南京医科大学医学英语第一学期自测试卷.pdf

南京医科大学医学英语第一学期自测试卷 一 Part I Vocabulary 35 Section A Directions Choose the correct combining form prefix or suffix for each given word or phrase Then mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 Red A erythr o B leuk o C ocul o D poli o 2 Tissue A hist o B physi o C organ o D cyt o 3 3 Secrete A crin o B sin o C cec o D cis o 4 Blood A hem o B hormon o C hemi D hom o 5 Process of recording A graphy B graph C gram D graft 6 6 Knowledge A gnos o B kines o C norm o D gnath o 7 7 Instrument for measuring A meter B metry C scope D scopy 8 8 Pertaining to A ous B ar C eal D all of the above 9 9 Surgical repair A plasty B pexy C rrhaphy D plegia 10 Eat swallow A phag o B phas o C phen o D phall o 11 11 Skin A derm o B dem o C dent o D dors o 12 Surgical excision or removal of A ectomy B otomy C ostomy D plasty 13 Nourishment development A trophy B blast C clast D tripsy 14 Cartilage A chondr o B oste o C chrom o D crani o 15 Stomach A gastr o B stom o C stomat o D enter o 16 16 Straight correct A orth o B orch o C or o D opt o 17 17 Along the side of A para B peri C para D pro 18 Food nutrient A aliment o B ailment o C diverticul o D natr i 19 19 The central portion of the small intestine A jejun o B ile o C duoden o D enter o 20 The terminal portion of the large intestine A proct o B cec o C colon o D sigmoid o Section B Directions Choose the one that best completes the sentence or the best answer to the question Then mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 21 The substance that carries genetic features from parents to children is called A chromosome B chromatin C chromatoplasm D trait 22 The branch of study mainly applies the principles of the natural sciences especially biology and physiology to clinical medicine A biomedicine B cytology C cytochemistry D cytobiology 23 To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function Here the study of the body s structure is called A anatomy B physiology C embryology D histology 24 In a large percentage of patients with thymoma appears to be beneficial A thymectomy B thymotome C thymometry D thymometer 25 The process of building up complex materials protein from single materials is termed as A anabolism B catabolism C metabolism D synthesis 26 is a therapeutic procedure in which blood vessels are surgically repaired A Angioplasty B Angiography C Angiogram D Angitis 27 Asking the patient s medical history is followed by the general physical examination which includes measuring height and weight and taking blood pressure listening to the heart and lungs with a A stethoscope B stethograph C thermometer D baromter 28 The process of using ultra high frequency sound waves to form television images of internal organs and to detect the abnormalities of the body is termed as A ultrasonography B tomography C radiography D anatomy 29 Substances which do not allow the passage of x rays or other radiations are described as A radiopaque B radioactive C radiated D irradiated 30 Repeated infection smoking and other causes can damage the respiratory passageways and make them more susceptible infection A to B with C by D in 31 The gradual onset and long course of rheumatic fever makes it a n ailment A chronic B acute C subacute D subchronic 32 The asymptomatic carrier of communicable diseases can pass the diseases on to someone else without even knowing he has it Here the word asymptomatic means A exhibiting no symptoms of disease B without systemic diseases C having no systematical medical checking D totally healthy 33 Which of the following words means surgical excision or removal of the stomach A gastrectomy B gastrotomy C gastrostomy D stomatology 34 Which of the following words refers to the nontumorous enlargement of an organ or a tissue as a result of an increase in the size rather than the number of constituent cells A hypertrophy B hyperplasia C dystrophy D atrophy 35 We call the condition of an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood A hypoglycemia B hyperglycemia C hypertension D hypotension Part II Reading comprehension 40 Directions Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A B C and D Passage one Hello everybody In our session last week we talked about symptoms of heart disease T oday I would like to address something else about it As heart disease continues to be the number one killer in the United States researchers have become increasingly interested in finding the potential risk factors that trigger heart attacks High fat diets and a life in the fast track have long been known to contribute to the high incidence of heart failures But according to new studies the list of risk factors may be significantly longer and quite surprising Heart failures for example appear to have seasonal and temporal patterns A higher percentage of heart attacks occur in cold weather and more people experience heart failure on Monday than on any other day of the week In addition people are more susceptible to heart attacks in the first few hours after waking Cardiologists first observed this morning phenomenon in the mid 1980s and have since discovered a number of possible causes An early morning rise in blood pressure heart rate and concentration of heart stimulating hormones plus a reduction of blood flow to the heart may all lead to the higher incidence of heart attacks between the hours of 8 00 am and 10 00 am In other studies both birthdays and bachelorhood have been implicated as risk factors Statistics reveal that heart attack rates increase significantly for both females and males in the few days immediately preceding and following their birthdays And unmarried men are more at risk for heart attacks than their married counterparts Though stress is thought to be linked in some way to all of the above risk factors intense research continues in the hope of further understanding why and how heart failure is triggered 1 What does the passage mainly discuss A Seasonal and temporal patterns of heart attack B Risk factors in heart attacks C Cardiology in the 1980s D Diet and stress as factors in heart attacks 2 2 According to the passage which is NOT a possible cause of many heart attacks A Increased blood pressure B Decreased blood flow to the heart C Lowered heart rate D Increase in hormones 3 3 In which part of a day are people more liable to heart failures A In the morning B At noon C In the evening D In the first few hours of sleeping 4 4 Which of the following is NOT cited as a possible risk factor A High in cholesterol B Conjugal infection C Eating fatty foods D Being under stress 5 5 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage A We now fully understand how risk factors provoke heart attacks B We do not fully understand how risk factors trigger heart attacks C We recently began to study how risk factors trigger heart attacks D We have not identified many risk factors associated with heart attacks Passage two First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse temperature a clear airway and breathing In minor emergencies first aid may prevent a victim s condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain First aid must be administered as quickly as possible In the case of the critically injured a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life First aid measures depend upon a victim s needs and the provider s level of knowledge and skill Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do Improperly moving a person with a neck injury for example can lead to permanent spinal injury and paralysis Despite the variety of injuries possible several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies The first step is to call for professional medical help The victim if conscious should be reassured that medical aid has been requested and asked for permission to provide any first aid Next assess the scene asking other people or the injured person s family or friends about details of the injury or illness any care that may have already been given and preexisting conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet or card that describes special medical conditions Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury do not move the victim First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life threatening conditions exist One method for evaluating a victim s condition is known by the acronym ABC which stands for A Airway is it open and clear B Breathing is the person breathing Look listen and feel for breathing C Circulation is there a pulse Is the person bleeding externally Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems 6 First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT A saving a victim s lif e B relieving a victim from pain C helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury D preventing a victim s condition from getting worse 7 Before we administer first aid to a victim it is very important for us A to take him to a hospital at once B to make sure what to do and what not to do C to remove the ring or bracelet he may be wearing D to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid 8 In administering first aid to a victim you should first of all A examine him carefully B remove him from the accident scene C call for professional medical help D turn him over 9 You may assess a victim s condition by all the following EXCEPT A examining whether the airway is open and clear B checking whether there is a pulse C looking listening and feeling for breathing D replacing his medical bracelet or card 10 The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader A some basic facts about first aid B the importance of protecting the accident scene C what professional medical help is D who can administer first aid Passage three Vaccination is one of medicine s cleverest tricks making the body believe it is sick and thus causing it to marshal 集结 just the right forces to ward off that particular sickness The development of this practice stands as a twentieth century accomplishment but its roots reach far back into the past Centuries ago the Chinese and the Turks knew enough to produce a medicine against smallpox by grinding up the scabs of people with mild cases of the disease In 1796 Dr Edward Jenner found he could induce resistance to smallpox by using the vaccination virus vacca is Latin for cow to infect people with the relatively mild cowpox But it was Louis Pasteur working a century later who did the research that finally gave the field of immunology the creative boost that would propel it to the forefront of modern medicine In 1985 Pasteur produced a rabies 狂犬病 vaccine without actually realizing that he was enhancing the body s own immune system he knew only that the vaccine worked But what was the infectious agent that vaccine fought Could it have been a bacterium In Germany in 1982 Robert Koch had shown that just such a germ caused tuberculosis Microscopic parasites with similarities both to plants and animals bacteria were certainly the cause of much human misery But they were not to play the starring role in the vaccine history The first awareness of virus a microorganism even stranger than the invisible bacteria and like nothing else ever known before came in 1898 when Martinus Willem Beijerinck discovered a minuscule tiny living thing he described with a name virus derived from the Latin for poisonous slime 粘泥 A virus is really no more than a protein bag carrying its own set of generic instructions A virus cannot reproduce on its own It must attach itself to a cell impregnate the cell with viral genes and then parasite as it is turn that cell into a reproductive machine for the virus s benefit The body for the most part is able to recognize these viruses as foreign invaders by the signature proteins on their surface It then attacks them with antibodies and sends killer cells to destroy the cells that have already been infected If the immune system is overwhelmed by the invasion the body becomes sick and may die If the body wins then its immune system keeps a record of this particular enemy and is better prepared to resist the next time Sometimes the immunity is lifelong 11 Which of the following is the best title for this passage A The Power and Promise of Vaccines B Medical Breakthroughs of the 19th Century C The Fight Against Bacterial Infections D How Human Immune System Works 12 The Chinese and the Turks are examples of cultures that A mistook bacteria for viruses B identified viruses by name C were almost eliminated by viral diseases D employed early forms of vaccination 13 Viruses cause all of the following EXCEPT A smallpox B cowpox C rabies D tuberculosis 14 According to the passage bacteria are like viruses in that they A are parasitic B cannot reproduce on their own C have been virtually eradicated D played a major role in the discovery of vaccines 15 The italicized word signature in the third paragraph most nearly means A official B dangerous C identifying D invisible Passage four Communicable means capable of being transmitted or passed through a medium A communicable disease is an infection that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another The primary objective of programs for the prevention and control of communicable diseases is to prevent the transmission or spreading of the disease by eliminating conditions supportive to infection Since communicable diseases are caused by microorganisms the process of infection can be avoided or reversed by eliminating microbial sources destroying the infectious organisms creating conditions unfavorable to the growth of infectious microorganisms and building up the body defenses against microbial attack Any measure designed to control or protect anyone from the hazards of the infectious microbes in the environment is called a barrier The use of barriers is based upon three factors time distance and shielding Time refers to avoiding prolonged exposure distance refers to keeping away from the infectious source and shielding refers to avoiding bodily contact when exposure cannot be avoided wearing a mask The specific plan for selecting barriers in cases where infection exists and for preventing the occurrence of infection is dependent on the characteristics of the causative microorganism s All of these microbes have a certain structure a specific way of digesting foods a system for utilizing oxygen or the oxidation reduction processes and a technique for reproducing These microbes are classified by similarities in life characteristics Therefore the approach to prevention and control of communicable disease is to eliminate environmental sources or to identify the kind of organisms by characteristics and alter their life processes in order to protect human beings from attack 16 Infectious diseases are communicable because they A can cause disease B attack human beings C cannot be controlled by barriers D spread from one source to another 17 The approach to controlling communicable diseases differs from the approach to prevention of disease in that A transmission has occurred but there is no infection B infection has not occurred and sources are being eliminated C an infectious source exists and could be spread D transmission cannot occur because there is no medium 18 A barrier that represents shielding would be A looking at a baby through a nursery window B isolating a child with a cold C using a stick to pick up infected material D short visits with a friend who has pneumonia 19 Having knowledge of the characteristics of an infectious microorganism helps in the prevention and control of communicable disease in that it A establishes whether or not the organism is a hazard B determines