出国留学ps范文_-_留学申请的学习计划样本读书计划+PS必备学习.doc

出国留学ps范文_-_留学申请的学习计划样本读书计划+PS美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。出国留学ps范文_-_留学申请的学习计划样本读书计划+PS最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：已经成功的读书计划范例(信息科技) To Whom It May Concern: Re: Application of Student Visa to study in RMIT UniversityIn additional to all my documents provided, I would like to take this opportunity to write a personal statement to clarify the main reasons that drive me to study in Australia.I was born in 1981, the starting period of Chinas economy reform designed and implemented under the leadership of Mr. De Xiaoping. I have witnessed the dramatic changes in the continuous infrastructure construction, observable improvement of living standards, greater enrichment of social life, gradual deregulation of policies and strong growth of local economy. All the positive sides make everybody fond of the market economy, especially my parents, both of who are managers of property development companies. My parents have great influence on me, so when I was young, I start to learn how to keep abreast of the modern society by learning the new knowledge and skills.The world is already heading toward the new economy, although there are still some turmoil in certain fields and period. The explosive information technology changed the world in such quick and significant manners that many economists cant explain well. Meanwhile, China is joining WTO, the economy at this moment is growing at 8% annually, by further eliminating non-tariff barriers and reduce tariff rates, Chinas market will experience huge structural changes and countless opportunities will emerge to make China the hottest spot in the world economy. As a Chinese student, I am living in a new age that China is in shortage of personnel with proficient English skills, overseas education background and capability to merge east and west cultures. By choosing to study in RMIT University in Melbourne Australia, there are a few advantages that I can achieve my goal: Australia is a multicultural country, and RMIT university is a well-known multicultural university. I can learn how to interact within different cultures to improve my interpersonal skills. I also can build up a network that comprises friends from different countries and areas. Australia enjoys vast land, abundant resources, mild weather and well-managed security, it is the best destination to study. Australia has the world class educational systems, and RMIT university is well-know for its practical mission and provident objectives. By learning its IT courses, I can become an IT professional recognised in Australia and China and other places as I will have obtained professional IT skills. Australia has good relationship with China and Australia is also changing its old economy image by actively engaged into cooperation between APEC countries and regions. China is certainly the biggest potential market for Australia. With my multicultual background and Australian experience and skills, when I have completed study in Australia and returns China, I can participate into the development of business cooperation or any other relationship In short, by choosing to study in RMIT University in Australia, I will benefit greatly from the extraordinary experience for building up my professional career, and I will help to build China, my motherland, into a well-managed market economy country.I look forward that my application can be assessed and approved at your earliest convenience!Regards! The Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (helpinfo) is a Nordic country in Scandinavia. It is bordered by Norway in the west, Finland in the northeast, the Skagerrak Strait and the Kattegat Strait in the southwest, and the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia in the east. It is connected to Denmark in the southwest by the Oresund Bridge.Sweden has a low population density except in its metropolitan areas, with most of the inland consisting of forests. The country has large natural resources of water, timber, and iron ore. Its citizens enjoy a high standard of living in a country that is generally perceived as modern and liberal.Following the end of the Viking Age, Sweden became part of the Kalmar Union together with Denmark and Norway (Finland at this time was a part of the Swedish kingdom). Sweden left the union in the beginning of the 16th century, and more or less constantly battled its neighbours for many years, especially Russia and the still united Denmark-Norway, which never completely accepted Sweden leaving the union. In the 17th century Sweden extended its territory through warfare and became a Great Power, twice its current size. By 1814 Sweden had lost its empire as well as Finland, previously an integral part of the Kingdom of Sweden. Since 1814, Sweden has been at peace, adopting a non-aligned foreign policy in peacetime and neutrality in wartime.Sweden has been a major European exporter of iron, copper and timber since the Middle Ages. However, improved transportation and communication allowed it to utilize natural assets from different parts of the country on a far larger scale, most notably timber and iron ore. Economic liberalization as well as universal schooling contributed to the rapid industrialization and by the 1890s the country had begun to develop an advanced manufacturing industry. In the 20th century a welfare state emerged. Today, the country is defined by social-liberal tendencies and a strong national quest for equality, and usually ranks among the top nations in the UN Human Development Index. 在瑞典，一切社交场合都要遵循一定的规范和传统，而这些传统又具体表现为如鞠躬、握手和问好等正式礼仪上。All social occasions in Sweden are regulated by rules and traditions. And these traditions are expressed in a specific ritual made up of formal bows, handshakes, and greetings.每当有客人来访，瑞典人一成不变的问候是欢迎您！；而等客人离开时，主人也会告诉他欢迎您再来。When a visitor enters a Swedish home, he is invariably received with a Welcome; when he leaves, his host will tell him You will be welcome again. 这些可爱的字眼成为瑞士人社会生活中牢不可破的一部分，它们给这种生活抹上了一层昔日礼节的优雅风度。These charming phrases are an indestructible part of Swedish social life and they give it an old-world flavor of good manners.同样引人注意的是瑞典人对现代技术设备的接受。Equally attractive is the Swedish acceptance of modern technological equipment.在瑞典，游客们根本不用劳神到处去寻找电话，主要街道和公路上每隔一定距离便会有一个电话亭。 A traveler never needs to search for a telephone is Sweden: telephone booths are placed at regular intervals along the main streets and highways.又如在教堂，那里的长凳上配有助听器，为的是方便那些听力有困难的礼拜者 And in church, for example, long benches are fitted with hearing aids for worshippers who may be hard of hearing.瑞士人的家可以说是世界上设备最完美的家之一，而来瑞典的观光者也因那里高效的现代设施深感轻松和愉快。 Swedish homes are among the best equipped in the world and travelers in Sweden find their journeys made easy by the use of the most efficient modern devices.瑞典人是一个非常讲求效率和极为能干的民族，The Swedes are an efficient and most capable people.对他们来说，准时不只是一种美德-而是一种生活的原则，它来自于这个北欧民族最迷人的性格特点：即对朋友、熟人，尤其是对来访他们国家的客人的尊重。 This is their respect for their friends and acquaintances and especially for the visitor to their country.不管自己付出多少代价，瑞典人总要尽力避免给别人带来任何不便。 At whatever cost to themselves, they take care not to give another person the slightest degree of discomfort.The WestCoast The prevailing wind here is from the west ,and on stormy days the waves have a clear run all the way from the British Isles ,as much of the flotsam and jetsam washed ashore goes to show. 这里正常风是从西部，并且在风暴日波浪一样许多一直有清楚的奔跑从不列颠岛，漂在海上的难船，并且被冲上岸的jetsam去显示。 这里2是持续的地方，斯堪的那维亚的山中坚集会光秃的旁枝海，创造一个特别各种各样的风景。Here is where the last , bare offshoots of Scandinavias mountain backbone meet the sea, creating a particularly varied landscape. 斯堪的那维亚的山中坚集会光秃的旁枝海，创造一个特别各种各样的风景The next large island, Orust, is Swedens third lanrgest,and is famous for its boatbuilding, forests and agriculture.下个大海岛， Orust，是lanrgest的瑞典的第三，并且为它的boatbuilding，森林和农业是著名的 Many Swedes stil dream of owning a red cottage with white window frames,which has become synonymous with the countryside,summertime and holidays. 许多瑞典人拥有与白色窗架的一个红色村庄stil梦想，变得同义与乡下、夏令时和假日Preferably it should be built of wood and painted red with white window frames,perhaps with a gabled, tiled roof and a small garden with a lilac bower.Add a few birch trees close by , a flagpole,and the dream is complete. 应该更适宜地修造它木头和与白色窗架的被绘的红色，或许与一个有山墙，铺磁砖的屋顶和有一个淡紫色凉亭的一个小庭院。增加一些个桦树紧密，旗杆，并且梦想是完全的。 A new house, mass-produced and ready to assemble,complete with tower.Home builders in Sweden are increasingly using romanticism and charm to attract buyers.A新房，大量生产和准备好聚集，完全与塔。首页建造者在瑞典越来越使用浪漫主义和魅力吸引买家。 在瑞典的相对地苛刻的气候，人们的7经常修建了他们的朝南的倾斜的房子最大阳光的，倾斜的某一方式避免霜下来在谷和与有些树在小山顶部更适宜地防止受到向西北风。 In Swedens relatively harsh climate,people often built their houses on south-facing slopes for maximum sunlight,some way up the slope to avoid the frost down in the valley , and preferably with some trees at the top of the hill to protect against the north-westerly wind. The moss gleams succulent green in the sunlight streaming down between the branches of the fir trees.The bilberry and cowberry twigs rustle with your every step.Oh look, a chanterelle!Golden yellow,the delight of every mushroom picker. 青苔在放出下来在冷杉木的分支的之间阳光下闪烁多汁绿色。越桔和越橘枝杈沙沙响与您的每步。噢神色，黄蘑菇! 金黄黄色，每台蘑菇捡取器欢欣。A little stream ripples on its way.Silence prevails, the wind is but a faint rustle in the treetops , and on the barren slopes of the mountain,a woodpecker searches tor food in an old twisted pine trre. A在它的途中的少许小河波纹。沈默战胜，风是，但是微弱的沙沙声在树梢和在山的贫瘠倾斜，在一老扭转的杉木trre的啄木鸟查寻突岩食物。 Gotland,the largest island in the Baltic , first aooears as a narrow strip on the horizon.Soon you see the birght,sreep cliffs of the islands west coast,but not until going ashore do you appreciate the magic of this place. Gotland，最大的海岛在波罗地，第一aooears作为在天际的一个窄条。很快没有，直到去岸上您赞赏这个地方，魔术您看birght，海岛的西海岸的sreep峭壁，但是。The sense of going back in time is strong in the medieval Hanseatic town of Visby with its characteristic town walls ,cobbled streets ruined churches and picturesque little houses and lanes.感觉回去及时是强的在Visby中世纪商业同业公会的镇与它的典型镇墙壁的、被修补的街道被破坏的教会和美丽如画的小的房子和车道 最佳答案Dalarna University General IntroductionDalarna University, which has expanded considerably since its start in 1977, can now offer study programmes in such areas as arts, computer science, economics and business administration, engineering, media, sports, teacher training and tourism. In addition there are some 80 independent courses. The University is a medium-sized Swedish university with about 6000 students and operations in the twin cities of Falun and Borlnge.Dalarna University has the very latest technological equipment at its disposal. Individualised learning is facilitated by high computer density.The School of Arts and Education trains teachers for all grades in the Swedish Compulsory and Secondary Schools, i.e. for ages 7-19. The programmes generally take 3.5 years to complete and consist of a number of course modules. DalarnaYou will find Dalarna University in the province of Dalarna, which is famous for its rich culture; fiddlers and folk songs have been part of the tradition for generations.Dalarnas fine sports and recreational centres offer both top level athletes and the casual sportsman/woman all they could wish for in sports, recreation and exercise. Semester Dates (approx.)Autumn semester: 20 August -17 JanuarySpring semester: 18 January -7 June Student UnionAll students studying at Swedish universities are members of a student union by compulsory membership. At our university there are two different unions who arrange a great number of activities for the members: they have sports clubs, arrange parties and theatre.The International Committees of the Student Unions work with great enthusiasm to make our foreign students stay really enjoyable and they have developed a good organisation for taking care of them. Costs of livingAccommodation is offered in dormitories or flats and the rent is around 1500 &endash; 2000 SEK per month. Food in Sweden is estimated to about 2400 SEK per month. At the university you will find a restaurant and there are also many microwave ovens where students can warm their own food.We are putting a lot of effort into developing our international commitments, and both students and teachers can be sure of a warm welcome at Dalarna University. ITE Co-ordinatorCatharina Enhrning, International Relations OfficerSchool of Arts and EducationDalarna UniversityS-791 88 FALUNSWEDENPhone: +46 23 77 82 17Fax: +46 23 77 80 80E-mail: cendu.se +There is also Norwegian region called Dalane. Dalarna (helpinfo) is a historical province or landskap in central Sweden. A common English name form is Dalecarlia or Dalekarlia. Places involving the element Dalecarlia still exist in the United States.Dalarna adjoins Hrjedalen, Hlsingland, Gstrikland, Vstmanland and Vrmland. It is also bounded by Norway in the west.The word Dalarna means the dales (valleys). It is a region full of historical associations, and possesses strong local characteristics in respect of its products, and especially of its people. In one small region in Dalecarlia named lvdalen, the people speak their own dialect, the Dalecarlian language and have a traditional clothing. Historically, they are famed for their sturdy love of independenceCountyProvinces serve no administrative function in Sweden today. Instead, that function is served by the counties of Sweden. However, Dalarna has virtually the same boundaries as the corresponding Dalarna County, except for a part of the north-east (Hamra parish, also known as Orsa Finnmark) which is part of Ljusdal Municipality, Gvleborg County.GeographyThe geography is distinguished by lake Siljan in the middle part, and the Vsterdal River and sterdal River that join into the Dal River.The northern part of the province are within the Scandinavian mountain range, and are mountainous with many lakes. The southern part consists of plains, with several mines, most notably copper, traditionally forming part of Bergslagen.Highest point is Storvtteshgna with 1,204 meters. Lowest point is at 55 meters, in the south-east part.CitiesDalarna was historically divided into chartered cities and districts.Avesta (1641 - 1686, renewed 1919) Borlnge (1944, as Borlngio By 1390) Falun (1641) Hedemora (approximately 1400) Ludvika (1919) Ster (1642) Other townsLeksand Mora Orsa lvdalen Rttvik Tllberg Malung Slen Idre National parksFrnebofjrden Fulufjllet Hamra Tfsingdalen HistoryThe province was part of Svealand before Sweden was consolidated in the 11th century.Two historically notorious rebellions started in the Dalarna province: In 1434, led by Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, the miners rose against the oppression of the officers of Eric of Pomerania, and in 15191523 it was among the miners that Gustavus Vasa found his staunchest supporters in his patriotic task of freeing Sweden from the yoke of the Danes. HeraldryArms granted in 1560 , the use of two crossed arrows as a symbol precedes this. The province is also a duchy and the arms is represented with a dukal coronet. Blazon: Azure, two Dalecarlian Arrows Or in saltire point upwards pointed Argent and in chief a Crown of the first.Historically, Dalarna has enjoyed a rich and unique folk culture, with distinct music, paintings (often centered on Biblical themes) and handicraftcitation needed. The province was also the last province to abandon the use of the Runic alphabet, a local dialect of which, the so called Dalrunes, survived into the 19th century1.A famous symbol of the province is the Dalecarlian horse, in Swedish Dalahst, a painted and decorated wooden horse.The Vasaloppet, a cross country skiing race over 90 km, is held annually, on the first Sunday of March, between Slen