module 4 fine arts grammar.ppt

ModuleFour Grammar Module4 Grammar1 theinfinitiveasobject 1 动词不定式的语法功能 1 作主语 2 作表语3 作宾语4 作宾语补足语5 作定语6 作状语7 独立成分 Toimprovetheagriculturallandneedsalotofmoney Thefirstlessonwastoteachthegirlhowtoplay Theyrefusedtogiveuptheirowncustomsandwayoflife Wouldyoulikemetodosomethingforyou Doyoulikeanythingtoeat Totellyouthetruth Idon tbelievehim theinfinitiveand ingformasobject 2 常见的直接跟不定式作宾语的动词 1 want hope desire wish expect offer fail ask decide long determine agree afford arrange manage pretend promise happen wait refuse dare plan hesitate neglect prepare bother undertake demand fear intend attempt 我对花那么多钱买衣服犹豫不决 Ihesitatetospendsomuchmoneyonclothes 2 不定式作宾语时 也可以用it作形式宾语 这样的动词有 consider think believe feel make find IfinditdifficulttospeakEnglishfluently 3 有些动词后一般跟 疑问词 动词不定式 作宾语 如 consider discover discuss explain guess know inquire observe show teach understand wonder ask advise learn tell think forget remember findout等 Iknowwhotoinvite Askmyelderbrotherwheretoputthecar Hedon tknowwhattosay whentogo wheretogo whichtochoose 4 不定式中的省略 1 以下动词不定式做宾语补足语时 要省略不定式前的to 但是改为被动语态后 to要还原 五看 see watch notice observe lookat 三使役 have make let 二听 hear listento 一感觉 feel 半帮助 help Theteacherletmedoitalone Iheardhimsingthesong Isawhimcomeintobuilding Hemademeworklonghours Ihelpmother to dohousework 2 一些情态动词 词组 构成的句型 如 hadbetter wouldrather than ratherthan maywelldo 有充分理由可以做 mayaswelldo 还是 好了 cannot but 等 Ratherthanwaithere Idecidedtogohomebytaxi 3 在do did does done nothing anything everything but except do结构中 Icandonothingbutfollowyouradvice 注 这里的动词 do 是实意动词 如果but或except之前没有do 其后的to不能省略 Thereisnochoicebuttowait Module4 Grammar1 theinfinitiveand ingformasobject ingformasobject 1 直接接动名词作宾语的动词或短语 如 enjoy finish excuse keep mind advise allow practice avoid risk suggest imagine appreciate miss delay stand consider understand escape deny forgive include can thelp dislike admit pardon feellike giveup insiston putoff setabout 开始 2 有些短语中to为介词 后面只能接动名词 名词或代词 如 keepto applyto lookforwardto withaneyeto 着眼于 指望着 standupto turnto besuperiorto 好于 getdownto attribute to liveupto 不辜负 admit to owingto devote to thanksto objectto beaccustomedto beusedto stickto 3 在deserve 值得 need require want 等词后接动名词作宾语表示被动含义 即主动表被动 亦可接动词不定式 但必须接动词不定式的被动形式 a Mysockswantmending tobemended b Thisgrammaticalrulesdeservesmentioning c Thewindowneedscleaning tobecleaned 4 在havedifficulty trouble aproblem adifficulttime in doingsth 等结构中必须用动名词 Theteachershavehadsomeproblemsdecidingwhentheyshouldreturnthefinalpaperstothestudents 在决定什么时候该把期末考试发回给学生方面 老师们有一些问题 5 下列动词后可接不定式和动名词 但意义不同 remember forget stop goon regret try mean 请记得吃药 Pleaseremember take themedicine 约翰不在这 请试着给他家里打电话 Johnisn there Try phone hishomenumber 我不打算那么粗鲁的 但是你能停止吸烟么 Idon tmean be rude butcouldyoustopsmoking 我很遗憾的告诉你 你没通过测试 Iregret tell youthatyoufailedthetest totake phoning tobe totell Ourteachersoftentellus Theharderyoustudy themorequestionsyouwillthinkof A askingB toaskC beingaskedD tobeasked 2 Havingfinishedherproject shewasinvitedtobytheschool tothenewstudents A speakingB havingspokenC tospeakD tohavespoken 3 Wewereastonished thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition A findingB tofindC findD tobefound 4 Ifhetakesonhiswork hewillhavenochoicebut anevengreaterchallenge A meetsB meetingC meetD tomeet 5 Yourfloorisdirty Itneeds A cleaningB tocleanC cleanD cleaned 6 Weareconsidering Englishinpairsafterclass A practisingspeakingB practisingtospeakC topractisespeakingD topractisetospeak 7 Billsuggested ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation A havingheldB toholdC holdingD hold8 Istillremember tothetempleandwhatIsawthere A totakeB tobetakenC takingD beingtaken9 Ireallyappreciate toholidaywithyouonthisniceisland It smypleasure A havetimeB havingtimeC tohavetimeD tohavingtime 10 Canyouimaginewhatdifficultypeoplehadthisyear againsttheseveralnaturaldisasters A fightingB tofightC foughtD fight11 Shelikes butshedoesn tlike thisafternoon She dlike someotherday A swimming swimming toswimB toswim swimming toswimC toswim toswim swimmingD swimming toswim toswim 12 Intheaccident hewasluckytoescape A killingB tobekillingC killedD beingkilled13 Idon tknowwhetheryouhappen butI mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember A tobeheardB tobehearingC tohearD tohaveheard14 Sheandherhusbandarenowatworkonanewdictionary nextyear A topublishB beingpublishedC publishedD tobepublished15 thegoalof EducationforAll theChinesegovernmentismakingeveryeffort A ToachieveB AchievingC AchieveD Havingachieved Grammar2 ingformassubject 动名词在句子中起名词的作用 能够充当名词充当的成分 1 单个的动名词 动名词短语作主语时 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 如 ReadingisimportantinlearningEnglish 2 在下列it作形式主语句型中 动名词作真正的主语 句型一 It is was awaste of no little good use hardlyanygood use doing useless It snousecryingoverspiltmilk 覆水难收 It sawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchathing Thereis wasdoing 3 固定句型 nosensein nopointin nouse goodin nothingworsethan Thereisnopointindoingso 注意 1 动名词和不定式都可以作主语 动名词作主语 表示一般或抽象的多次行为 不定式作主语往往表示具体或一次性的动作 Tocompletetheprogramneedsmucheffort 完成这项计划需要很大的努力 Ridingabikecanmakeamansmart 骑单车能使一个人敏捷 isnog