英语听力缩写技巧大全.doc

。NoSignsExplanations1dtoday1oPeople, person2.dyesterday2LG:Ladies and Gentlemen3.dThe day before yesterday3SSociety, social4d.tomorrow4rGovernment5d.The day after tomorrow5Leader6mmonth6State, country, nation7.mLast month7WWork, employ8m.Next month8/Negative, Cross-out9yyear9UAgreement, contract, Treaty10.yLast year10力agriculture11y.Next year12Meeting, discussion12100013Me:I would like to say (point out, mention, etc.)131000,00014/end141000,000,00015D1, D2. D7Monday, Tuesday . Sunday通用符号示例NoSignsExplanations10Indicating future tense 1+Furthermore, in addition to, with, and11Right, correct, good, sure, certain, well-known2Negative meaning of anything12Outstanding, best, important3=Equal, the same as 13xWrong, bad, notorious4More than, bigger than, larger than, surpass5Fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior than14To, send to, submit to, transmit to, lead to6Because, owing to, thanks to, due to15From, bring back from, come from7Therefore, so, consequently, as a result16Rise, go up, ascend, skyrocket, increase8 within17Set, go down, descend, decrease, depreciation9Indicating past tense Word SuffixShort HandSamples tionnComposition Cmpn ismmSocialism Sm ableblMovable Movbl inggInteresting Interg calclEconomical Ecocl ianTechnician Techo常用缩略词示例AbbreviationsExplanationsAbbreviations ExplanationsADAdvertisementMEMOMemorandumamapAs many (much) as possibleMGRManagerasapAs soon as possibleMINMinimumCERTCertificateMKTMarketCOOPCooperationORDOrdinaryCO.Company, CorporationPLSPleaseDeptDepartmentPRODProductionEXCHExchangeRCVreceiveEXPLNExplainREPRepresentativeFLTFlightRPTRepeatFYRFor your referenceRSPONResponsibilityGDGoodSTDStandardGUARGuaranteeTELtelephoneIFMNInformationTHOThough, AlthoughIMPSImpossibleTKSThanksIMPTImportantTRDTradeINDIVIndividualWLWillI/OInstead ofWTWeightIOUI own youXLExtra LargeIVOIn view of LabLaboratoryal : 尽管 although bz: 商业 business co: 公司company com: 社团 communion edu:教育 education eg: 例子 fz: 财政finance in: 保险 insurance nz: 新闻news info: 信息，消息information infra: 基础建设infrastructure tr: 贸易trade tx: 税收 tax, taxation ag: 农业agriculture rec: 娱乐recreation ed: 教育education gym:体育馆 gymnasium congrats: 恭喜congratulations grad: 毕业生graduatesdoc: 医生doctor demo: 示范，表演 demonstration 听写，Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全Note-taking symbols and abbreviationsAbbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. 1）Symbols helpful in math - these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency 2）Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department 3）Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism 4）Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative 5）Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro= introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition 6）Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government 7）Use an apostrophe in place of letters. amt = amount contd = continued govt = government educatl = educational8）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions 9）Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting 10）Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. 11）Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. 12）Leave out unimportant words. 13）Leave out the words a and the. 14）If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. 15）Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = with