uniwriingcauseandeffecPPT课件.ppt

ParagraphDevelopmentbyCauseandEffect 1 Observetheabovepictureandlistthecausesandeffectsofthephenomenon 2 Procedure Stepsforwritingacauseandeffectessay 1 Distinguishbetweencauseandeffect 2 Developyourthesisstatement 127 3 Findandorganizesupportingdetails 4 Usingappropriatetransitions Chronological 按年代顺序排列的 Orderofimportance Categorical 按类别顺序的 3 effectsThereforesoasaresult consequentlyaccordinglybecauseofthisThus henceforthisreasonresultin causesduetobecauseofowingtoasaresultofonaccountofforonthegroundofThroughBecausesinceasonthegroundthat TransitionalWordsandPhrases 4 常用于因果分析法的连接词because becauseof for sincedueto owingto thanksto asaresult of accordingly hence so thus therefore consequently forthisreasonForonething foranother Thefirstreasonisthat thesecondoneis Itismainly partly becauseof Itisnotthat butthat Itisnotbecause butbecause Thisiswhy 5 therefore consequently asaresult andforthisreason通常后面接逗号Theweatherwascold therefore Sallyclosedthewindow Theweatherwascold Therefore Sallyputonhercoat Theweatherwascold Consequently Sallyputonherscarf Ablizzardhitthetown Asaresult theschoolswereclosed Since because置于表示原因的句子前 句后用逗号 Becausetheweatheroutsidewascold Sallyclosedthewindow so前面的句子后加逗号Theweatherwaswarm soJimturnedontheairconditioner 6 高级句型 TwomajorfactorscontributedtodevastatingsummerfloodingalongtheYangtzeRiveranditstributaries First erosionresultingfromexcessivedeforestationintheupperreachesoftheriverand second heavysiltingwhichraisedtheriverbedinthemainchannel 两个主要因素导致了夏季长江及其支流的特大洪水 第一 过度砍伐引起的河流上游的侵蚀 第二 严重的泥沙淤积抬高了主干道的河床 Greedandatotallackofsocialconsciousnesshavebeencitedasmajorreasonsforthedramaticrisecorruption 人们认为贪婪和社会意识的彻底缺乏是造成腐败急剧增加的主要原因 7 Identifyingthereasonsforanemergingphenomenonwhichinvolvesseveralcomplicatedfactorsisfarfromaneasytask Forexample somescientistsattributeenvironmentaldeteriorationtoaseriesofnaturalfactors whileothersplacetheblamesolely 独自的 单独的 oninappropriatehumanbehavior 高级句型 8 要找到涉及许多复杂因素的新现象的原因远非一件易事 例如 一些科学家把环境的恶化归结为一些自然因素 而另一些人把责任都推在人类不适当的行为上 9 Theexplanationforthephenomenonoftherisingteenagesuiciderateinvolvesmanycomplicatedfactors Someattributetherisetoanoveremphasisonearlysuccess otherspointtomountingpeerpressure andstillotherstoconfusionoverchangingsocialvalues 对上升的少年自杀率的解释涉及很多复杂的因素 有的人把上升的原因归结为过分强调少年时期的成功 有的人指出是因为不断增长的同伴之间的压力 还有人认为是对不断变化的社会价值的迷茫造成的 高级句型 10 TrytorecitealltheusefulsentencestructuresIprovideyou 11 TypesoftheCause EffectPattern 12 CausalChain 13 Jim sfatherhasabadtemper andheoftenbeatsJim smotherandthekids familyviolence Jim smotherleavesJim sfather takingthechildrenwithher 14 WithonlyJim smother sincome thefamilyhaslessmoney sothefamilyexperiencesfinancialproblems Jim smothermovesinwithherboyfriendtohelpthefamilyfinances 15 Jimfeelsunwantedinhisnewhomeandrunsaway ahomelesschild 16 cause effect cause effect cause effect cause effect CausalChain themostimmediateeffect 17 18 Cause因 Effect果 19 PeerPressureSinceIattendcollege Ifeelmoreandmorepeerpressure WhileIusedtobeatopstudentinseniorhighschool andwasalwayspraisedbyteachersandenviedbypeers nowIfindtherearealotoftalentedpeersincollegeandIamtemporarilyandrelativelypoorinacademicperformance Therefore IfeelthatIhavechangedfromaherotoazero contemporary 20 Cause EffectRelation Topic peerpressure Effect 21 22 2020 1 3 23 Whathassparkedtheincreasinginterestinexercise Foronething peoplehavegainedagreaterawarenessoftheneedforphysicalfitness Foranother theconstantlyimprovingstandardoflivingenablesChinesepeopletopatronizetheincreasingnumberofrecreationalvenues Themainthingperhapscentersonthehealthcareandpsychologicalbenefitsexerciseprovides 什么引发了人们对锻炼越来越浓的兴趣 一方面 人们更加清楚地意识到保持身体健康的必要性 另一方面 不断提高的生活水平使中国人能够支付增加的娱乐支出 最主要的可能在于锻炼带来的保健和心理上的好处 高级句型 24 Effect Cause1 Cause2 Cause3 25 Cause EffectRelation Topic Mylearningexperienceinjuniormiddleschool Effect 26 27 Thedeepimpactofopeningtotheoutsideworldisreadilydiscernibleinanumberofareas theadoptionofmanyWesternhabits bothgoodandbad changingsocialandmoralvalues thetrendtowardsindividualism andtheintroductionofstate of the artconceptsandtechnology ThekeytoadoptingWesternwaycentersonacceptingthegoodandrejectingthebad 对外开放的深刻影响在许多方面都能看到 模仿西方的习惯 包括好的和坏的 改变社会和道德价值观 个人主义的趋势 引进已发展的概念和技术 采取西方方式的关键在于取其精华 去其糟粕 高级句型 28 因果型段落的结构 主题句 果 果因 型语段主题句 因 因果 型语段主题句 果 发展句分析因 再次归纳论点 果 因 果 型语段主题句 因 分析带来的影响 因 果 因 果 型语段 29 ThereisnolifeonEarth S1 Foronething Earth ssurfaceintheareaofManhattan 曼哈顿 iscomposedofsolidconcrete 混凝土 andnothingcangrowthere S2 Foranother theatmosphereisfilledwithcarbonmonoxide 一氧化碳 andotherdeadlygasesandnobodycouldpossiblybreathethisairandsurvive S3 topicsentence主题 S1 effect 果 S2 S3 cause2 因 cause1 因 分析 主题句 果 果因 型语段 30 Therapidlyemergingsexualrevolutionhasbeenaccompaniedbymanydisturbingtrends Perhapsthemostseriousconsequencescenterontherapidspreadofsexuallytransmitteddiseases STDs risingprostitutionandtheriseinAIDScases 伴随着迅速出现的性革命有很多令人烦恼的趋势 最严重的后果可能是性传染病的迅速蔓延 卖淫现象及艾滋病患者的增多 高级句型 主题句 因 因果 型语段 31 Thetwo dayweekendissincerelypopularwithcollegestudents Itoffersstudentsmoreleisuretimefortheirhobbiesandentertainments whichhelpthemrelaxcompletelyafterfive dayhardwork Italsorelievesthepressureonthemfromtoomanycoursesandassignments Therefore manystudentstrytoenjoythemselvesinmanyinterestingwayssuchasgoingcampingandhavingapotluckparty 主题句 果 发展句分析因 再次归纳论点 果 因 果 型语段 32 Althoughblackshad freedom inalegalsense mostofthemstilldidnothaveanyeducationoreconomicindependence Consequently theywerehelplesstoparticipatesignificantlyinthepoliticalprocesstotrytoimprovetheirstatus Exceptforfarmwork mostformerslaveshadnoskills Asaresult manyblackswentbacktoworkforthesamewhitepeoplewhousedtobetheirmasters 因 果 因 果 型语段 33 Tobrainstormandmakealistofpossiblecausesforthetopic Girlsdon tdoaswellinmathandscienceasboys Exercise 34 Phenomenon statistics graph Why Reasons Reason Significance Problem Thesis Causes Conclusion Reason Detail Detail 35 Girlsdon tdoaswellinmathandscienceasboys Thereareseveralreasonsforthis Thefirstandmostimportantreasonisthattheyaren tencouragedtoplaywithtoysthatbuildupinterestinmathandscienceproblemsandthatbuildskillsforproblemsolvingorunderstandinghowthingswork Girlsareencouragedtoplaywithtoysthatfosterlanguageandhumanrelationsskills Asaresult theycangrowupnotknowinghowanengineworksorhowtobuildamodelfromdirections Second studieshaveshownthatteachersdon texpectgirlstobegoodatmath Evenfemalemathandscienceteacherspaymoreattentiontoboysinclassandcallonboysmoreoften Becauseteachersdon texpectgirlstoexcel theydon ttryveryhard andsoongirlsarefarbehindboysinthesestudies Finally girlsdon thavemanyrolemodelstolookupto Manymathandscienceteachersarenotwomen especiallyinthelatergrades Whenthemediapicturemathematiciansandscientists theyusuallypicturemen Asaresult girlsaren tinspiredtochoosethesefieldsascareers 36 2020 1 3 可编辑 Howtowritecause and effectparagraph SoundReasoningorlogicWhendiscussingcausesandeffects makesureyouranalysisisoflogic YoumustnottakeitforgrantedthateventAcauseseventBsimplybecauseeventAoccursbeforeeventB Inotherwords youmustexplainclearlywhatreallybringsaboutaparticularresult 37 2020 1 3 可编辑 PossibleShi