轮机英语补充题.doc

轮机英语补充习题 夏进东1. There are four main types of marine engines: and the marine nuclear plant. A. the diesel engine, the steam turbine and dual-fuel engine B. the diesel engine, the steam turbine and the gas turbine C. the gas-diesel engine, the gasoline engine and the diesel engine D. the gasoline engine, the diesel engine and the steam turbine注：船用发动机有四种主要类型：柴油机、汽轮机、燃气轮机和船舶核动力装置，选B。2. In crosshead engines in good condition the cylinder oil consumption may usually be . A. bellow 0.1 g/hp. hr. B. above 10 g/hp. hr. C. below 1.0 g/hp. hr. D. zero注：十字头式柴油机在状态良好的情况下气缸耗油率低于1.0 g/hp. hr., 选C。3. The is the power available at the output shaft of the engine and can be measured using a torsionmeter or with a brake. A. electric power B. shaft power C. indicated power D. mechanical power注：轴功率是指发动机输出轴上可获得的功率，可以使用扭矩表或刹车来测量，选B。4. The greatest turbulence in a diesel engine cylinder is created by the . A. shape of the combustion chamber B. fuel injection spray pattern C. cylinder swept volume D. degree of penetration of the fuel oil droplets注：柴油机气缸内最大的湍流是由燃油液滴的穿透程度产生的，选D。5. The liquid flowing in the capillary is such that the difference in _ readings taken before the capillary and after it is related to the oil viscosity. A. pressure B. velocity C. flow rate D. temperature注：对于在毛细管内流动的液体，毛细管前后测取的压差与油的粘度有关，选A。6. The starting air bottle should be pumped up to maximum pressure by the _ before start of the engine.A. air compressor B. refrigeration compressorC. vacuum pump D. purifier注：在发动机启动前，应使用空压机将启动空气瓶打到最大压力，选A。7. The primary task of the compressed air system is to deliver the starting air necessary for _. A. starting the M.E. B. starting the emergency electric alternator C. driving the main turbine D. driving the turbocharger注：压缩空气系统的主要任务是为启动主机提供压缩空气，选A。8. Air compressor receivers should be “blown down” at least _. A. yearly B. quarterly C. monthly D. daily注：空气瓶应每天放残，选D。9. Starting air for auxiliary engines may be taken directly from the main reservoirs or through . A. an auxiliary reservoir B. a controlling air bottle C. an emergency air compressor D. a main air compressor注：辅机的启动空气可直接来自主空气瓶，也可来自辅空气瓶，选A。10. The air reservoirs must have _ fitted to prevent rupture in the event of fire.A. high pressure alarm B. fire alarmC. extinguishersD. fusible plugs注：空气瓶必须安装易熔塞，以防发生火灾时爆炸，选D。11. Air reservoirs are designed, built and tested similarly to _. A. boiler drums B. hot wells C. condensers D. evaporators注：空气瓶的设计、建造和试验类似于锅炉的锅筒，选A。12. When the prime movers of two paralleled generators are equipped with mechanical- hydraulic governors, and are operating within their designed range, the unit with the least amount of speed droop will _.A. pick up more of any increase in load B. pick up less of any increase in loadC. share an equal amount of any increase in load D. drop an equal amount of any decrease in load注：当两台并车运行的发动机的原动机装有机械液压式调速器，并在设计范围内运行，速度降小的装置将会承担更多增加的负荷，选A。13. Which of the following devices is a common basic element with nearly all mechanical governors?A. Power piston B. Control rackC. Weights acted on by centrifugal force D. Isochronous droop spring注：受离心力作用的飞重是几乎所有机械式调速器共有的基本部件，选C。14. The required amount in the change of speed necessary before a governor will make a corrective movement is known as _.A. speed droop B. sensitivity C. stability D. promptness注：在调速器能做出纠正动作之前所需要的速度变化量，称为灵敏度，选B。15. Which of the following devices is common to both mechanical and hydraulic governors?A. Direct linkage between the ball-head and fuel rack. B. A servomotor.C. A compensating device. D. Flyweights.注：对于机械和液压式调速器，飞重是共有的部件，选D。16. On most diesel engines, the governor controls the output speed by _. A. controlling the amount of fuel injected into the cylinders B. varying the speed of the turbocharger C. adjusting the compression ratio D. changing the timing of the fuel injection camshaft注：在大多数柴油机中，调速器是通过控制喷入气缸的燃油量来调节速度的，选A。17. The ability of the governor to prevent fluctuations in engine speed is termed _. A. sensitivity B. stability C. promptness D. speed droop注：调速器防止发动机速度波动的能力，称为稳定性，选B。18. Oil mist detectors are usually used on board to detect oil mist density within _. A. the engine crankcase B. the engine scavenge boxes C. drain tanks D. fuel tanks注：船上油雾探测器通常用于探测发动机曲轴箱内的油雾浓度，选A。1919. An auxiliary reservoir for starting auxiliary engines should be kept at _.A. low pressure at all times B. full pressure at all timesC. low pressure at intermittence D. full pressure at intermittence 138注：用于启动辅机的辅空气瓶，在任何时候都应保持在最大压力，选B。20. Sacrificial zinc anodes are used on the saltwater side of diesel engine heat exchangers to . A. reduce electrolytic action on heat exchanger metals B. keep heat transfer surfaces shiny and clean C. prevent rapid accumulation of marine growth D. provide a protective coating on heat exchanger surfaces注：在柴油机热交换器海水侧中，使用锌作为牺牲阳极，以减轻对热交换器金属的电解反应，选A。21. To check the setting of the overspeed trip on a diesel powered generator, you would use a _.A. tachometer B. torsion meter C. dynamometer D. pony brake 22注：检查柴油发电机的超速保护装置的设定值，可以使用转速表，选A。22. A viscous damper, as used on a marine diesel, is a sealed precision built device which dampens the torsional vibrations in the _.A. camshaft B. flywheel C. crankshaft D. thrust shaft 26注：船用柴油机的减振器是一种密封的精密制造的设备，用来减弱曲轴上的扭振，选C。23. The possibility of damage from operating a diesel engine at critical speeds is reduced by the use of_.A. an isochronous governorB. elastic engine mountsC. a vibration damper D. a cast iron bed plate with good flexible qualities 注：使用减振器可以减少柴油机在临界转速运行时产生损坏的可能性，选C。24. Load control on a diesel engine is accomplished by _.A. regulating the speed of the turbocharger B. rotating the fuel injector pump plungerC. regulating the speed of the fuel oil transfer pump D. changing engine timing注：柴油机负荷的控制是通过转动喷油泵柱塞来实现的，选B。2925. Electrically operated safety devices on auxiliary diesel engines function to stop the engine by _.A. increasing the volume of intake airB. shutting off the fuel supplyC. increasing the engine back pressureD. over-speeding the engine注：辅柴油机上的电力驱动安全装置能通过切断燃油供应使发动机停车，选B。3526. Engine protection by means of an alarm or shutdown control can be obtained with devices that are sensitive to _.A. temperature B. pressureC. engine speed D. all of the above注：通过报警和停车控制来实现发动机保护，可以通过感应温度、压力和转速的设备来获得，选D。27. With simple and reliable construction, convenient operation, less energy loss during drive and high propulsion efficiency, is the most common drive type and has found a wide application.A. direct driveB. indirect driveC. electric driveD. Z-drive注：由于具有结构简单可靠、操作方便、传动能量损失少和推进效率高的优点，直接传动是目前最常用的驱动方式，并已得到广泛的应用，选A。28. Latent heat changes the _ of water.A. physical state B. temperatureC. atmospheric pressure D. sensible pressure注：潜热改变水的物理状态，选A。3929. The amount of heat released by steam when it changes to water at the same temperature is called_. A. latent heat of condensation B. latent heat of vaporization C. latent heat of saturationD. sensible heat of condensation注：在同样的温度下，蒸汽变成水所放出的热量，称为冷凝潜热，选A。3930. A arrangement permits steam generation either by oil firing when the exhaust gas temperature fails due to slow running of the engines or exhaust gas cease when the engines are stopped or by using the engine exhaust gases when the ship at sea.A. water tube boiler B. fire tube boiler C. composite boiler D. auxiliary boiler注：当主机低速运行引起废气温度下降或主机停车造成废气中断时，组合式锅炉装置可以通过燃油来产汽，而当海上航行时可利用主机废气来产汽，选C。31. Another boiler configuration where an exhaust gas and an oil fired boiler are fully integrated is the .A. fire tube boiler B. composite boiler C. water tube boiler D. donkey boiler注：另外一种将废气锅炉和燃油锅炉完全组合在一个整体内的锅炉叫组合式锅炉，选B。32. A is a boiler where the water/steam side gets heat input both from the main engines exhaust gas and from an oil fired burner supplementing the heat input to produce the required steam.A. fire tube boiler B. auxiliary boiler C. water tube boiler D. composite boiler注：组合式锅炉是这样一种锅炉，水、蒸汽侧获得的热量来自主机的废气和燃油燃烧器补充输入的热量，用来产生所需要的蒸汽，选D。33. A very important type of maritime boilers is that typically is installed in the flu gas duct from the main engine to the stack utilizing the energy in the exhaust gas. A. fire tube boiler B. auxiliary boiler C. water tube boiler D. Waste Heat Recovery boiler注：一种非常重要类型的船用锅炉是废热回收锅炉，它主要安装在从主机到烟囱的排烟管上以利用废气中的能量，选D。34. A very important type of maritime boilers is that typically is installed in the flu gas duct from the main engine to the stack utilizing the energy in the exhaust gas.A. water tube boiler B. the exhaust gas boilerC. donkey boiler D. fire tube boiler注：一种非常重要类型的船用锅炉是废气锅炉，它主要安装在从主机到烟囱的排烟管上以利用废气中的能量，选B。35. A bypass line provided around a waste heat auxiliary boiler in a diesel engine exhaust system, may be used to avoid boiler _.A. corrosion at low engine loads B. erosion at high engine loadsC. overload at high engine loads D. scaling at all exhaust temperatures注：在柴油机排气系统中的废热辅锅炉周围装有旁通管路，可避免在柴油机低负荷时产生腐蚀，选A。36. The content of the boiler water is typically monitored by measuring the conductivity of the water with a meter.A. pH B. alkalinity C. water hardness D. chlorine注：可以通过仪表测量锅炉水的导电性来监控锅炉水中的含盐量，选D。37. Boiler water hardness is increased by .A. zero alkalinity in the water B. scale forming salts in the feedwaterC. dissolved gases in the waterD. improper operation of the DC heater注：给水中水垢形成的盐会增加锅炉水的硬度，选B。38. A is a machine used to raise liquids from a low point to a high point. A. pump B. diesel engine C. boiler D. generator注：泵是用来将液体从低处提升到高处的机械，选A。39. Under centrifugal pumps are the volute, diffuser, mixed-flow, axial-flow and _ or regenerative types.A. reciprocating B. hydraulic C. turbineD. vane注：离心泵有蜗壳式、导轮式、混流式、轴流式和旋涡式等类型，选C。5940. A pump can be designed for radial-flow, mixed-flow, or axial-flow operation. A. reciprocating B. gear C. centrifugal D. vane注：离心泵可设计成按径流式、混流式和轴流式工作，选C。41. Before disconnecting a joint in a pipeline, you should . A. determine the size of the gasket B. hang a bucket under the joint C. have a first aid kit on hand D. be sure no pressure exists in the line注：在脱开管路接头之前，你应该确保管路中没有压力存在，选D。42. Which of the valves listed will be cycled from fully open to fully closed when the handle is turned 90 degree? A. A rising stem gate valve.B. A globe stop valve. C. A check valve D. A butterfly valve注：当手柄旋转90度时，蝶阀将从全开转到全关，选D。43. Centrifugal pumps can be designed with a number of impellers _ to attain a high final delivery pressure.A. at two ends of the same shaftB. opposite each other C. in parallel D. in series注：离心泵可设计成若干叶轮串联的形式，以获得较高的排出压力，选D。3744. If the viscosity of the liquid being transferred remains constant as the discharge pressure increases, the rotary pump _. A. capacity will increaseB. capacity will decrease C. suction pressure will increaseD. suction pressure will decrease注：对于回转泵，随着排出压力的提高，如果被泵送液体的粘度保持恒定，泵的排量将减小，选B。7945. The usual symptoms of cavitation in a centrifugal pump is _.A. noise and vibrationB. an increase in discharge pressureC. an increase in suction pressure D. lifting of the relief valve注：离心泵气蚀的常见征兆是噪音和振动，选A。8446. is a process in which the temperature of a space or its content is reduced to below that of their surrounds.A. VentilationB. RefrigerationC. Air conditioning D. Heating注：使空间或空间内物体的温度低于它们的环境温度的过程称为制冷，选B。47. Which of the following conditions must exist for heat to flow from one object to another? A. The two objects must be in physical contact. B. The two objects must be the same size. C. There must be an existing temperature differential. D. There must be an existing weight differential.注：两种物体之间必须具有温差才能实现热传递，选C。7548. The rate of heat transfer from a hot region to a cold region is affected most by the _.A. size of the heat sinkB. temperature difference between the regionsC. size of the heat source D. total heat of the system注：从热源到冷源的传热率受两者之间的温差影响最大，选B。7749. Which of the following statements is correct concerning heat transfer?A. Heat is given off from a high temperature region known as a heat sink.B. Heat transfer rate is affected most by the size of the heat sink involved.C. Heat transfer rate is affected most by the temperature difference between the heat source and the heat sink.D. Heat transfer by radiation will occur only by mass motion of a fluid substance.注：从热源到冷源的传热率受两者之间的温差影响最大，选C。50. The rate of heat transfer between the hot and cold fluids passing through a shell-and-tubetype heat exchanger will _. A. remain constant along the tubes length B. be greatest in a single pass counter flow heat exchanger C. remain constant throughout the heat exchanger D. vary from section to section through out the heat exchanger注：流过壳管式热交换器的热、冷流体间的传热率在每一截面都是不同的，选D。8051. The temperature differential occurring between the inlet temperature of the fluid to be cooled and the outlet temperature of the cooling medium in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is greatest in which of the flow designs listed?A. Cross B. Parallel C. Counter D. Circular注：在壳管式热交换器的被冷却流体的进口温度与冷却介质的出口温度之间的温差在设计成逆向流动时是最小的，选C。 8152. is defined as the process of treating air to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and distribution to meet the comfort requirements of the occupants of the conditioned space.A. Air conditioningB. RefrigerationC. Heating D. Ventilation注：空气调节的定义是：处理空气同时控制其温度、湿度、清新度和分布来满足被调节空间居住者的舒适要求的过程，选A。53. are required to handle large quantities of water from which usually, small amounts of oil must be removed. Various features are necessary to aid removal of the oil from the large bulk of water particularly when the difference in densities is small.A. CentrifugesB. IncineratorC. Oily water separators D. Purifier注：油水分离器通常需要处理大量必须去除少量油的水。尤其是当密度差比较小的时候，需要有各种部件帮助从大量的水中去除油，选C。54. Grease the roller bearings with H.P. gun . In the sentence “H. P.” means _.A. horse powerB. high pressure compressorC. hand pumpD. high pressure注：用高压油枪给滚柱轴承加油脂，选D。6455. The is designed with a primary combustion chamber for burning sludge oil and/or solid waste, and two secondary combustion chambers for burning uncombusted exhaust gases.A. boilerB. separatorC. incineratorD. biological sewage treatment注：焚烧炉设计有一个主燃烧室用于燃烧渣油和/或固体垃圾，有两个副燃烧室用于燃烧没有燃烧的废气，选C。56. The heat from the of the incinerator will dry out and start burning the solid waste and/or ignite the sludge oil.A. secondary burner B. primary burner C. sludge tank D. funnel注：来自焚烧炉主燃烧器的热量将烘干并开始燃烧固体垃圾和/或点燃渣油，选B。57. If there is coming dark smoke out of the stack of the incinerator, what should you do?A. Open the air nozzles in the primary combustion chamber until it stops.B. Open the air nozzles in the secondary combustion chamber until it stops.C. Close the inlet and outlet valves for diesel oil.D. Close inlet valve for the pressurized air.注：如果焚烧炉的烟囱冒黑烟，你将怎么做？选A。58. If the exhaust gas temperature of the incinerator is too high, or if sparks are developed, what should you do?A. Close the inlet and outlet valves for diesel oil.B. Open the air nozzles in the secondary combustion chamber until it stops.C. Open the air nozzles in the primary combustion chamber until it stops.D. Close inlet valve for the pressurized air.注：如果焚烧炉的排烟温度过高或出现火花，你将怎么做？选B。59. The biological sewage treatment plant utilizes to completely break down the sewage into an acceptable substance for discharge into any waters.A. agitation functionB. bacteriaC. chemicalD. oxidizing function注：生活污水处理装置利用细菌将生活污水完全分解成排放到任何水域可接受的物质，选B。60. The biological sewage treatment plant uses a tank which is divided into three watertight compartments: an aeration compartment, and a chlorine contact compartment. A. chemical compartment B. settling compartment C. sludge compartment D. digest compartment注：生活污水处理装置使用一个可分为三个水密室的柜子，分别为：曝气室、沉淀室和消毒室，选B。61. are required to remove small quantities of water from a much large amount of oil. Additionally it must separate solids.A. IncineratorB. CentrifugesC. Oily water separatorsD. Incinerator注：分油机需要从大量的油中去除少量的水。此外，它必须能分离出固体，选B。62. Both fuel oils and lubricating oils require before passing to the engine.A. treatment B. heating C. cooling D. boiling注：燃油和滑油进入发动机前都需要进行处理，选A。63. is used to separate two liquids or a liquid and solids as in contaminated oil.A. Oily water separator B. Purifier C. Clarifier D. Centrifuge注：分油机可用于分离污油中的两种液体或一种液体和固体，选D。64. Where a centrifuge is arranged to separate two liquids, it is known as a .A. purifierB. clarifierC. liquid-separatorD. oily-water separator注：当分油机用于分离两种液体时，称为分水机，选A。65. Where a centrifuge is arranged to separate impurities and small amount of water from