DevelomenbycauseandeffecPPT课件.ppt

6 CauseandEffect 1 TeachingAims 1 Typesof CauseandEffect paragraph2 Usefulexpressions3 Samples4 Quiz 2 1 Types Readandanalyzethetwosamplesinthetextbookandtellwhattypeofparagraphtheybelongtoandhowtheauthorarrangetheorderofthecausesandeffects 3 Sample1 Newwords recordcompany唱片公司version版本 形式botherdoingsth 费心Beethoven贝多芬symphony交响乐available可利用的 可得到的 4 Sample2 Newwords PuertoRican波多黎各emigrate移居 移民apartment一套公寓房间damp潮湿的undesirable不受欢迎的 不良的 不合意的 讨厌的 http upload wikimedia org wikipedia commons 5 53 CIA map Central America 26 Caribbean png 5 Typesofcauseandeffect 1 Onecause manyeffects 2 Oneeffect manycauses 3 Onecause oneeffect 3 Manycauses manyeffects 6 2 Usefulexpressions Cause Because since asowingto becauseof asaresultof Thereareseveralreasonswhy Thereasonsfor are Thereasonswhy areasfollows istheresultof iscausedby isdueto etc 7 Effect So therefore hence thus consequently forthisreason toleadto tocause toproduce tobringabout toresultin toresultfrom tobedueto tobecausedby inviewof asaresult hasanimpacton etc 8 Theusesofthesignalwords Heforgottoturnontheradioandthusmissedtheprogram Itisverylate henceyoumustgotobed Handmadeandhenceexpensive thehighprice Thetwocountrieswereonthepointofwarduetothediplomaticdisputes Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrolthelecturewascancelled 9 Itfollowsthatifyouworkhard youwillsucceed Hewasaskedtoleavetheplaceandaccordinglyhewent Itrainedyesterdayandinconsequencethematchwascanceled NowthatIamfree Icanenjoymusicforawhile Theiranxietywassuchthattheycouldnotsleep Thankstothebadweather thematchhadbeencancelled Thankstohiseffort itismoresuccessfulthanwehaveexpected 10 Seeingthatit sraininghard thefetewillprobablybecancelled Hetoldustokeepquietforfearthatwemightdisturbothers Shefailedtomeasuretheeffectofheractionsonherfamily Thisenvironmentaleffectofthisnewfactorycouldbedisastrous Suchamistakewouldperhapsleadto resultindisastrousconsequences Spaceshipmakeitpossibletotraveltothemoon 11 Sample1 ThereareseveralreasonswhysomanypeopleattendtheOlympicgamesorwatchthemontelevision Onereasonistradition ThenameOlympicsandthetorchandflameremindpeopleoftheancientgames PeoplecanescapetheordinarinessofdailylifebyattendingorwatchingtheOlympics Theyliketoidentifywithsomeoneelse sindividualsacrificeandaccomplishment Nationalprideisanotherreason andanathlete sorateam shardearnedvictorybecomesanation svictory Therearenationalmedalcountsandpeoplekeeptrackofhowmanymedalstheircountry sathleteshavewon Type Oneeffect manycauses 3 Samples 12 Sample2 Duringholidays thetrafficinbigcitiesisalwaysparticularlyheavy Thisismainlybecausemostcitizensdonothavetoworkinthesedaysandtheyridetheirbicyclestothestreetstodoshopping Farmersinthecountryalsofloodintothecitiesbybusorbytheirownmotorcycles Thestreetsarefullofbuses taxicabs trolleybuses minibusesandpedestrians Thestreetsseemnarrower Asaresult trafficjamsoftenoccur Type Oneeffect manycauses 13 Sample3 Inflationisaneconomicconditioninwhichpricesforconsumergoodsincrease andthevalueofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending Forexample inordertofinanceawarorcarryoutsocialprograms thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue thuscreatingadeficit Inordertooffsetthisdeficit theTreasuryDepartmentcansimplyexpandthemoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneytomeetthedebtsofgovernment Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollartoautomaticallydecrease Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods 14 Ifpeoplehavemoremoney theywillrunouttobuypopulargoodsliketelevisionsandcomputers forexample andashortagewillresult Industrywillthenproducemore athigherprices tosatisfydemand Furthermore ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathighinterestratestopayforthem Finally iflaborunionsdemandthatworkers wagesbeincreasedtocoverthehighcostofliving industrywillmeetthisdemandandaddothercostsofproductionontotheconsumer Insummary allofthesecausescancreateinflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation However ofthesethreecauses excessivegovernmentspendingmaybethemostimportant Type Oneeffect manycauses 15 TheEffectsofEatingTooMuchSugar Severalyearsago mostpeoplethoughtthatsugarwasarelativelyharmlesssweetenerwhichgaveapleasanttasteandprovidedasmallamountofenergy Therewaslittleconcernabouttheeffectsofeatingsugar Butinrecentyearsourconsumptionofsugarhasincreasedtremendously Inaddition someunpleasantandseriouseffectsofeatingsomuchsugarhaverisen Asthechartshowsthatexcessiveconsumptionofsugarcancontributetobloodsugarimbalanceandweightgain Oneofthemajoreffectsofeating Italsobringsabout Finally there snodenyingthefactthat Type Manyeffectswithonecause 16 Quiz Writeaparagraphofcauseandeffectonthefollowingtopicbelowusingeithercertaincauseandeffectpattern Wordlimit nomorethan120words Topic TheCausesofOverpopulationOr TheEffectsofOverpopulation 17 18 Sample1 CausesofOverpopulation DeclineintheDeathRate Thefallindeathratesthatisdeclineinmortalityrateisonefundamentalcausesofoverpopulation Owingtotheadvancementsinmedicine manhasfoundcurestothepreviouslyfataldiseases Thenewinventionsinmedicinehavebroughtintreatmentsformostofthedreadfuldiseases Thishasresultedinanincreaseinthelifeexpectancyofindividuals Mortalityratehasdeclinedleadingtoanincreaseinpopulation Thebrightersideofitisthatwehavebeenabletofightmanydiseasesandpreventdeaths Ontheotherhand themedicalboonhasbroughtwithit thecurseofoverpopulation 19 RiseintheBirthRate Thankstothenewdiscoveriesinnutritionalscience wehavebeenabletobringinincreaseinthefertilityratesofhumanbeings Medicinesoftodaycanboostthereproductiverateinhumanbeings Therearemedicinesandtreatments whichcanhelpinconception Thus sciencehasledtoanincreaseinbirthrate Thisiscertainlyareasontobeproudandhappybutadvancesinmedicinehavealsobecomeacauseofoverpopulation 20 Migration Immigrationisaprobleminsomepartsoftheworld Iftheinhabitantsofvariouscountriesmigratetoaparticularpartoftheworldandsettleoverthere theareaisboundtosufferfromtheilleffectsofoverpopulation Iftheratesofemigrationfromacertainnationdonotmatchtheratesofimmigrationtothatcountry overpopulationmakesitsway Thecountrybecomesoverlypopulated Crowdingofimmigrantsincertainpartsoftheworld resultsinanimbalanceinthedensityofpopulation 21 LackofEducation Illiteracyisanotherimportantcauseofoverpopulation Thoselackingeducationfailtounderstandtheneedtopreventexcessivegrowthofpopulation Theyareunabletounderstandtheharmfuleffectsthatoverpopulationhas Theyareunawareofthewaystocontrolpopulation Lackoffamilyplanningiscommonlyseenintheilliteratelotoftheworld Thisisoneofthemajorfactorsleadingtooverpopulation Duetoignorance theydonottaketofamilyplanningmeasures thuscontributingtoariseinpopulation 22 2020 1 3 23 Viewingtheissueofincreasingpopulationoptimistically onemaysaythatoverpopulationmeanstheincreaseinhumanresources Theincreaseinthenumberofpeopleistheincreaseinthenumberofproductivehandsandcreativeminds Butwecannotignorethefactthattheincreaseinthenumberproducersimpliesanincreaseinthenumberofconsumers Greaternumberofpeoplerequiresagreaternumberofresources Noteverynationiscapableofprovidingitspeoplewiththeadequateamountofresources Theever increasingpopulationwilleventuallyleavenonationcapableofprovidingitspeoplewiththeresourcestheyneedtothrive Whentheenvironmentfailstoaccommodatethelivingbeingsthatinhabitit overpopulationbecomesadisaster 24 Effectsofoverpopulation Whatimpactdoesoverpopulationhaveontheeconomy WhatimpactdoesOverpopulationhaveontheenvironment Whatimpactdoesoverpopulationhaveonpolitics 25 Overpopulationhasadefiniteeffectonacountry seconomy Firstofall whencountriesareoverpopulated wehardlyhaveenoughfoodtosupportthemselves nevermindthehopeofhavingasurplustosell ThiscancontributetoalowGDPperCapitawhichistheeffectoverpopulationhasontheeconomy Inanattempttosavethepeoplefromthestarvation thegovernmentwillmostlikelyhavetorelyonforeigndebt Thisputsthecountryindebtatstretchesthegovernment salreadymeagreresources Furthermore whenacountryisoverpopulated thereisahighrateofunemploymentbecausetherejustaren tenoughjobstosupportthepopulation Thisresultsinahighlevelofcrimebecausethepeoplewillneedtostealthingsinordertosurvive 26 Overpopulationdoesnotjustaffectthestandardofliving butalsotheenvironment Everypersonontheplanettakesupspace butspaceisneededforfarmland andforests Peopleexcretewastesandpollutionthatflowintowatersystems andanimalhabitats pollutingwater andkillingwildlife Manypeoplecannotbatheorbrushtheirteethbecauseofthestatusofthewaterintheirland 27 Forestsarebeingtorndownasmorewoodandlandisneededtosupportourever growingpopulation Thelossoftheseforestsleadstoextinctionofplantsandanimals Theseplantscouldcontaincuresfordiseasesthatwillneverbefound Urbanareasareexpanding pollutingtheairandwatersystems TheseareasdepletetheEarth sresources andover2billionhectaresofarablelandhavealreadybeenlost with16millionmorehectaresbeingremovedeachyear InNigeriaalone 351000haoflandarebeingremovedeveryyear 51 ofthefossilfuelsonEartharebeingusedbyUSAandChinaalone leavinglessthanhalffortheremainingcountries includingthoseinAfrica Infact mostofthoseremainingfossilfuelsgotootherdevelopedcountries leavingadismalamountforAfricans 28 Governinganoverpopulatedcountrypresentsproblems Theeconomyisstretchedbeyondbelief andcivilwarsbreakourleft right andcentre Thesecivilwarsarefoughtoverfarmland andthepeoplespendsomuchtimefighting thatthefarmlandisnotevenputtouse Importantfossilfuelsneedtobetradedawayforpitifulamountsofcashusedtonoavail Thegovernmentofanoverpopulatedcountryfallsintoconstantlyincreasingdebt andcannotclimbbackupoutoftheholetheyhavedug 29 Sample2 Wehaveabout6 8billionpeopleonatinyorbonly8 000mileswideand24 000milesincircumferencethatwecallEarth Weaddaboutamillionandhalfpeopletoourworldpopulationeveryweek Howhavewereachedthepointthatmanydescribeasglobaloverpopulation WhatisourPlanet scarryingcapacity Iszeropopulationgrowthdesirable orattainable Whatarethecausesandeffectsofhumanoverpopulation Hello 30 Thefamilyofhumans knownasthehominids haspopulatedEarth accordingtothefossilrecord for5to6millionyears Overtime weaccumulatedpeople 31 Theeffectsofhumanoverpopulationaremultipleandominous Asbirthratesclimb naturalresourcesgetusedupfasterthantheycanbereplaced creatingenormouseconomicpressuresathomewhilethestandardoflivingplummetsthroughouttherestoftheworld Astheresultofhavingsomanypeoplewhodonotunderstandourrealityanditsbehavioraldemands wehavecreatedaninterrelatedwebofglobalenvironmentalproblems Wearedepletingournaturalresources ourforests fisheries rangelands croplands andplantandanimalspecies Wearedestroyingthebiologicaldiversityonwhichevolutionthrives thisisbeingcalledthesixthgreatwaveofextinctioninthehistoryoflifeonearth differentfromtheothersinthatitiscausednotbyexternalevents butbyus 32 Withpowerfulnewelectricalanddieselpumpingtechniques wearedrainingouraquifersandloweringourwatertables Wearesystemicallypollutingourair water andsoil andconsequentlyourfoodchain Wearedepletingthestratosphericozonethatshieldsusfromharmfulultravioletradiation And weareexperiencingsymptomsofglobalwarming heatwaves devastatingdroughts dyingforests acceleratedspeciesextinction dyingcoralreefs meltingglaciers risingsealevels morefrequentandintensestorms andamorerapidspreadofdiseases 33 Whatisthesolutionforglobaloverpopulation Whatmustwedotoensurethatpopulationgrowthisnotoutofcontrol Theanswerliesineducation Wehumansareaveryyoungspecies Wehavebeenhereforonlyashorttime Wearelikeachildjustlearningtowalk Wefacegravechallengesthatdemandarapidshiftinourbehavior Ourteacherisourparent Ourparentisthenaturalworldfromwhichweemerged Ineveryway ineveryfacetofourexistence wemustlearntoalignourselveswiththatwhichsupportslife Thereisnoalternativeifwearegoingtoavoidcatastrophicconsequences 34 Withsomanyofusonaverysmallplanet andwiththeadditionofsomanymoreeveryweek wecannolongercontinuetorelatetoeachother ourenvironment ecologicalsystemsandbiosphereaswehaveorwewillsuccumbtotheeffectsofhumanoverpopulation Nature whichcouldnotcareless willeliminateus Wehumansmustgrowupandlearntowalk handinhandwitheachotherandwithournaturalworld Thereisnoalternativeifwewishtosustainhumanityandadvanceourcivilization 35 Analysis sample1 Thelargenumberofourpopulationhasbecomeoneofthemostseriousproblemsofoursociety Overpopulationhasbroughtaboutaseriesofnegativeeffectstooureconomicdevelopmentandsocialsecurity Inthefirstplace toomanypeopleimposeaheavyburdenonourenvironment So wesufferfromashortageoffreshwaterandnaturalresources Inthesecondplace asthesupplyoflaborgreatlyexceedsthedemandofsociety manypeoplebecomeunemployed Lastbutnotleast wehavetomanufactureallkindsofproductstomeettheneedsofthepeople whichcausesenvironmentalpollutiontoourlakesandland Seriousthoughtheproblemmayseem wehavetotakesomemeasurestotackleit 36 Sample2 Nowadays overpopulationhasbeenabigproblemThereareseveralreasonstocausethisproblem suchasthepolicy thetraditions andtheabundantamountofresources Therefore thepopulationbecomelargerandlarger Inapositiveview itprovidesenoughlaborstofactories However italsoleadstosomeproblems Overpopulationhasanimpactonenvironment Theheavypollutionmakespeoplesick Atthesametime peoplehavemuchmorepressurethanbefore Theygetfewopportunitiestoentercolleges theyneedtoimprovethemselvessothattheycangetabetterjob Buyingahousewithaproperpricemightbeadream trafficjamwouldbeanormalthing socialconflictswouldbecomesharpagain Asaresult thissituationmustbechanged 37 Sample3 Thereisalargepopulationintheworld Althoughtheearthhasvastterritoryandabundantresources theoverpopulationhascausedmanyproblems suchastheproblemofeducation theproblemofmedicaltreatmentandtheproblemofhousing Therearemanyschools hospitalsandhousesintheworld buttheyarestillnotenoughforthepeopletostudy attendandlivein InIndia afamilyof4peoplemayliveinasmallroomwhichislessthan20squaremeters Thetrafficjamisanotherbigproblem too Becauseoftheoverpopulation moreanmorecarshav