英国文学 复习资料.doc

1. oral literature epic Beowulf 口述文学作品 史诗 第一部 贝尔武甫 Alliteration, the Middle Ages, the Middle English, Romance 头韵 中世纪 Geoffrey Chaucer Father of English Poetry 杰弗雷乔叟 英国诗歌之父The Canterbury Tales, pilgrim, the heroic couplet, iambic pentameter坎特伯雷故事集 朝圣者英雄双韵体 抑扬格五音步 双行押韵诗2. William Shakespeare Bard of Avon 威廉莎士比亚 艾芬河的吟游诗人 Tragedies: Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet(or Tragicomedy/Romance); 悲剧： 哈姆雷特 李尔王 奥赛罗 麦克白 罗密欧与朱丽叶 Comedies: Midsummer Nights Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Twelfth Night; 喜剧：仲夏夜之梦 威尼斯商人 皆大欢喜 第十二夜Dramatic Romance: The Tempest 戏剧性的浪漫：暴风雨；blank verse soliloquy, (Shakespearean) sonnet, rhyme scheme无韵诗 独白 （莎士比亚）十四行诗， 韵律abab Melancholy，conflict, climax 忧郁 冲突 高潮3. Francis Bacon, essay, prose, Essays, Utopia, plain style, parallelism, balance and opposition. 弗朗西斯培根 论文，散文，随笔 乌托邦 风格质朴，排比、平衡和反对Knowledge is power知识就是力量4. the Age of Prose, Enlightenment, reason, Neo-Classicism 散文时代， 启蒙， 推理，新古典主义John Donne, Metaphysical School, conceit约翰邓恩， 玄学派 别出心裁的比喻 John Milton, Puritanism, epic, grand style, Paradise Lost约翰弥尔顿，清教，史诗般的宏大风格，失乐园Daniel Defoe, Father of English Novel, adventure fiction, Robinson Crusoe丹尼尔笛福，英国小说、冒险小说之父，鲁滨孙漂流记Jonathan Swift, satire, irony, A Modest Proposal, Gullivers Travels, human nature, Yahoos 乔纳森斯威夫特，讽刺文学，反语，一个小小的建议，格列佛游记，人性，各种野蛮5. Romanticism, individualism, symbolism, image, ballad, Lake Poets, Poet Laureate浪漫主义，个人主义，象征主义，意象，民谣，湖畔派诗人，桂冠诗人William Blake, Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience威廉布莱克，天真之歌，经验之歌William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey威廉华兹华斯，柯勒律治，罗伯特骚塞nature, Lyrical Ballads, emotion recollected in tranquility自然，抒情歌谣，“平静中回忆起来的情感”6. George Gordon Byron (Lord Byron) , Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, Don Juan, Byronic Hero拜伦（Lord Byron），Childe Harolds的圣朝，唐璜，拜伦式英雄Percy Bysshe Shelley, To a Skylark, Ode to the West Wind, prophecy雪莱的致云雀，西风颂，预言John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale. Beauty is truth, truth beauty.约翰济慈的希腊古瓮颂，夜莺颂。美是真理，真理之美。”7. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Emma, 简奥斯丁，傲慢与偏见，艾玛free indirect speech, dialogue/conversation, wit, irony, gentry, love and marriage自由间接引语，对话/交谈，机智，反讽，绅士，爱情与婚姻Charlotte Bront, Jane Eyre夏洛蒂勃朗特简爱feminism, autobiography, Bildungsroman(novel of education), first-person narrative，女性主义，自传，Bildungsroman（教育小说），第一人称叙事8. Charles Dickens Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities，Great Expectations查尔斯狄更斯，雾都孤儿、双城记、远大前程 Critical Realism, serial, semi-autobiography, Gothic romance, sentimentalism, character sketches, satire, humanitarian, morality. 批判现实主义，连载小说，半自传，哥特式的浪漫、感伤、人物素描、讽刺、人道主义的故事，道德9. Alfred Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate阿尔弗雷德丁尼生，桂冠诗人Robert Browning, Elizabeth Browning, Pippa Passes, Dramatic Lyrics, My Last Duchess, 罗伯特勃朗宁，伊丽莎白勃朗宁，琵琶凋谢，戏剧抒情诗，“我最后的公爵夫人”，dramatic monologue, first person narrative, irregular, colloquial戏剧独白，第一人称叙事，不规则，口语化Matthew Arnold, literary critic, loss of faith, Dover Beach阿诺德，文学评论家、信仰缺失、多佛海滩10.Thomas Hardy, Wessex, Tess of the DUrbervilles, Jude the Obscure哈代的威塞克斯，德伯家的苔丝、德伯家的苔丝、无名的裘德Fatalism, Naturalism, pessimism, tragedy, symbolism, novels of character and environment宿命论、自然主义、悲观主义、悲剧、象征主义、人物与环境小说11. Oscar Wilde, Aestheticism, Art for arts sake奥斯卡王尔德，唯美主义“艺术至上主义”comedy of manners, satire, irony, paradox, epigram, witty dialogues, The Happy Prince, The Picture of Dorian Gray, The Importance of Being Earnest, The Ballad of Reading Gaol. 风尚喜剧，讽刺文学、反讽、悖论、警句、机智的对话、（电影）快乐王子、道林格雷的画像，不可儿戏，瑞丁监狱之歌。George Bernard Shaw, Nobel Prize, problem plays, discussion, Mrs. Warrens Profession, Pygmalion萧伯纳，诺贝尔奖，问题剧，讨论，沃伦太太的职业，卖花女12. Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness 约瑟夫康拉德,黑暗之心T.S.Eliot, Nobel Prize, modernism, allusion, The Hollow Man, The Waste Land诺贝尔奖，现代主义，典故，“空心人”、“荒原”W.B.Yeats, Nobel Prize叶芝，诺贝尔奖 Irish Literary Revival, mysticism, spiritualism, gyre, symbolism, A Vision, free verse .爱尔兰文学复兴，神秘主义，唯心主义，环流，象征主义，“愿景”，自由诗13. James Joyce, Dubliners乔伊斯的都柏林人Araby, Ulysses, stream of consciousness, interior monologue, anti-hero, paralysis, epiphany.“阿拉伯半岛”，尤利西斯，意识流，内心独白，平凡的主角，麻痹症状群，对事物真理的顿悟。14.Virginia Woolf, Bloomsbury Group, feminism, Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, flashback 弗吉尼亚伍尔芙，布卢姆斯伯里，女权主义，Dalloway夫人，到灯塔去，倒叙D.H.Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, Lady Chatterleys Lover劳伦斯，儿子与情人，查泰莱夫人的情人E.M.Forster, A Room with a View, A Passage to India福斯特，看得见风景的房间，印度之行（电影）William Golding, Nobel Prize winner, Lord of the Flies威廉戈尔丁，诺贝尔奖得主，苍蝇王Doris Lessing, Nobel Prize winner, The Golden Notebook多丽丝莱辛，诺贝尔奖获得者，金色笔记本一Geoffrey Chaucer：生平son of a wealthy London vinter, well-educated (English, Latin, Italian, and French),a page侍从 in the court,an official in the government,married a woman of rank,Buried in Westminster Abbey西敏寺,First writer entombed in Poets Corner. 1. The French period (1360-1372): imitation and translation of French poetry.2. The Italian period(1372-1386):influenced by Boccaccio 3. The English period(1387-1400)The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集His masterpiece, a snapshot and panorama of the Middle Ages. Father of English Poetry. pilgrim朝圣者, the heroic couplet, 英雄双韵体iambic pentameter五步抑扬格oral literature, epic, 贝奥武夫Beowulf, alliteration头韵2 William Shakespeare,生平Father: a burgher市民, a well-to-do glove maker who became an alderman市议员.Education: the grammar school.Experiences:Went to London in 1585-1592 holding horses at a theatre;served in the army; became an actor and playwright later. Bard of Avon吟游诗人Tragedies悲剧: Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth麦克白, Romeo and Juliet(or Tragicomedy/Romance); Comedies喜剧: Midsummer Nights Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like 皆大欢喜, Twelfth Night第十二夜; Dramatic Romance: The Tempest暴风雨（传奇诗）blank verse无韵体, soliloquy内心独白sonnet十四行诗, rhyme scheme, melancholy忧郁哀思conflict, climax 成就Most quoted writer in the world(37/38/39 plays, two narrative poems and 154 sonnets).Diversity of speech from common men to philosophers.His creative use of the language: over 15,000-17,000 words used in his writing, 10% new inventions.He focused on creating “human” characters with psychological complexity.3 Francis Bacon, 生平Born in London to learned and wealthy parents.Very poor health from a young age caused the need for homeschooling.Brought up in humanistic context. Schooled on medieval,中世纪 Latin-based cause. Three main goals: Serve his country, serve his church, and discover truth.关键词：essay, prose, Essays, Utopia, plain style, parallelism, balance and opposition. Knowledge is power.empiricism实证主义inductive method归纳法Deductive method演绎法四the Age of Prose散文时代18世纪, Enlightenment启蒙运动, Neo-Classicism新古典主义John Donne, Metaphysical School玄学派, conceit夸张的比喻，奇思John Milton, Puritanism清教主义, epic, grand style华丽的风格, Paradise Lost失乐园Daniel Defoe, Father of English Novel, adventure fiction, Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记Jonathan Swift, satire讽刺文学, irony, A Modest Proposal, Gullivers Travels格列佛游记, human nature, Yahoos野人Irony反语, Sarcasm,Satire,Lilliput小人国,Brobdingnag大人国,Laputa飞岛,Houyhnhnms慧骃国,prose satirist散文讽刺作家 Poet Laureate桂冠诗人5 Romanticism, individualism, symbolism象征, image, ballad民谣, Lake Poets, ode颂William Blake, Songs of Innocence天真之歌, Songs of Experience经验之歌William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, nature, The Prelude 序曲 Lyrical Ballads, 抒情歌谣集emotion recollected in tranquility六George Gordon Byron (Lord Byron) , Childe Harolds Pilgrimage恰尔德哈罗德游记, Don Juan唐璜, Byronic HeroPercy Bysshe Shelley, 生平noble family，Eton，Oxford，The Necessity of Atheism. 无神论致云雀To a Skylark, 西风颂 Ode to the West Wind, prophecy，Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯A Defence of Poetry 诗辩John Keats, 希腊古瓮颂 Ode on a Grecian Urn, 夜莺颂Ode to a Nightingale. Beauty is truth, truth beauty.七Jane Austen,England to the family of a clergyman. realistic novels .Neoclassical新古典 Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感 Persuasion劝导Pride and Prejudice, Emma爱玛, Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺free indirect speech自由间接话语, dialogue/conversation, wit智慧, irony, gentry上流社会, love and marriageCharlotte Bront, Jane Eyre简爱, feminism, autobiography自传, Bildungsroman(novel of education), first-person narrative8.Charles Dickens:（一）作品： Oliver Twist,David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations:Period of steadily intensifying pessimism, showing underlying tone of bitterness, loss of hope for English bourgeois society.（二）风格： Critical Realism, serial, semi-autobiography, Gothic romance, sentimentalism感情主义, character sketches, satire, humanitarian, morality （三）主题：1.personal development and growth 2.the influence of changing environment 3.social problems 4.social class 5.crime 6.morality 7.The moral themes of Great Expectations, affection, loyalty and conscience, are more important than social advancement, wealth, and class.9 Alfred Lord Tennyson：别称：Poet Laureate Robert Browning：（一）妻子：Elizabeth Browning（二）作品： Pippa Passes, Dramatic Lyrics, My Last Duchess：Written in the heroic couplet，dramatic monologue.（三）风格：dramatic monologue, first person narrative, irregular, colloquial，spoke for the lively and optimistic spirit of his time. Matthew Arnold（一）风格： literary critic, loss of faith,（二）作品：Dover Beach10 Thomas Hardy：（一）作品： Wessex, (Tess of the DUrbervilles：Background: 1.Thepassingawayofthe sturdy and traditional 2.Tess as the victim of many forces: moral code v.s. moral conduct justice v.s. mercy,3. the problem with modernism:It portrays “the energy of traditional ways and the strength of the forces that are destroying them”. Hardy describes modern farm machinery with infernal imagery.) Jude the Obscure The Dynasts（诗剧epic drama）（二）风格：Fatalism, Naturalism, pessimism, tragedy, symbolism, novels of character and environment11 Oscar Wilde：（一）风格：Aestheticism, Art for arts sake, comedy of manners, satire, irony, paradox, epigram, witty dialogues, （二）作品：The Happy Prince,The Picture of Dorian Gray, The Importance of Being Earnest（comedy of manners）, The Ballad of Reading Gaol George Bernard Shaw：（一）成就：Nobel Prize （二）风格：problem plays, discussion （三）作品：Mrs. Warrens Profession, Pygmalion12 Joseph Conrad：Heart of Darkness，The lagoonT.S.Eliot：（一）成就：Nobel Prize（二）风格：modernism, allusion, 作品：The Hollow ManThe Waste Land W.B.Yeats：（一）成就：Nobel Prize（二）背景： Irish Literary Revival,（三）风格： mysticism, spiritualism, gyre, symbolism, free verse （四）作品：A Vision(五)风格变化：early works reflect three themes: nature, the struggle for Irish independence, and his unrequited love for Maud