之外。 The test hasnt begun . Have you got the answers already ? Have you opened the door already ? But the key is still in my pocket . yet （1）用于否定句，表示“ 还， 尚” the train hasnt arrived yet . I havent heard anything yet about the accident . （2）用于疑问句， 表示“ 已经” Is everything ready yet ? - Are you allowed to get your ears pierced yet ? -Not yet .28. fail 失败，不及格Your plans are sure to fail .Im unlucky and failed ( in ) the exam .fail to do sth 未能做某事 He failed to catch the early bus . Ive tried but I have still failed to see the success .fail (in ) an exam 考试不及格 She failed ( in ) the maths exam yesterday .29. be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 Our teacher is strict with us . be strict in sth 对某事要求严格 Mr Green is strict in his work .30. the other day 那天 the other morning那天上午 the other evening 那天晚上 the other week 那个星期 I met him in the park the other day . The teacher had a serious talk to me the other day .31. concentrate on sth 全神贯注于某事， 专心于某事 I cant concentrate on my homework with the TV on . I think teenagers shouldnt concentrate on computer games .32. be good for 对、有好处 Vegetables and fruit are good for health .be bad for 对、有坏处 Reading in the sun is bad for eyes .be good to 对 好 She is very good to us .be bad to 对 不好 The boss is bad to his workers . be good at sth= do well in sth 在某方面好, 擅长于某方面She is good at English and Chinese .= She does well in English and Chinese . be good at doing sth= do well in doing sth在某方面好, 擅长于做某事They are good at playing basketball . They do well in playing basketball . be good with 和 相处得好 Are you good with children ?33. both and 两者都、 （1）连接主语 （谓语动词用复数 ）： Both the boys and the girls in our school like this kind of game .（2）连接宾语 In the evening I often study both English and math . （3）连接状语 I want to improve my English so I have to work hard both in school and at home . 注意：类似词组还有 not onlybut also （不但、而且、）, notbut （不是、而是、 ）， eitheror ( 或者、或者、，要么、要么) neithernor ( 既不、也不、，两者都不、)这些词组在连接主语时， 谓语动词要由第二个主语来确定单、复数。 Either you or I am going to answer the question .34. volunteer (1) 名词 , “ 自愿者 ” As a volunteer, he always tries to help others . (2) 动词, “ 自愿 ” volunteer to do sth . 自愿做某事 Some graduates volunteers to teach children in mountain villages .35. have an opportunity a chance to do sth 有机会做某事，有做某事的机会 = have an opportunity chance of doing sth. I have never had an opportunity a chance to go abroad . You will have another chance opportunity to interview him . 36. experience (1)名词 经验, 不可数名词 ; 经历, 体验, 可数名词 Have you had any experience of fishing ? 你有钓鱼的经验吗? Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa ? 你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗? (2) 动词 经历, 感觉 The children experienced many difficulties this time . 这次孩子们经历了许多 困难.experienced 形容词 有经验的be experienced in at doing sth. = have much experience in at doing sth. 做某事很有经验.She is an experienced teacher .他是一个经验丰富的教师.He is very experienced in at repairing cars . 他修车很有经验.37. at least 至少、 He is at least 1.8 meters tall . They have at least 6 children .38. have off 休假， 放假 National Day is coming . We can have seven days off . off 和动词构成的短语： (1) turn off 关闭 If you dont want to turn off the radio you may turn it down . (2) keep off 远离 Keep off the grass . (3 ) pay off 还清，偿还 To this day she still cant pay off her debts ( 债务) 。 （4 ） jump off 跳下 He jumped off the horse and walked to the village . (5 ) get off 从、下来 Dont get off the bus until it stops .(6) take off 脱下（衣服、鞋、袜、帽）； （飞机）起飞 Take off your coat . Its warm in the room .The plane will take off in ten minutes .39. reply 指正式的，经过考虑后的答复 They asked the government to reply as soon as possible . answer 用法比较普遍，可指口头或书面的答复 I called , but no one answered . 表示答复某人， 用reply to sb .40. get in the way “ 防碍，挡道，使人不便” Her hobbies sometimes get in the way of her study . Dont listen to radios in class . That may get in the way of others . in a way 在某种程度上， Dont lose your heart . Your idea is great in a way .41. come true ( 希望等) 实现, 成为现实We believe our good wishes to her will come true .At last , his dream of coming to Beijing came true . come true 是不及物动词词组, 表示 “ ( 希望等) 实现, 成为现实 ”achieve是及物动词词组 , 表示 “ 实现 (希望, 梦想 ) ” He works hard to achieve his dreams . Hes sure his dreams will come true one day . Im sure he can achieve his dreams by hard working . = Im sure his dreams can come true by hard working . 42. against 介词, “ 反对, 不同意, 对抗, ” There were 20 votes (票) for him and 12 against him . They sailed against the wind .他们顶风航行. You need to wear a coat against the cold .你需要穿上外套防寒.We are going to play a basketball match against Class Two on Sunday .43. teach sb. sth. 教某人某事 Mr Hu teaches us English .teach sb. to do sth 教某人做某事 Can you teach me to swim ?teach oneself sth = learn sth by oneself . 自学、 He is teaching himself English . = He is learning English by himself .44the importance of 、的重要性He gets to know the importance of English .45. be serious about sth 认真对待某事 Are you serious about what you said ? be serious about doing sth 认真对待做某事，对于做某事是认真的 We are serious about affording to buy the house .46. practice (1 ) 动词，“ 练习，实践 ” practice sth After school we often see some children practice basketball . practice doing sth Its a good way to practice speaking English before a mirror . She practices playing the piano every morning . (2 ) 名词，“ 练习，实践” If you want to be a professional athlete , enough practice is necessary .She made up her mind to put her new ideas into practice .47. care about (1)用于肯定句， “ 关心” She thinks little about herself . she is always caring about others . （2）用于否定句和疑问句， “ 在乎，介意”，后接从句时，省略about Some parents never care about their childrens ideas . I dont care what he thinks . care for = take care of =look after 照顾 She didnt go to school and cared for her mother at home . take care 小心，当心 Its dangerous . Youd better take care .48. success 名词， “成功” succeed 动词， “ 成功” successful 形容词， “ 成功的” successfully 副词， “ 成功地” succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 I hope you can succeed in passing the exam . China has succeeded in holding the Olympics of 2008 . Last month they did a successful experiment (实验) . Failure is the mother of success . They finished building the bridge successfully . 二、含有情态动词的被动语态（1 ）被动语态的概念： 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的执行者，用主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。 主动语态 被动语态Workers make cars . - Cars are made by workers .Farmers grow rice . - Rice is grown by farmers .People plant trees . - Trees are planted by people . Americans speak English . - English is spoken by Americans . 通俗地讲: 人做事, 用主动语态; 事被人做, 用被动语态. 被动语态的基本框架 ：主语 + be 动词 + 过去分词 + by + 动作的执行者（2）含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 过去分词肯定句：主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 Young trees must be watered every day 否定句：主语 + 情态动词 + not + be + 过去分词 The book mustnt be lent to others .一般疑问句：情态动词 + 主语 + be + 过去分词 Can this work be finished in two days ?三. 被动语态的种类及其基本结构：（1）一般现在时的被动语态： am is are + 过去分词（2）一般过去时的被动语态： was were + 过去分词（3）一般将来时的被动语态： will be + 过去分词（4）现在完成时的被动语态： have has been + 过去分词（5）现在进行时的被动语态： am is are + being + 过去分词（6）含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 过去分词注意 各种被动语态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句的变化规律。四 主动语态转换为被动语态：（1）将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。如主动句的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2）将主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语。要将宾格变成主格，并由by引导。 关键：找准主动句的主干，即 主、谓、宾。 语序：主动语态的宾语 + 被动语态的基本结构 + 其它。(3 ) 部分练习（选择题）1. To make our city more beautiful , rubbish _ into the river . A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw2. These books _out of the reading room , you have to read them here . A. cant take B. mustnt be taken C. can take D. must be taken3. The old men and children _ in our country . A. must take good care of B. must be take good care C. must take good care D. must be taken good care of 4.- Computer is so useful . It can do almost everything ! -Yes, but it _ what to do . A. must be told B. will tell C. has to be known D. will know5. I think old people _ politely . -Thats right . A. speak B. can speak C. are speaking D. should be spoken to练 习一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1My mother doesnt allow me _ ( watch ) TV every day .2. Fifteen-year-olds should _( allow ) to choose their own clothes .3. I dont agree with _ ( them ) .4. Without driving license anyone cant be allowed _ ( drive ) .5. I agree we walk to school instead of _ ( take ) a bus .6. _ ( not ) dye ( 染) your hair , boys and girls .7. We should practice _ ( read ) English every morning .8. Last month they did a _ ( succeed ) experiment .9. You must take the chance of _ ( achieve ) your dream .10. Becoming a professional athlete is a very difficult dream _ ( achieve).11. you must be serious about _ ( learn) English .12. A professional _ ( run ) has to practice as much as he can .13. Everyone knows the _( important ) of working hard but .14. You may make _ ( decide ) for yourself with the help of your parents .15. Do _ ( sit ) down and have a look .16. He practices his hobby _ ( often ) than before .17. You may feel _ ( sleep ) if you stay up too late .18. What do I need _ ( do ) for the match ?二、句型转换1Children who are about fifteen years old shouldnt be allowed to smoke . _ shouldnt be allowed to smoke .2. I think they are free now . I _ think they _ free now .3. It seems that she doesnt know how to swim .She _ _ _ know how to swim .4. The boy began to sell newspapers when he was nine years old . The boy began to sell newspa