被动语态讲解-公开课.ppt

被动语态 初中被动语态的奥秘 中考必考的重点语法 语态 表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系 英语有两种语态 即主动语态和被动语态 主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者 如 ManystudentsstudyEnglish 主动语态 Englishisstudiedbymanystudents 被动语态 语态 我每天吃苹果 Ieatappleseveryday Applesareeatenbymeeveryday 苹果每天被我吃 他杀鸡Hekillschicken Chickeniskilledbyhim 鸡被他杀了 Beastcatchestheprincess 怪兽抓了公主Theprincessiscaughtbybeast 公主被怪兽抓走了 人们读名著PeoplereadgreatbooksGreatbooksarereadbypeople名著被人们读 Theyplantflowers 他们种花 花被他们种 Flowersareplantedbythem Heplaysbasketball 他打篮球 篮球被他打 Basketballisplayedbyhim 主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语 3 把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语 by短语可以省 by短语后跟代词的宾格 口诀 主变宾 宾变主 谓语动词变be done bytheteacher Theteacheroftenaskshimquestions He isasked questions 一般现在时被动语态的构成 主语 am is are 及物动词的过去分词 动词过去分词的构成规则 与动词过去式构成规则一样 1 一般在动词原形末尾加 ed lookedplayed 2 结尾是e的动词加 d livedused 3 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词 先双写这个辅音字母 再加 ed plannedtripped 4 结尾是 辅音字母 y 的动词 先变 y 为 i 再加 ed study studied carry carried 1 speakspokespoken2 useusedused3 makemademade4 writewrotewritten5 growgrewgrown6 plantplantedplanted7 produceproducedproduced8 askaskedasked9 planplannedplanned10 sendsentsent11 buildbuiltbuilt12 inviteinvitedinvited 请写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 sing sang sung build built built 把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子 1 TheyspeakEnglishinCanada English 2 Peopleusewoodformakingtables wood 3 ThemakecomputersintheUSA Computers 4 TheygrowriceinSouthChina Rice EnglishisspokeninCanada Woodisusedformakingtables ComputeraremadeintheUSA RiceisgrowninSouthChina 中考链接 1 TheOlympicGameseveryfouryears 17年新课标版 32 AareheldB wereheldCareholdingD willhold2 TodayChinese bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld 17年北京真题 35 A wasspokenB isspokenC spokeD speak 例如 苹果每天被我吃 昨天苹果被我吃了 苹果正在被我吃 昨天九点苹果正在被我吃 明天这个苹果将要被我吃 这个苹果应该被我吃 被动语态的时态 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的 be是什么时态 全句就是什么时态 be动词后面的过去分词不变 表格 被动态基本结构 am is aredone was weredone am is arebeingdone was werebeingdone shall will begoingtobedone wouldbedone have hasbeendone hadbeendone 此外 情态动词也有被动语态 结构为 情态动词 be done1 Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes 2 AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow 同上 English byalotofpeopleinChinanow canbespoken 1 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm bythemlastterm 2 一般过去时的被动语态结构 was were 过去分词 lastyear 2 Weplantedmanytreeslastyear Manytrees wereplanted Tencomputers werebought Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow Theyusedthisroomforresting Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem 3 一般将来时的被动语态结构 willbe 过去分词 1 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays bythemintendays Thework willbefinished 2 Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow Theroom willbecleaned by Tom tomorrow Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon 4 含有情态动词的被动语态结构 can may must should be 过去分词 1 AmycantakegoodcareofGina byAmy Gina canbetakengoodcareof 2 Youshoulddrinkmorewater Morewater shouldbedrunk byyou 5 现在进行时的被动语态的结构 is am are being 过去分词 1 Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow bysomeworkersnow Therooms arebeingpainted 2 HeiswatchingTV TV isbeingwatched byhim 6 现在完成时的被动语态的结构 have has been 过去分词 1 Wehavemadetwentymorekeys byus Twentymorekeys havebeenmade 2 Wehavefinishedourcompositions Ourcompositions havebeenfinished byus 填空 完成被动语态填空 1 Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool 改为被动语态 Theirclassroom often bythemafterschool 2 LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek 同上 Anewpen Tomlastweek is cleaned wasgivenby Practice 3 AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow 同上 English byalotofpeopleinChinanow 4 IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears 同上 English forabouttwoyears 5 Theywillpublishthesestory booksnextmonth 同上 Thesestory books nextmonth canbespoken hasbeenlearned willbepublished 6 Anotherman madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek 济南市中考题 anotherman madesatelliteintospacelastweek 变主动语态7 Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear Trees bypeopletherelastyear 青岛市中考题 8 Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm Thevegetables onthefarm 上海市中考题 Theysentup wereplanted aregrown 中考题 1 Insomecountries tea withmilkandsugar A isservingB isservedC servesD served2 Greatchanges inmyhometownsince1980 A havebeentakenplaceB tookplaceC havetakenplaceD weretakenplace 3 Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto inthreeyears A turnoutB beturnedoutC hasturnedoutD havebeenturnedout4 Thewomanmurderedherfriendand to A wassentenced deathB sentencing dieC sentenced deathD sentenced die 被动语态专项练习 选择填空 18 Thenewplay intheatrenow Whydon tyougoinandseeit A isbeingshownB isshowingC isshownD shows19 Canyoutell A whendidithappenB whenwasithappenedC whenithappenedD whenitwashappened 20 thejob byLucyorbyJohn Tellmethetruth please A Has finishedB Has beingfinishedC Is finishD Has beenfinished 肯定句 主语 be 过去分词 by 否定句 主语 benot 过去分词 by 一般疑问句 Be 主语 过去分词 by 特殊疑问句 疑问词 be 主语 过去分词 by 被动语态的几种句型 bymanystudents English isstudied bymanystudents English isnotstudied 1 Ourschool in2002 开办 2 Theyoungtreesmust well 照顾 3 thisbuilding 建成 lastyear 4 Thebook 写 byhimlastyear 5 Thebridge 不建造 in1989 6 The29thOlympicGameswill 举行 inUKin2012 wasopened belookedafter Was built waswritten wasn tbuilt beheld 完成下列句子 把下列句子变成被动语态 Acarknockedhimdownyesterday 2 Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam 3 WhenIgotthere theywerecuttingupafallentree Afallentreewasbeingcutup whenIgotthere Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo Practice 4 We llputontheplaynextSunday 5 Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool 6 Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear 如 1 Hegavemeabook Iwasgivenabookbyhim 以I做主语 AbookwasgiventomebyTom 以物book作主语 2 HeteachesusEnglish WearetaughtEnglishbyhim 以人当主语 Englishistaughttousbyhim 以物作主语 被动语态的几种类型 1 带双宾语句子的被动语态 指物的宾语叫直接宾语 指人的宾语叫间接宾语 常见的接双宾语的动词有 to pass give teach show bring handfor make buy draw sing get 以 人 当主语时 变法和一般的变法一样 以 物 当主语时 在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for keep make三类的动词常常有宾语补足语 在被动语态中 宾语补足语位置不变 Wekeepfoodfreshinthefridge 主谓宾宾补 Foodiskeptfreshinthefridge Isawhimgointotheofficebuilding Hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding 2 含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 不及物动词没有宾语 因此没有被动语态 但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后 其作用相当于及物动词 可以接宾语 因而也可以变为被动语态 在变成被动语态时 不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词 Theytakegoodcareofmychild Mychildistakengoodcareof Iturnedofftheradio Theradiowasturnedoff byme 3 含有短语的主动语态变被动语态 下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式 不需再加 bybecoveredwith 用 覆盖着beinterestedin 对 感兴趣besurprise