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AIRFORCEUNIVERSITYOFENGINEERINGFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESS SectionB Unit1 CultureShock CultureShock Liketheotherskillsforyouruse theskillintroducedinthisunitdoesrenderyoubetterableinreading Thispracticeisdesignedtohelpyougetadeeperinsightintotheskillforthisunit ReadingSkills 随笔 阅读实践 ReadingfortheMainIdeainaParagraph Beingabletodeterminethemainideaofaparagraphisoneofthemostusefulreadingskillsyoucandevelop Itisaskillyoucanapplytoanykindofreading Themainideaofaparagraphisthethoughtthatispresentthroughouttheparagraph Inawell writtenparagraph mostofthesentencessupport describe orexplainthemainidea Writersfrequentlyusethefirstsentenceofaparagraphtostatethemainidea asisclearfromthefollowingexampletakenfromTextA ReadingfortheMainIdeainaParagraph 随笔 阅读实践 Consequently weworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime Weproduceasteadyflowoflabor savingdevices wecommunicaterapidlythroughfaxes phonecallsoremailsratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts whichthoughpleasant takelonger especiallygivenourtraffic filledstreets We therefore savemostpersonalvisitingforafter workhoursorforsocialweekendgatherings Para 5 Weworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime 随笔 阅读实践 However themainideasentencemayalsooccurinotherplaces inthemiddleorattheendofaparagraph LookattwomoreexamplestakenfromTextA 随笔 阅读实践 Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock ithasbeensaid Timeistreatedasifitweresomethingalmostreal Webudgetit saveit wasteit stealit killit cutit accountforit wealsochargeforit Itisapreciousresource Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson shourglass theycannotbereplaced Wewanteveryminutetocount Para 2 It Time isapreciousresource Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock ithasbeensaid Timeistreatedasifitweresomethingalmostreal Webudgetit saveit wasteit stealit killit cutit accountforit wealsochargeforit Itisapreciousresource Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson shourglass theycannotbereplaced Wewanteveryminutetocount Para 2 随笔 阅读实践 Americansbelievenoonestandsstill Ifyouarenotmovingahead youarefallingbehind Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching experimentingandexploring TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully theotherbeinglabor Para 1 TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully theotherbeinglabor Americansbelievenoonestandsstill Ifyouarenotmovingahead youarefallingbehind Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching experimentingandexploring TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully theotherbeinglabor Para 1 随笔 阅读实践 Pleasenoticethatsometimesthereisnosentenceintheparagraphthatdirectlystatesthemainidea Thatdoesn tmeanthatthereisn tamainideaintheparagraph onlythemainideaisimplied Inthesecases youhavetowriteasentencetosumupthemainideaoftheparagraph 随笔 阅读实践 随笔 阅读技巧 Directions AsyoureadTextB writedownthemainideaforsomeoftheparagraphsinyourownwords 1 Doyouthinkstudyinginadifferentcountryissomethingthatsoundsveryexciting Areyoulikemanyyoungpeoplewholeavehometostudyinanothercountrythinkingyouwillhavelotsoffun Certainly itisanewexperience whichbringstheopportunitytodiscoverfascinatingthingsandafeelingoffreedom Inspiteoftheseadvantages however therearealsosomechallengesyouwillencounter Becauseyourviewsmayclashwiththe 随笔 阅读技巧 differentbeliefs norms valuesandtraditionsthatexistindifferentcountries youmayhavedifficultyadjustingtoanewcultureandtothosepartsoftheculturenotfamiliartoyou Thisiscalled cultureshock Atleastfouressentialstagesofadjustmentoccurduringcultureshock Para 1 Studyinginadifferentcountryisanewexperience buttherearealsosomechallenges 随笔 阅读技巧 2 Thefirststageiscalled thehoneymoon Inthisstage youareexcitedaboutlivinginadifferentplace andeverythingseemstobemarvelous Youlikeeverything andeverybodyseemstobesonicetoyou Also theamusementoflifeinanewcultureseemstohavenoending Para 2 Thefirststageofculture shockadjustmentis thehoneymoon 随笔 阅读技巧 3 Eventually however thesecondstageofcultureshockappears Thisis thehostilitystage Youbegintonoticethatnoteverythingisasgoodasyouhadoriginallythoughtitwas Youbecometiredofmanythingsaboutthenewculture Moreover peopledon ttreatyoulikeaguestanymore Everythingthatseemedtobesowonderfulatfirstisnowawful andeverythingmakesyoufeeldistressedandtired Para 3 Thesecondstageofcultureshock thehostilitystage eventuallyoccurs 随笔 阅读技巧 4 Usuallyatthispointinyouradjustmenttoanewculture youdevisesomedefensemechanismstohelpyoucopeandtoprotectyourselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshock Onetypeofcopingmechanismiscalled repression Thishappenswhenyoupretendthateverythingisacceptableandthatnothingbothersyou Anothertypeofdefensemechanismiscalled regression Thisoccurswhenyoustarttoactasifyouareyoungerthanyouactuallyare youactlikeachild Youforgeteverything and 随笔 阅读技巧 sometimesyoubecomecarelessandirresponsible Thethirdkindofdefensemechanismiscalled isolation Youwouldratherbehomealone andyoudon twanttocommunicatewithanybody Withisolation youtrytoavoidtheeffectsofcultureshock oratleastthat swhatyouthink Isolationisoneoftheworstcopingmechanismsyoucanusebecauseitseparatesyoufromthosethingsthatcouldreallyhelpyou Thelasttypeofdefense 随笔 阅读技巧 Atthispoint somedefensemechanismsaredevisedtoprotectyourselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshock mechanismiscalled rejection Withthiscopingmechanism youthinkyoudon tneedanybody Youfeelyouarecopingfinealone soyoudon ttrytoaskforhelp Para 4 随笔 阅读技巧 5 Afteryoudealwithyourhostilefeelings recognitionofthetemporarynatureofcultureshockbegins Thenyoucometothethirdstagecalled recovery Inthisstage youstartfeelingmorepositive andyoutrytodevelopcomprehensionofeverythingyoudon tunderstand Thewholesituationstartstobecomemorefavorable yourecoverfromthesymptomsofthefirsttwostages andyouadjustyourselftothenew 随笔 阅读技巧 Thethirdstageofcultureshockadjustment recovery starts norms values andevenbeliefsandtraditionsofthenewcountry Youbegintoseethateventhoughthedistinctionofthecultureisdifferentfromyourown ithaselementsthatyoucanlearntoappreciate Para 6 随笔 阅读技巧 NewWords 1 QuestionsPreviewing 2 PassageReading 3 ChoiceMaking 4 TextB 自测 技巧 随笔 阅读理解 问题预览 课文阅读 NewWords NewWords 随笔 阅读理解 问题预览 课文阅读 NewWords 随笔 阅读理解 问题预览 课文阅读 NewWords 随笔 阅读理解 问题预览 课文阅读 NewWords 随笔 阅读理解 问题预览 课文阅读 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 课文阅读 QuestionsPreviewing Directions Foryoutobebetterconditionedforreadingasfastas100wordsperminute asrequiredinthenewtypeofexamination FastReading TextBcanservetobeyourfast readingmaterial But forthispurpose thebestcourseofactionistoknowwhattoscanforinyourskimming Thus thetrickistokeepinyourmindthekeywordsofeachquestionbeforeyoustartoff Thatiswherethe QuestionPreviewing comesin QuestionsPreviewing 1 AccordingtoParagraph1 studyinginadifferentcountrymeans 2 Inthehoneymoonstage 3 Whenyouareinthehostilitystage youtrytofeelbetterby 4 Inthewriter seyes onemustbecautiousevenwhenoccasionallyusingoneofthedefensemechanismsbecausetheypreventonefrom 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 课文阅读 QuestionsPreviewing 5 Afteryoudealwithyourhostility 6 Inthethirdstage yourecoverfrom 7 Inthefinalstageofcultureshock youfeelgoodaboutthenewculturebecause 8 Youlearnmoreaboutyourselfwhen 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 课文阅读 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 CultureShock Para 1aDoyouthinkstudyinginadifferentcountryissomethingthatsoundsveryexciting Areyoulikemanyyoungpeoplewholeavehometostudyinanothercountrythinkingyouwillhavelotsoffun Certainly itisanewexperience whichbringstheopportunitytodiscoverfascinatingthingsandafeelingoffreedom Chinese Question1 Para 1bInspiteoftheseadvantages however therearealsosomechallengesyouwillencounter Becauseyourviewsmayclashwiththedifferentbeliefs norms valuesandtraditionsthatexistindifferentcountries youmayhavedifficultyadjustingtoanewcultureandtothosepartsoftheculturenotfamiliartoyou Thisiscalled cultureshock Atleastfouressentialstagesofadjustmentoccurduringcultureshock Chinese Question1 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 2Thefirststageiscalled thehoneymoon Inthisstage youareexcitedaboutlivinginadifferentplace andeverythingseemstobemarvelous Youlikeeverything andeverybodyseemstobesonicetoyou Also theamusementoflifeinanewcultureseemstohavenoending Chinese Question2 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 3Eventually however thesecondstageofcultureshockappears Thisis thehostilitystage Youbegintonoticethatnoteverythingisasgoodasyouhadoriginallythoughtitwas Youbecometiredofmanythingsaboutthenewculture Moreover peopledon ttreatyoulikeaguestanymore Everythingthatseemedtobesowonderfulatfirstisnowawful andeverythingmakesyoufeeldistressedandtired Chinese 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 4aUsuallyatthispointinyouradjustmenttoanewculture youdevisesomedefensemechanismstohelpyoucopeandtoprotectyourselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshock Onetypeofcopingmechanismiscalled repression Thishappenswhenyoupretendthateverythingisacceptableandthatnothingbothersyou Chinese Question3 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 4bAnothertypeofdefensemechanismiscalled regression Thisoccurswhenyoustarttoactasifyouareyoungerthanyouactuallyare youactlikeachild Youforgeteverything andsometimesyoubecomecarelessandirresponsible Thethirdkindofdefensemechanismiscalled isolation Youwouldratherbehomealone andyoudon twanttocommunicatewithanybody Chinese 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 4cWithisolation youtrytoavoidtheeffectsofcultureshock oratleastthat swhatyouthink Isolationisoneoftheworstcopingmechanismsyoucanusebecauseitseparatesyoufromthosethingsthatcouldreallyhelpyou Thelasttypeofdefensemechanismiscalled rejection Withthiscopingmechanism youthinkyoudon tneedanybody Youfeelyouarecopingfinealone soyoudon ttrytoaskforhelp Chinese 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 5Thedefensemechanismsyouutilizeinthehostilitystagearenothelpful Ifyouonlyoccasionallyuseoneofthesecopingmechanismstohelpyourselfsurvive thatisacceptable Youmustbecautious however Thesemechanismscanreallyhurtyoubecausetheypreventyoufrommakingnecessaryadjustmentstothenewculture Chinese Question4 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 6aAfteryoudealwithyourhostilefeelings recognitionofthetemporarynatureofcultureshockbegins Thenyoucometothethirdstagecalled recovery Inthisstage youstartfeelingmorepositive andyoutrytodevelopcomprehensionofeverythingyoudon tunderstand Chinese Question5 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 6bThewholesituationstartstobecomemorefavorable yourecoverfromthesymptomsofthefirsttwostages andyouadjustyourselftothenewnorms values andevenbeliefsandtraditionsofthenewcountry Youbegintoseethateventhoughthedistinctionofthecultureisdifferentfromyourown ithaselementsthatyoucanlearntoappreciate Chinese Question6 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 7Thelaststageofcultureshockiscalled adjustment Inthisstage youhavereachedapointwhereyouactuallyfeelgoodbecauseyouhavelearnedenoughtounderstandthenewculture Thethingsthatinitiallymadeyoufeeluncomfortableorstrangearenowthingsthatyouunderstand Thisacquisitionofunderstandingalleviatesmuchofthestress Nowyoufeelcomfortable youhaveadjustedtothenewculture Chinese Question7 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 8aCultureshockisnotsomethingyoucanavoidwhenlivinginaforeigncountry Itdoesnotseemlikeaveryhelpfulexperiencewhenyouaregoingthroughitsfourstages However whenyouhavecompletelyadjustedtoanewcultureyoucanmorefullyenjoyit Chinese 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 Para 8bYoulearnhowtointeractwithotherpeople andyoulearnaconsiderableamountaboutlifeinaculturethatisnotyourown Furthermore learningaboutotherculturesandhowtoadjusttotheshockoflivinginthemhelpsyoulearnmoreaboutyourself Chinese Question8 随笔 阅读理解 生词学习 问题预览 随笔 课文阅读 生词学习 问题预览 ChoiceMaking 1 AccordingtoParagraph1 studyinginadifferentcountrymeans A discoveringinterestingthingsandafeelingoffreedomB anopportunitytogetrichC adjustingtocultureshockallthetimeD meetingbothadvantagesandchallenges RefertoPara 1 ChoiceMaking 2 Inthehoneymoonstage A youmainlyexperiencethepositiveelementsoflifeinanewcultureB youthinkthateverythingwillalwaysbeperfectC youfeelthatdaytimebecomesmuchlongerD youfeellikeyouaretakingaholidaytoanothercountrywithfriends RefertoPara 2 随笔 课文阅读 生词学习 问题预览 ChoiceMaking 3 Whenyouareinthehostilitystage youtrytofeelbetterby A becomingtiredofmanythingsaboutthenewcultureB adjustingtothenewcultureC devisingsomedefensemechanismsD experiencingthenegativepartsofthenewculture RefertoPara 4 随笔 课文阅读 生词学习 问题预览 ChoiceMaking 4 Inthewriter seyes onemustbecautiousevenwhenoccasionallyusingoneofthedefensemechanismsbecausetheypreventonefrom A feelingthatthesemechanismsareusefulB beingeasilyaffectedbyculturaldifferencesC protectinghimselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshockD makingnecessaryadjustmentstothenewculture RefertoPara 5 随笔 课文阅读 生词学习 问题预览 ChoiceMaking 5 Afteryoudealwithyourhostility A youbegintoknowthattheshockofthenewcultureisonlytemporaryB youfailtorecognizethetemporarynatureofcultureshockC youtrytodevelopcomprehensionofeverythingteacherssayinclassD youstarttoknowthatthenewcultureissomethingreallyinteresting RefertoPara 6a 随笔 课文阅读 生词学习 问题预览 ChoiceMaking 6 Inthethirdstage yourecoverfrom A beinghomesickB thesymptomsofcultureshockC thesymptomsofthefirsttwostagesofcultureshockD thenegativeeffectsofbeingawayfromyourhome RefertoPara 6b 随笔 课文阅读 生词学习 问题预览 ChoiceMaking 7 Inthefinalstageofcultureshock youfeelgoodaboutthenewculturebecause A youhavelearnedsomethingfromwhatyoufeltuncomfortableaboutbeforeB youhavecometounderstandwhatyoudidn tunderstandbeforeC youhaveacquiredenoughlanguagetohelpyoutoadjustD youhavegotusedtothefeelingofbeingtakenasforeigners RefertoPara 7 随笔 课文阅读 生词学习 问题预览 ChoiceMaking 8 Youlearnmoreaboutyourselfwhen A youcanavoidcultureshockB youlearnaboutanewcultureandhowtoadjusttotheshockoflivinginitC youaregoingthroughthefourthandfinalstageofcultureshockD youhavelivedinanewcultureforatleastoneyear RefertoPara 8 随笔 课文阅读 生词学习 问题预览 课文 技巧 Inthissection youwillhearthreeshortpassages Attheendofeachpassage youwillhearsomequestions Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce Afteryouhearaquestion youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA B C andD TestYourself Inthissection thereisapassagewithtenblanks Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankabovethepassage Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices ListeningComprehension ReadinginDepth Questions1to3arebasedonthepassageyouaregoingtohear 随笔 阅读理解 A Herhusbandhadgotahigherposition B Herhusbandhadlosthisjob C Shewantedtohaveacleanerhouse D ShewantedtomovetoNewYork 1 Whydidthespeakersellherhouse Passage1 Script A Histelephonewentoutoforder B Thebuyershadtoleavesoon C Hebegantoworkat8a m D Hehadmadeanappointmentwithherfor8a m 2 Whydidtheagentvisitthespeakersoearlyinthemorning Script 随笔 阅读理解 Passage1 A Theyconsideredherlazy B Theysawsomethingtheyhadneverseen C Theyconsideredherfoolish D Theysawsomethingfamiliartothem 3 Whydidthecouplelaughinthespeaker shouse Script 随笔 阅读理解 Passage1 Questions4to6arebasedonthepassageyouaregoingtohear A ThesilkT shirtinwhitecolor B ThecottonT shirtwithasloganorpicture C ThenylonT shirtwornonplayground D ThewoolT shirtwornforwork 4 WhatisthemostpopularkindofT shirt Script 随笔 阅读理解 Passage2 A T shirtsfeelsoftandwashwell B T shirtsaresmartandconvenienttowear C T shirtsgowellwithtrousers D T shirtsaresuitableforeveningwear 5 WhydopeopleliketowearT shirtssomuchtoday Script 随笔 阅读理解 Passage2 A Newtechnologyisbeingemployed B Advertisementsarebeingwidelyused C Newdesignsarebeingadopted D Moresyntheticmaterialsarebeingintroduced 6 WhatisbeingdonetomakeT shirtsmoreattractive Script 随笔 阅读理解 Passage2 A Forprotectionagainstotheranimals B Justforfun C Forprotectionagainstotherdogs D Forthepurposeofguardingthehouse 7 Accordingtothepassage whatweredogstrainedforinthepast Questions7to10arebasedonthepassageyouaregoingtohear Script 随笔 阅读理解 Passage3 A Becausetheydidnoteatotheranimals B Becausetheywereusefulforprotection C Becausetheyweregoodhunters D Becausetheyalwaysobeyedtheirmasters 8 Whyweredogsusedforhunting Script 随笔 阅读理解 Passage3 A Forcompanionship B Foramusement C Forprotectionagainstrobbery D Forhunting 9 Whatisthemostimportantreasonforpeopleinthecitytokeepdogsnow Script 随笔 阅读理解 Passage3 A Thecitycanbealonelyplace B LifeintheWestcanbeverydangerous C PeopleintheWestarefondofanimals D Thedogisausefulandfriendlyanimal 10 Whatisthemainideaofthispassage Script 随笔 阅读理解 Passage3 NursingatBethIsraelHospitalproducesthebestpatientcarepossible Ifwearetosolvethenursing 1 hospitaladministrationanddoctorseverywherewoulddowelltofollowBethIsrael sexample shortage 听力理解 随笔 AtBethIsraeleachpatientis 2 toaprimarynursewhovisitsatlengthwiththepatientandconstructsafull scalehealthaccountthatcoverseverythingfromhismedicalhistorytohisemotionalstate Thenshewritesacareplan 3 onthepatient sillnessbutwhichalsoincludeseverythingelsethatisnecessary assigned centered 听力理解 随笔 Theprimarynursestayswiththepatientthroughhishospitalization keepingtrackwithhis 4 andseekingfurtheradvicefromhisdoctor IfapatientatBethIsraelisnot 5 totreatment itisnotuncommonforhisnursetoproposeanother 6 tohisdoctor WhatthedoctoratBethIsraelhasintheprimarynurseisatruecolleague progress responding approach 听力理解 随笔 NursingatBethIsraelalso 7 adecentralized 分散的 nursingadministration everyfloor everyunitisaself containedorganization Therearenurse managersinsteadofheadnurses inadditiontotheir 8 involves medical 听力理解 随笔 dutiestheydoalltheirownhiringand 9 employeeadvising andtheymakesalaryrecommendations Eachunit snursesdecideamongthemselveswhowillworkwhatshiftsandwhen dismissing 听力理解 随笔 BethIsrael snurse in chiefranksasan 10 withothervicepresidentsofthehospital ShealsoisamemberoftheMedicalExecutiveCommittee whichinmosthospitalsincludesonlydoctors equal 听力理解 随笔 文化冲击Para 1a你认为在异国留学是一件听上去非常令人兴奋的事情吗 你会像许多离家去另一个国家学习的年轻人一样感觉很有趣吗 这当然是一种崭新的经历 它会给你带来机会 让你发现许多迷人的东西 获得一种自由感 Para 1b然而 尽管有这些好处 你也会遇到挑战 因为你的观点可能会与存在于不同国家的不同信念 准则 价值观念和传统发生冲突 你也许会感到很难去适应一种新的文化以及该文化中你不熟悉的那些部分 这就是 文化冲击 人们经历文化冲击的过程至少包括四个主要阶段 Para 2第一阶段叫做 蜜月期 在这一阶段 你会感觉到生活在一个不同国度里很兴奋 而且每一样东西看上去都妙不可言 你什么都喜欢 而且好像每个人都对你很好 另外 新的文化中的生活乐趣好像是无穷无尽的 返回 Para 3然而 文化冲击的第二阶段终究会出现 这就是 敌对期 你开始注意到并不是每样东西都像你原先认为的那样好 你会对新的文化里的许多东西感到厌倦 此外 人们也不再把你当作一个客人来对待了 所有最初看上去非常美好的东西现在变得让人讨厌了 而且每一样东西都使你感到苦恼和厌倦 返回 Para 4a通常 在你适应一种新文化的这一阶段中 你会想出一些防卫性的办法来帮助你应付难关 保护自己免受文化冲击的影响 其中一种办法叫做 压抑法 当你假装所有的东西都可以接受 没有什么东西令你感到烦恼的时候 你就是在运用压抑法 返回 Para 4b另一种防卫性办法称做 倒退法 当你的行为举止开始显得比你实际年龄要小的时候 你就是在运用这种办法 这时 你的行为举止像一个小孩 你把什么都忘掉了