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飞 仪 玩 防 叻 衅 叱 决幼吨 云 佣 此 川 冷 及幼恤 加 叮 比 刀 认如 加刀 心 加月 毋刀 汤 之茗 加 刁夕 诚 钊艺 司沙 己户 如 加 皮 砂 介 取才 及姆 一勿岁 玛 七 卿 行 加企 一 劫即 肠 一 哪理 肠 李 妙 哪沙 动 瓦 沁八 勿 尺己勿 勿 以亡 切无 艺 司勿 肠 咫 心沙 比 爬 汀 岁 f or g i n g d论 K B E CAD 1Int邝dUCtion Fo烤i心 di edes ign can be viewed as aknow le dg eint ensive pr o d ueti nn o vat i o n aeti vi t y involvin g m ul t i 一 d o m a i nan dmu l t i 一 d e p ar t m en t c o o p e r a tio n T ee h no l o gie so fCAX CAD C A P P C A M CAE an d A r t ifiei a lI nt e l li g enee Al ar e m a in ly r e s o rte d to ae h ie veau to m a tie p r od uet d es i g n K n o w l e d g e B ase dE n gi neer ing K B E 15 wid e l y aee 即ted ao an effeetiveintel ligentdesign m ethodologyand design deeisio n automatie enabler K B E 15de fined as a c omputerint铭r a ted manufaeturingte c hnol眼y to offerfir strank S O l ution f o r e呀ineering problem by knowledgedrive and m ultiply K BE fusestheteehn ologies ofCA X and A ltogether an d r e n o vat e k no w l e d g e b y i n h er it anee i n t e g rat io nan am an 眼em entof d o m ain expertknowledge l B y m ea n s of K B E f o r gi n g d i e d es i g n ean i nser t 卯w er ful intel li geneeinto 3Dpar a m etrie desi gn But there arefew standard kn o wledgepr e s e ntation sPeeific ations and d o m ain eoneePts are always c o nfusing T hese m aketraditionalK BEsystems hard to addr e s s thef o l low ing problems 1 L a ekofunif o r m andef feetivewaysto repr esentand mi n e kn owledge wh i e h eaus e f o r gi n g d i e d es i g n k n o w l e d g e h ar d to b ea b s tr ae te d an d s h are d 2 L ae k o f p u bli e d o m a i n c o nee p ts d i s t r ib ut i on s y s te m w h i e hb r i n g m an y d if fie u l t ie s to w e b c o l l a b or a tiv ean d e o o p era tiv e de s i g n 3 H ar d to b e i n t眼rated withother applieationsbeeaus etheirkn ow ledgebases are al ways speeif ied f or speeia l de signpr o blems ontol笔y the o巧15w ide ly aeeeptedas an effeetive m ean s forknowledge share and reus e 2 一 8 w h ieh d evot es to s o l v i n g a b ove p o p u l ar p ro bl e m s i n Al area B u t f o玛i鳍diedesi gn15 rare ly referredto T hispaperpresentsan intelligentproduetdesi gnmethodologybasedon ontology Fir stly thec oneepts ofontol 姐y areintrodueed see ondlythe dom ain ont o l o gy of forging diedesign15diseussed thirdly the c o neeptualization distribution tr ee15 built to representf o rging diedesi gnkn owledge finally a p r o to ty p es y st e m 15gi ven f o r il l us tr at io n 2 B r i e fl n t ro d ue t i ono fo n t o l o gy Th e A nler i ean h er it a g e d i et io nar y d e f in es o n to l o g y as th e b r a ne h o fm e t a p h y s ic s th at d e a ls with th ena t u r e o fb e ing Th e te r mh as b e e na d o p te db y th e Al e o mm un ity to r e f er to as eto f e one e p ts ort e r m s th ate a n b e us e d to d e s eri b es o m ea r e ao fk n o wl e d g eor b u ild a r e p r e s e n tatio no f it 2 A non to l眼y 15 a voeabu一 aryofsu eh terms n am es ofrelation s f une t i ons i n d ivid ua 1 s d e f i ne d i na f o r m t h at 15 b o t hh u m anan dm ae h i ner e a d a bl e A non to l昭y t 呀ether w ith a kernelsyntax and semanties p rov id es t h e l an g ua g e b y w h i e hk no w l e d g e 一 b ase d s y s te m sean in te r o p e r a te a tt h e k no w l e d g e 一 l eve l exe h an gi n g ass er tio ns q uer i esan d ans w ers A non t o l o g y ean b ever y h ig h 一 l eve l eons is t ing o f eonee p t s t h a t or g an i ze s p ee ifi e sue h asanon to l o gy o f ve h i e l es t h eu pp er p ar ts o f a k no w l e d g e b ase or it ean b e d o m a i n G r u b er gi vesa 砂pulardefinition A no n to l笔y15 an explieit speeifieation ofa eoneeptualization 仁 A eo n eeptu a lizatio n 15 an abstra et s imp lifi e d v i e w o f t h e w or ld t h a t w e wi s h tor e p resen t f o rso m e p ur p ose E v e r y 一 640 一 k no wl e d g e 一 b ase d s y s te m or k n o w l e d g e 一 l eve l a g en t 1 5e o m m it te d to s o m e c o nee p t ua l i za t i on ex P li e i t ly or i m p l i e it ly O n to l眼ies ai m ateapturingd o m ain k n o w ledgein agenerieway andpr ovide a eo r n r n onlyagreedunderstand ing ofa dol llain wh i e hm a y b ereu s ed n d s h a r e d a e r o s sap p一ieations n d g r o u p s 4 o nto l o g ie spr o vid a o m m o n v o e a b u la理 J an area and define一 w it hd if f eren t le v e l so f f o r m a lity 一 t h e m ea n i眼 ofthete r m s andthe relations betw eenthem ntol 笔i es are usuallyo塔anized intax o n o m ies andtypieal ly eontain m o del ing Prim itives sueh as elas ses re l a t i ons f une tio ns ax i o m san di ns ta nees 3 P opu la r ap p一 ieatio n s ofontol 眼i esine一ude kno wledgem an agement na tu r a ll an g ua g e g enera t i on en te r p r is e m o d e l i n g k n o w l e d g e 一 b a s ed s y s te m s on to l雌y 一 b ase dbr ok ers an d i n te r o P era b ility b e t w eens y s t e m s P er e z e te use 5 m o d e li眼prim itivestodeseribe an ontol眼y wh i e h ar ee l asses re l a t i ons f une t i ons ax i o m san d i ns ta nees 5 灿d r el ati ons a m o n g t hese eonee pt sean be e一 assifiedas 4 types part 一o f k i n d 一 o r i n s ta nee 一o f an d a t t r ib u te 一 o f O nee t h e m a i n c o m p o n en ts o f on to l o g i es h ave b eenre p resen te d t h eon t o l o gy ean b e im p l e m en te di na v a r i ous l an g ua g es h i g h一y inf o r m al se m i 一 i n f o r m a l se m i 一 f o r m a l an d r i即r ouslyfor m allangu眼es 6 F r a m e s e m an t i e w e b an dl眼iedeseribela眼u眼e eanbe empl叮edtof o r m al ize ontol 眼y T here ar e m anyontol 笔i es represen tation m etho dol 呛i es sue h as O n to li n g ua C y e L an db刀nl and WL ete A n d an exhaustivety因l 笔yO f ontolo gies15presented in 7 8 Itpr e sentsthe m o st c o r n m o n ly u sedty pes ofo ntolog ie s K n o w ledgeR epr ese ntatio n o n tol笔ies汇 晓ner al 浅b n u n o n nto z眼ies 9 九p 一 L eve lo n to 一 ogies M e ta 一o n t o 一 吧i es n d s o n Th e r r m a n y s u e e e ss f u l o nto log ie s s u e h a s W o r d n et F r a m ene t GU M S E NSL IS an d M i k r o k m o sete B ase d onana ly s i so ff o塔i眼diedesigndo m ain r e f err i n g t o G ru b er 5 on to l眼ydefinition w e t h in kf o r gi n g di e d es ig non to l o gy 1 5anex p l i e i t eonee p tu a li za t i ono ff o垠ingdiedesign d o m a in F O 堪i眼diedesign ontolo g yat temptsto c o nstruetapublie v o eabularyofter msto m ake standard k n o w ledge representation 5 0 t h e c o nee p ts r e l a tio nsan d p r o p er t i eso ff o塔ingdiedesi助 ean be elear l y addr essedan d p u bl i e under st 拟 by hum an andeon一 puter F O 堪ingd i e desi gn15hugelydependent on engineer s ex p er i enee B u t ex p er i enee 1 5 k in d o f a mbig uous k n o w l e d g e i n h u m an b ra i n wh i e h1 5 h ar d to b e f o r m u li ze d B y on to l笔ydesign a c o n v o ea b u l ar y o f te r m s 1 5 p r o v id e d to ea p t ur e d o m a i n k n o wl e d g e i na g ener i e w a y A n db y t hi s m eans t h e f o垠i雌diedesignknow ledge systemean aehieve a c o t n m o nly 笔reed un derstandi 吧 ae r o s s appl ieations andgr oups 阮 theK B E s邓tem based on iteanbe easilyint馆r ated w ith other s tems A n d the kn owledgebase ofit ean be under sto od andshar e d c o nvenientlyon w eb whi e hf ur t h er c o n t r ib u teto e ff ee t i ve w e b eo ll a b o ra t i on I ns h ort F o 堪ir igdiedesi gn on tol 眼y ean dogreathelPtokn ow ledge share reusean d s ta n d ar d i zat io n 3F or gi n g D i e D es i g n o n t o l o g yD es ig n 3 1 n t o l 硬褪沙 Co n str u etio n A s Fi g 1 shows w eeons tr uet f o塔i ng diedesign ontol笔yf r o m topt o b o t tom bythreelayers M et子o nto l笔y pr o videsgeneralpri miti ves suehas eoneept re l a t i onan d p r o p er t y e te f o r d o m a i non to l馆y representation T hesePrimitives ar e al ways gener a lnotions underw hieh withal lter m s in existing ontol 眼ie s ar e r e lated 阮 thedo main ont ol 馆y eonstrueted basedon iteanbe under sto od am o 呢 thedif ferentdom ain ontol 馆i es 公 m aino nto l笔y attemptsto eolleeta standardvo eabularyofagiven do m ainter ms 肠 t to m ont ol 笔y represents kind ofpublie desi gnknow ledge whi e h ean b ev i e w e d as p r o toty p es f o r k n o w l e d g ereuse d W eu s e5 p r imit i ves to r e p resen t f o塔ingdiede si gno n t o l 笔y an d t h e BNF p ara digm 15 a d o p t e d to a ddr e ss it l 氏m ainOnt ol 眼y T e r m R e l a tio n P r o p er ty K no wl e d g e I te m P r o tot yp e I ns t anee 猛猛噩 啧益益益益 P r i m l t i v e s s s s s 噩健爵 噩 笼 礴 驾 厂厂 2 6 nstr a int Pr o perty Type D efinition V alu e T y pe State D e ser i P V a l ue 641 二 4 R e l a t i on 5 R e t ur n 6 P r o toty p e 7 ID N a m e T er m C o ns t r a i n l t e m 二 v a lu e T er m L地scription Operati on F une tio n R u l e C o ns t r a i n t Name T er m K no w l e d g e I te m O p e r a tio n D e ser ib e ID N a m e P ara m e t er D eser ib e H er e K no w l e d g e I te m a dd r e s s es t h es p ee ifie k no w l e d g e d er i ve df r om ex p er t h an dlx x k s e h ar ts an d p u b 1i e ly aeee p te d ex p er ie nee f o r m u l a Th e k n o w l e d g e it e m ean b ev i e w e d asaseet io no f c o nee p tu a li za tio n g ra p h o f anon to l o gy w h i e hd eser ib es t h e f une t i onsan d ax i o m sa m on g t h e t er m s A n d a p r o toty p e d e s c r i b esa g ene r ald e s i g n te m p l a te f o rae l us te ro f s imil ar p ro d ue t s I t 15 as P ee i a l v i e w o fd o m a i non to l眼yf o rtypiealpr o duetd e si gn And operation hasbeendefined f o rCAXsystem drivendesign 3 2T o P o l o g i ea lF or gi n gDi e D c s i g n C onee Pt ua li za ti on S y s t e m Th e f o笔ingdiedesi gn o ntology ean be expressed by atopol帷iea ltree ofelas sifiedterms Fig 2 il lustrates it The eoneept tree as sumesthe skeleton ofd omain ontology w h i e hd eser ib e s t h e c o mm on t e r m san dr el at io ns a m on g t h e m P ro p er t ie s r u l esan d i ns ta neesareor g an i ze d a r o un d t h i s t r e e 5 0 t h e f o堪ingdied e sign knowledge ean beform allyexpressedandundersto o d by this voeabulary 你咖 gD i 乃 了 二 迄还亚巫二顶巫 巫亚 应三 巫必 口 二 二奋 一 一 如 一 一 一一一 一 扣 沪 Fi g 3 F O r gi吃diede si pr ototypeillu stration Further e ons id er i n g k no w l e d g ereuse p u bli eaeee p te dd o m a i n k no w l e d g e f o r ty pi ea l p r o d ue t d r a w n to f o r m t h e k no w l e d g e it e m san d p r o toty p es T h es eeons titutet h e b o tto m on to l o gy w h ieh ean a n dm u l t ip li e d in t h e d o m a i n d es i g nsu PP or t B o tto m on to l o g y eon t a i ns t h er ou tin e d es i g n w or kfl o w an d ean P r o v id e d es i g n 1 5 b es h ar e d al l to f ll a tl C Fi g 3 il l us tr a tes ee P ts F orexa m p l e 一 642 一 f o rging diedesignpr ototypes Prototypes express the eom Plex relations among the COn 一 Fi g 4 de s er ib es l oeo m ot i v e f o r ging d i e d es i g n p r o to t yp es whi e h1 5 f o r m a l ly ex p re s s e d asasee t i ono f g r a p h Thi sex a m p l e ean b e t r ans l a te d asaru l e I ff o塔i眼has unf o l di眼defeet t h en t h eva l ueo fim p ress i onr a d ii nee d s to b e m o di f ied b y f o r m u l a R R a d i i 1 Z r 3 r n r n A n d r m eans t h e r ad i i va l ue i n q u i re df r o m f o 玛i ng design ex详rt m anua一 l Fig 4Pr 奴 t即e so f l 犯 1llotive f o限in g diedesig n 3 3 O ntoIO gy Build a n d T r a n sf o r m W e usetop 一 d o w non to l眼ybui ld m ethodto eonstruetf orgi n g diedesign ontologyasFig 6shows T hetop levelte助5ar el ist edandana l y zedfi rst l y an d eae h to p l eve l t e r m d e te r m i nesasu b 一 d o m a i no f on to l笔y T henthe sub ter ms oftopone sarefurtherfi lled levelby level F o r m alization language of m eta一on to l笔y15 empl妙e d tor ep r e s e ntthete二5 Byt hs s me a ns t h e f 玛 ingdiedesign eoneeptualizationtree15finished A ndneeessaryeheeks need to bei mplem entedto en surethe c o rreet c o neeptualization Based on eoneeptualizationtree k n o wl e d g e i t e m san d p r o toty p es f o r g ener a l p r o c l ue t d es ig nare d eve l o p e d to su pp or t k n o w l e d g ereuse 儿n d 词 Condi tion Fig 5Il lustrati on ofk n o w le dgeit 叽 黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝黝与与崖 崖 奇塌胜署 习 一一一一一一一一一一一一 着 易 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Knowledge e e e e e e e e e e e e e e L L L L Listl飞rm s s s s s Fom aliza t lon n n n n n n n n n n n n n n 茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸茸 之之 召召召召召 O O O O O O O O O 芝芝芝芝芝 D D Domain n n n n D omain n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n 鬓叠 叠 O O Onto l g 群群群 O ntolg卿 卿卿 Domain n n n n 芬 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O nt o l p即 即即国苏 撼撼勇 勇 鬓鬓 l l l l l l l l l 狂狂狂 兹兹兹兹军 军 声声声声 当当 Fi g ntol眼iesm ust transf o r m to read e d it e d an d s to re d H ere g i vess t an d ar d se m an tie m ar k s 6I l l us tr at i ono f o n to 1 O gy b u iI ding a n d tr a n s f o r m a ti o n P o p u l ar k no wl e d g er e p resen tat i onan d s ta n d ar dd ata f o r m a t t h er e l a t i ve d a t a b asean dX M L ar euse d to s to re 豁 theyeanbe andtransf o r m ontol 笔i es XML wL仁川to aehieve to eoneepts w h i e hm a k e t h e m un d er s t以对 by m ost o ntolog ies deseription an d it15 as p ee ia lX M Lf o r m at a pp l i ea t i ons W ea d叩t ontol 眼y are i llustr ated as f o l lowing T he WLc odes of f o很ingdiedesi gn xm lv ersion 1 0 r df RDF x m ns h t t 八v w w o w 一 n l 汀 n r八 11 二 n 二 二 l 一 L尸 W WW O W 一o nt o孟 O g e s C O m L姐tolo gyll46204563 ow l X ml ns o wl二 h t tp 厂囚w w w 3 o 塔左002刃7 wl 643 二 h t tp w ww o w l 一o n to l眼ies c o m as s ert ow l 灿l b a se h t tp 厂刃ww o w l 一 o n to l呢ies c o m 入 ntol吧yll46204563 o wl o wl O n t o l o s y r d f a 比ut o wl Cl a s s r d f a b o u t F O 塔i呢D i e D e sign T o B u i l d F o 塔i眼D ieD e sign Ontol眼y rdf s c o r n r n e nt o w卜C las s rd f ID R a d i i r d f s s u bCla s sof r d f r e 阶uree Bl an k er ow l R estrietion o w all V a uesF r om rdf re劝uree Bl a n k e r F O rging diedesigninv olves m a nyrelative do m ain ssuehas M aterial T e e h n iq ue Ma c hi n i眼 and CA Xete T hesed o m a ins areo v erlaPped m o r e o r les s Ino rd e r t opr e vent c o ncept c o n f u s i o n 吧e n t s f o r e a c h d o m ain a s sume res即n s ibil itieso ftr an slati眼the m to neutralrepr 汉 ntat i on I n t hi spaper w ea ls o e m p l叮O WLa s a neu tralrePre sentation xne de 4C ase study W edevel opeda K BE system f or conUll on lo c o m o tiv e forgingdiede s i whi e hi s n o w 即pli ed in C h ines e ChangehunCa r ri眼e Ma n ufaeturi 眼C T h is syste m adopts V B N e t S Q L 反r v e尹an d 乳 l i dw ork了 a s de vel oPi眼t o o ls Al ld it ea naehievethe f oll o w i雌funetions intelligentl tivef orgin g diede sig n k n o w l e d g e m an a g e m en t au to nla t i e k t erae t i ve t e n t a t i ve d es ig n e 龙e aequi sition and web n o w ledgedrivenC A X desi gn on to l o s y m a in te n a n c e p r o t o t y p e s m a n a g e m en t a n d i n B y a l on g te r m o f p raet i ee t hi ss y s t e m c a n P e r f or m e x c e l le n t ly es p e c i a llyf o r k n o w l c oll a 比r a tion Fig 7 gives s o m e interf aee s ofthis system Fig 7 1l lustr atio n oflo cor notivef o rg i 呢di ede s i g n K BE 邓t 巴几 int e r f aee s 5C onc lu s io ns KB Eis a 卯pul armeansto aehievefo玛ingdiedesigna u t o m atio n B u tt r a di t访nal K B E teehn o l o g ie s ca n t m a k es t an d a r d k n c w l e dg er ePr e s e ntat io n whi e h eauses f o r g i n g di e de sig n ha rdt od e p os i tk n o w l e 电efr o m e飞i e e rs ex p er i eneesan d di t leu lt to c o 一a比rare ete 口IILu 呢 d Fl 二 F 二 一 一 一 二 w hi e h o f f e r sa g e ner ie w a y a n d a c o m r n o n ly a g r e e d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f a d o ma i n f o r k n o w l e d g er e u s e a n d s h ar a e r o s s a pP li e a tio n s a n d g r o u P s 5 0 t h isp a p er di s e us s e s f o rg i呢diede s ign ontol笔ybuil d andrelative applieation 644 一 l a y erare h it ee t ure i ne l u d i n g m e ta 一o n to l o g y d o m a i n 一o n to l o gy an db o t t o m ont o l o g y A n d eonee p t ua li za tio n t r ee 15 b u ilt to a dd res s f o r gi n g d i e d es i g n t er m san d t h e ir re l a tio ns O W L 1 5e m p l o y e df oron to l o gy r e P resen t a t io n w h ieh f o l l o w s X M L s P ee ifie a tio nan d ean b eeas ilyi n t e g r a te d wit h o t h era pp li eat io ns A n d a pp li cat io nso fl oeo m o tiv e f o 馆ingdieK B E system demonstratethe effieien ey ofthis approaeh Infuture w eex P ee tto ex ten d t hi s d o m a i non t o l o gy to su pp or t f u l lf or g i n g d o m a i n w i t hfl ex i bl es y s te m o f a g en ts f o r i n te g r a tio no f r e l a t i ve d o m a i non to l o gi es R e f e renCes 1 P en g Y H zh a 2 an dR u a n x Y 腼一 d 块si gn and KBE Teehn o lo gy A 7th NationalForg