南京邮电大学高等函授.doc

南京邮电大学高等函授英语5学习资料dress -v. put clothes on (oneself or sb. else) (给)穿衣Will you dress the children?How long does it take you to dress?n.-clothing, esp. outer clothing 服装; an outer garment worn by women, girls, and babies 女装，童装In this old play, the actors wear the dress of 100 years ago.She prefers to design dresses for the children by herself. (be) dressed in 穿着 / dress up 穿上盛装，精心打扮instructions - clear and detailed information 用法说明；指示；指令 You mustnt take this medicine without doctors instructions. He gave me full instructions to enable me to find his house. Read the attached book carefully and follow the instructions when you set the washing machine to work.instruct -v. give orders or directions to; inform 指示，指导，通知 Mr. Lin instructed his students how to make the experiment.bring down - reduce; cause to fall 减少，降低He went on a diet and in three months brought down his weight to 100 pounds.Ill give you an injection to bring down the temperature. bring about 引起，实现 / bring through / bring up 提出；抚养，培养 / bring back 使回想起 if the fever - 华氏102 大约是摄氏39，人体正常体温一般为98.6（37 摄氏度） 华氏 104摄氏 40 avoid- keep or get away from; 避免，避开 I still felt guilty for that and tried to avoid him as much as possible. We avoided driving through large cities on our trip.be detached from -showing no interest in, be indifferent to 漠视，无动于衷，冷漠，不关心detach -v. to separate esp. from a large mass and usu. without violence or damage 分开，分离，拆开He detached his watch from the chain.Its difficult to detach the tyre from the wheelfollow -a) understand clearly 理解，听清楚 b) go or come after 跟随 c)take (as guide /leader / an example) 听从，遵循 d) engage in a business , trade, etc. 从事，经营 e) be necessarily true 作为必然的结果e.g. You are reading too fast for me to follow. 你读得太快，我听不清楚。 Monday follows Sunday. 星期天之后便是星期一。 The villagers still follow the customs of their grandfathers.村民们仍然沿袭他们祖先的习俗。 One is unable to follow the profession with a university diploma. 没有大学文凭就不能从事这种职业。 He is good, but it doesnt follow that he is wise. 他人好，并不见得就聪明。so far -up to the present 到目前为止，迄今为止 So far, so good. No other damages are reported so farwake up - When do you usually wake up? “醒来”最好用 wake (up) 或 awake ，不用 waken 和 awaken ；被动语态中“被唤醒”一般多用 wakened 或 awakened ；在比喻说法中多用 awake 和 awaken 。(would) rather - more willing 宁愿，宁可I would rather you come tomorrow than today.I would rather not go out tonight, if you dont mind.Id rather go by train than by car.Id stay at home and watch TV.The old man would rather live in the countryside than in the city.A : would rather + V - 表示选择，如果要说明对比的对象用：would rather + V +than + V -相同的动词常省略，意思是“宁愿-而不愿-”B 否定形式：would rather +not +V Id rather not see you tomorrow.C 疑问形式：would 提到句首 Would you rather have water than coffee?D : would rather + that clause 从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式是：a) 与现在事实相反 / 与将来事实相反-谓语用一般过去时b) 与过去事实相反-谓语动词用过去完成时，意思是“宁愿，倒希望”I would rather you came tomorrow than today.I would rather you didnt tell me about that.Id rather you started today.varnish- cover (sth.) with a smooth appearance 把光漆涂在上 / 光漆，清漆，油漆Dont sit on it. Ive just varnished it.He varnished the wooden table.Whats the best kind of vanish for the chair?I fell twice, hard -hard -“重重的”前以逗号隔开是为了强调说明“摔”的程度have -A -have + O + V-ed 分词所表示的动作通常不是句子主语完成的，而是别人执行的，即“使人或雇人替自己做” She has the windows cleaned every month.B -have + O + V-inga. Ill have you driving in three days. （表示预期的目标，常与将来时间短语或副词连用）b. If you dont put a fence round your garden, youll have people walking in and stealing your fruit.（不愿引起或造成的后果）c. I wont have you speaking like that about your father.C -have + O +V 表示不能容忍某事的发生，或不许某种行为，这时该结构仅限于用于否定结构和第一人称，即“ I wont /cant have + O +V-ing ” Have the next patient come in now please. I had everybody fill out a form.covey-a small flock or group 一小群（鸟）a high clay bank with overhanging brush- a small clay with bushes, weeds, and branches hanging over the edgeoverhang -hang over or stand out over 悬于 之上，突出于 之上，倒垂，倒挂 overhanging brush -倒垂下来的灌木丛out of sight - unable to be seen 看不见， 在视野之外I waved until the train went out of sight and then went home sadly.Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不想（谚语）scatter - a） go off in all directions 散开，使散开，驱散 The birds scattered at the sound of the gun. Mice scatter in all directions when a cat appears. The crowd scattered under the pressure of the police. The police scattered the crowd.b）throw /put in various directions 撒播，散布 They scattered the seeds. We scattered the rat poison around the floor. The books have been scattered all over the floor. He scatters money about as if he were rich.something like -about, approximately 大约，大概；有点像 The profits for this year have fallen by something like 20 per cent. Every day he walked something like two miles to school. The building looked something like a church.keepfrom - prevent oneself form doing sth.; stopWe must keep them from getting to know our plans.We must keep our city from being polluted.What shall I do to keep this from getting dirty?take it /things easy - dont worry; dont hurry; dont get excited or anxious 别紧张，别急，别太累Take it easy, there is no need to be nervous.Take it easy! There is no need to lose your temper.The doctor told him to take it easy and stop working so hard.I like to take things easy when Im on holiday.hold tight onto oneself -keep firm control over oneself 抑制、控制自己Jane was so frightened that she had to hold onto herself not to scream.You should remember to hold onto yourself when you become excited.He had a hard time holding onto himself. hold onto -v. seize, holdtightlyHold onto my arm on this icy surface.It was so windy that I had to hold onto my hat all the way along the street.Hold onto the rope and well pull you mence -v. 比 begin, start 正式，常用于 written English。 commence to do sth / commence doing sth The rainy season commence s in June here. We may now commence the meeting.die with / die of / die from -表示“死于” He died of / from / with lung cancer. His son died of smallpox. die down -变弱，逐渐消失 The film died down. They waited till the storm died down. The fire is dying down. Please get more coal. die out - 消灭，灭绝，绝迹 If too many of these rare animals are killed, their kind will die out.absolutely - certainly; completely Practice is absolutely vital to the mastery of a foreign language.gaze -look long and steadily 凝视The man turned his gaze from one person to the other in the room.They gazed at the stranger.amount to - develop into; be equal to 发展为，有成就；等于 不能用于被动，一般是否定形式，宾语通常是anything / little / much / nothing 等。 I dont think such a man can amount to much. 我认为这种人不会有什么作为。 The boy has no character, he will never amount to much. 这个男孩没有个性，因此他永远也成不了大器。 His answer amounted to a refusal. 他的回答等于拒绝。hostile - unfriendly; showing a great amount of dislike 敌对的，不友好的，不利的 These people were quite hostile to outsiders. 这些人对外来人颇有敌意。 People should not be hostile to any change. 人们不应该对任何改革都持敌视态度。 The American spokesman had made it clear that they are hostile to the reform.viewas -think of as; regardas将.视作 He viewed the whole thing as a joke. Computers are viewed as a great technological improvement which saves people much time and energy.escape - means of avoiding difficulties or responsibilities 逃跑，逃避；漏出，流出He has escaped from the prison.The explosion was caused by an escape of gas.For Tom, listening to classical music is an escape from reality. Gas escaped from the pipe. in much the same way that - in much the same way in which 此句型中， that 引导的是一个限制性定语从句，先行词为 the way, that 相当于 in which。in the same way that -just as 以同样的方式 He talked in much the same way that his father did.We like them in the same way that we like paintings.I did the job in the same way that you showed me.Mutton is cooked in the same way that beef is erfere with - hinder, affect, interrupt 干扰，妨碍The noise from the street interferes with my studies.You mustnt let pleasure interfere with you studies.The pillar interferes with the view.Nothing must be allowed to interfere with our plans for the weekend.决不允许任何事情妨碍我们的周末计划。researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers - researchers carried out experiments in which they interrupted the dreams of sleeperstry doing - make an experiment by doing sth. 试验，尝试 You should try using another method if this one doesnt work.try to do - make an effort; attempt to do sth. difficult 试图，设法，尽力 I once tried to learn French, but without much success.benefit - advantage; help; thing that produces good results 益处 World peace would be of great benefit to the whole world. 世界和平对全世界都十分有利。 Rebuilding the canal has brought many benefits to our national economy. The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor.They have trouble concentrating.- have trouble (in) doing sth. -做某事有困难 He had trouble (in) finding out what is wrong with his car. means - a method or way The quickest means of travel is by plane. by means of 通过，借助于 / be no means 决不 / by all means 想方设法go beyond - exceed, surpass 经过；超过；越过 The results of the experiment went beyond their expectation. Finding a job in such a big company has always been beyond his wildest dreams. You have gone beyond the speed limit. Slow down a bit or youll be fined.contribute to - help to bring about 促成，有助于 Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health. 新鲜空气和锻炼有益于身体健康。 His gambling contributed to his downfall. 他的败落与他的赌博不无关系。get along with -form /have a relationship with 与某人相处 He is easy to get along with. We dont get along with that family. He gets along well with his classmates.shape -v. 使成形，定形；发展，成形；塑造 The potter shaped the clay into a vase. 陶工把黏土捏成一个花瓶。 Our holiday plans are shaping up well. 我们的计划正在顺利地制定出来。 A good teacher helps shape a childs character. 一个好老师会帮助孩子塑造性格。 due to - caused by；because of; attributable to 由造成；由于；归于 His death was due to natural causes. Her success is due to good luck. The flight was cancelled due to the heavy fog.maintain - continue to believe and claim (that a fact, opinion, etc. is true) 断言；保持，维持，坚持；主张；维修，保养 We maintain our principle. 我们坚持原则。 He maintained that he was innocent of the charge. 他对这项指控坚称无罪。搭配： maintain prices 保持物价平衡 / maintain law and order 维持治安 / maintain the road 保养公路 turn out -(finally) become The slow-minded boy turned out (to be) a great scientist.go over - consider, examine, review Lets go over everything and find out where the trouble is. Every night, he would go over all he did during the day in his mind.tell -( 常与 can, could, be able to 连用) 辨别，分辨 Can you tell the difference between yellow wine and vinegar?have an effect on -对 有影响The typhoon last week had a harmful effect on the green vegetables in this field.上周的台风对这块地的青菜产生了不利的影响。Parents conducts have a significant effect on the children.Why not try? - Why dont you have a try? or: You may have a try.Why not?- is a very useful colloquial expression to introduce a suggestion. 口语中提建议的一种非常有用的表达方法。 Why not call Jane and ask her to come to have dinner with us? Why not borrow the book from the library, instead of buying it? believe in - 比较： believe / believe in - A -指相信某事的真实性（真的发生、真的存在）或某人的诚实（诚意）等。 Its hard to believe that she is only 25. They believed her to be innocent. B-则主要指对某事物有信仰，认为某事物是好的等。 He believes in ghost. / Some doctors believe in a low-fat diet. I believe in his theory. / Mary believes in eating carefully to control her weight.recommend - advise or suggest; speak favorably of 推荐，介绍；劝告，建议 He recommended me for the job. I recommend you to buy this dictionary. The doctor recommended limiting the amount of fat in your diet.go about - start working on, do 着手做 How does he go about building the boat? 他怎样着手造一条船？ He then went about getting the needing information. Its an easy job if you go about it the right way.soar -v. fly or go up high in the air; rise 翱翔，飞腾，飞翔，飞涨，大幅度上升，高耸入云The crane soared high into the sky. 鹤展翅飞上云天。Prices of vegetables soared in the wake of the typhoon. 台风过后，蔬菜价格直线上升。You can see blocks of soaring buildings in this city. 在这个城市，你可以见到一个又一个街区高耸入云的建筑。project - cause an image of (sth.) to be produced ( on a surface) 映，投射 The film was projected on to the screen. The tree projects a shadow on the grass.goal- what one wants to do or succeed in ; purpose; aim 目标 Their goal was to land a man on the moon and they made it. After a long and hard work, he finally attained his goal.attain - succeed in arriving at esp. after effort; reach 获得；达到She attained the position of director.His father promised to give him a new car when he attained the age of 18.impresson -将 印在 His words are strongly impressed on my memory. He impressed its importance on my mind. substitute - a person or thing acting in place of another 代替者；代用品 substitute A for B = substitute B with A We substituted red balls for blue balls, to see if the boy could notice. I would like to substitute her for Mary. He substituted for the worker who was ill.achievement - the act or fact of achieving; the thing achieved 成就He has broken two world records in one day, which is quite an achievement.his opportunities.be after - be in pursuit of, seek, try to obtain 追求，追赶，探求 The police are after him. 警方正在追捕他。 She is after a job in publishing. 她正在找一份出版业的工作。 What he is after is fame and wealth. 他所追求的是名和利。neglect - give too little care or attention to 忽视 He neglected his wife. 他忽视了他的妻子。 Dont neglect locking / to lock the door when you leave. 走的时候别忘了锁门。 He was fined for neglecting his duty. 他因玩忽职守而被罚了款。turn into - cause sb. or sth. to change into sb. or sth. different He is trying to invent a device to turn the suns heat into electricity. in combination with - 与 相结合 In combination with enough rest, the medicine will cure your cold in five days. In combination with correct guidance, hard work is the key to success in study. Their marriage is actually a combination of two families interest.set aside -留出，积攒，省出 He set aside some time to see his parents every month. I have a little money set aside for my holiday.by so doing -by doing so so -指代上一句的 setting aside a few minutes each day for day dreaming fellow - 同类的，同伴的，同事的，同阶级的 a fellow student 同学 / a fellow countryman 同乡、同胞 meet ones end -是死亡的委婉表达法 The spy was shot and met his end on the spot. 间谍被当场打死。He met his miserable end in a car accident when he was only 30. 他年仅30岁就惨死于一场车祸。 execute -v. killed by law; punish (sb.) by death （法律上）处决（某人） The robber was executed for murder. The man who murdered his wife was executed by shooting. 那个杀害自己妻子的凶犯被枪决了。dump - drop or throw down in a heap or mass 倾倒；扔下；丢弃 They dumped bags on the floor. The stolen car was found dumped in one of the side streets. dump sth 扔掉 / dump sb 甩掉，断绝关系string up -hung (sth.) high with strings; put to death by hanging 用绳吊起；吊死 The dead body was strung up from the ceiling. Small lanterns are strung up before every house at the Dead Return. They strung up the ham for the winter. pass into -change gradually into; become part of 逐渐变成；成为 . 一部分As we got higher up the mountain, the rain passed into snow.我们往山上越爬越高，雨也逐渐变成了雪。The deeds of these few brave men have passed into history.这几位勇士的事迹已成为历史的一部分。It is not known how many of the details of Mussolinis shabby end were communicated to the Fuehrer.-It is + adj. / Ved2 / Vi. + 主语从句（ that/wh- ）； it 代替wh- 从句时，谓语动词多用否定形式。It is not reported how many people were killed in the air crash.It is still uncertain when the plane is to take off.It hasnt been founded out if he is connected with the robbery.strengthen - cause (sb. or sth. ) to become strong(er) 加强 His visit is intended to strengthen ties between the two countries. His sarcastic ridicule (冷嘲热讽) only strengthened my resolve to learn English well.spectacle- an object of laughing or disrespect 引人鄙视的对象，洋相，出丑；壮观场面或景象 By arguing loudly with the policeman, he