倒装专题完全解读.doc

倒装专题完全解读山西省乡宁一中 王丽华倒装句一直是高中英语学习的重点，也是高考的高频考点。虽然涉及倒装句的条目繁多，但我们还是有“章”可循的。为了便于同学们的完全掌握，笔者从自己的视角将该专题进行全面的梳理、整合与解读，期望对大家有所帮助。一、弄清定义与分类在英语中，为了强调或者语法结构的需要而将谓语的全部或者一部分提到主语之前的句式叫做倒装句。倒装句分为三类：形式倒装、完全倒装和部分倒装。二、由简到繁，理清条目，学精学透形式倒装（FormalInversion）as/ though引导让步状语从句时，将表语、状语（一般为副词）或动词原形提前，构成形式倒装。句式为：表语、副词或动词原形+as/ though+陈述句。 e.g. Proudas/ thoughtheyare,theyareafraidtoseeme.Childas/ though heis,heseemstoknoweverything. Hardasheworked,hemadelittleprogress.Tryas/ thoughhemight,hemadelittleprogress.点睛1 例2中child前不加冠词a。形式倒装中，当表语为单数名词或者为形容词最高级时，其前用零冠词。点睛2 as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而though也可引导正常语序的让步状语从句。e.g. Though heis a child,heseemstoknoweverything. 完全倒装（FullInversion）完全倒装又称全部倒装,是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。1.表示时间、地点、方向的副词，如now, then, here, there, up,down, out, in,away等或介词短语置于句首时。 e.g. Nowcomesyourturn.Theregoesthebell.Here comes a bus.Atthefootofthemountainliesavillage.点睛 该条目中的谓语动词多为不及物动词；其中例1、2、3中不能使用进行时态，要用一般现在时表示现在进行时。2. 作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时。其结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。e.g. PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.Gonearethesad dayswhenChinesewere looked down on.Amongthegoodsisa Christmastree.Such are the facts; no one can deny them.点睛 完全倒装往往与主谓一致相结合进行考查。如例3中的系动词为is，不是are，因为该句子的主语为a Christmastree，而amongthegoods是介词短语充当表语。3. 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓常直接倒装。 e.g. “Thats right,”said the teacher, pointing at the map. “I do hope,”said Nancy,“they havent all forgotten about it.”点睛上述三种情况中，如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。e.g. Nowit comes.They are gone.“Thats right,” she said, pointing at the map.4. 表示祝愿的固定句式：Long livee.g. Long live our friendship.点睛 该句式中的谓语动词只有live这种形式，无时态、语态与数的变化。部分倒装（PartialInversion）将谓语的一部分（即be动词、助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前，形成部分倒装。1.only +状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)置于句首时。e.g. Only in this way/ now can you solve this problem.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.点睛 only +状语从句置于句首时，从句不倒装、主句倒装。2. 表示否定意义的词、词组（hardly, in no way, at no time, little, few, scarcely, seldom, never, not, no more, no longer, no sooner, not only but also, not until等）位于句首时。e.g. Seldom do I go to work by bus.Not until he came back did his parents go to bed last night.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. Not only does it offer us experience, but (also) it brings us pleasure.点睛 not until引导时间状语从句时，从句不倒装、主句倒装；no sooner than与hardly /scarcely when都表示“一就”，但所使用的连词不一样，且连词than /when之前用过去完成时态，之后用一般过去时；not only but also要连接两个分句才倒装，且前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。 3. 在so / such.that.句型中，so. / such.位于句首时。 e.g. So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.In such a hurry did she leave the office that she forgot to lock the door. 4. 为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，“so/ neither/nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”句式表示“与前面所述的肯定/否定情况相同”。e.g. A: His brother is a college student. B: So is mine.A: He usednt to go fishing. B: Neither/ Nor used I.点睛 表示“对前面所述的肯定/否定情况加以肯定、确认”时，则该句式不倒装，即：so/ neither/nor +主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词。e.g. A: His brother is a college student. B: So he is.（是啊，他的确是个大学生。）A: He usednt to go fishing. B: Neither/ Nor he used.5. 虚拟条件句中省略if时。e.g. Were I you, I would accept his invitation.Should it not rain, we would go hiking.Had you followed his advice, you might have passed the exam.点睛 虚拟条件句中省略if时,只将条件句中的were/ should / had置于句首。不能将例2写为Should not it rain, we would go hiking.6. 表示祝愿的固定表达：Maye.g. May you have fun in China.May you succeed.三、讲究方法，科学训练，巩固提升1. 将倒装的以上条目简称为“346规则”，即：3种形式的形式倒装，条目分别为4、6的完全倒装与部分倒装，并结合例句与点睛烂熟于心。2. 读懂题干，首先判断属于哪一类型的倒装，再仔细分析，与所列举的具体条目对号入座。3. 注重细节，分清主句与从句，注意时态、语态、人称与数的变化。试以下面三道高考真题加以体验：1. For a moment nothing happened. Then all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voicesC. voices would come D. did voices come2. So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 3. Unsatisfied_ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.A. thoughwashe B. thoughhewas C. hewasthough D. washethough 点睛 三道题分别考查了完全、部分与形式倒装；第一小题属