七大句子成分与五大基本句型.doc

。七大句子成分与五大基本句型 Part 1 句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语1. 主语：主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2. 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。谓语分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成； 复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语：宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”， 一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。“物植人间”4.表语：在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。系动词不用于被动语态。“怎么样” 常见的系动词：be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc. 5.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。 【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。6.状语：用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式, 伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：He is old enough to go to school7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。随堂练习讲出划线部分的句子成分：1 Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2 I have a lot to say on this matter. 3 Please give me some advice. 4 She is quite all right now. 5 A lonely person is always alone.6 A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.7 To travel abroad, one must have a passport8 He has brought back a book reporting on animal life. 9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow. 10. Isnt it wonderful that the Chinese Team won? Part 2 基本句型基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)(1) 第一基本句型 主+谓 S+V I teach. (2) 第二基本句型 主+系+表 S+V+PI am a teacher.(3) 第三基本句型 主+谓+宾 S+V+O I teach English. (4) 第四基本句型 主+谓+间宾+直宾 S+V+IO+DO I teach you English. (5)第五基本句型 主+谓+宾+宾补S+V+O+C I encourage you to learn English better. 课后习题 分析句子结构:1What you said made me happy. 2Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? 3After he finished his homework, he went away. 4. He likes pop music. 5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered the hall yesterday that will have taught all of us both En