范文笔记24.docx

The speaker suggests that the most effective way to teach others is to praise positive actions while ignoring negative ones. In my view, this statement is too extreme. It overlooks circumstances under which praise might be inappropriate, as well as ignoring the beneficial value of constructive criticism, and sometimes even punishment. The recommendation that parents, teachers, and employers praise positive actions is generally good advice. For young children positive reinforcement is critical in the development of healthy self-esteem and self-confidence. For students appropriate positive feedback serves as a motivating force, which spurs them on to greater academic achievement. For employees, appropriately administered praise enhances productivity and employee loyalty, and makes for a more congenial and pleasant work environment overall. While recommending praise for positive actions is fundamentally sound advice, this advice should carry with it certain caveats. First, some employees and older students might fed excessive praise to be patronizing or paternalistic. Secondly, some individuals need and respond more appropriately to praise than others; those administering the praise should be sensitive to the individuals need for positive reinforcement in the first place. Thirdly, praise should be administered fairly and evenhandedly. By issuing more praise to one student than to others, a teacher might cause one recipient to be labeled by classmates as teachers pet, even if the praise is well deserved or badly needed. If the result is to alienate other students, then the praise might not be justified. Similarly, at the workplace a supervisor must be careful to issue praise fairly and evenhandedly, or risk accusations of undue favoritism, or even discrimination. As for ignoring negative actions, I agree that minor peccadilloes can, and in many cases should, be overlooked. Mistakes and other negative actions are often part of the natural learning process. Young children are naturally curious, and parents should not scold their children for every broken plate or precocious act. Otherwise, children do not develop a healthy sense of wonder and curiosity, and will not learn what they must in order to make their own way in the world. Teachers should avoid rebuking or punishing students for faulty reasoning, incorrect responses to questions, and so forth. Otherwise, students might stop trying to learn altogether. And employees who know they are being monitored closely for any sign of errant behavior are likely to be less productive, more resentful of their supervisors, and less loyal to their employers. At the same time, some measure of constructive criticism and critique, and sometimes even punishment, is appropriate. Parents must not turn a blind eye to their childs behavior if it jeopardizes the childs physical safety or the safety of others. Teachers should not ignore behavior that unduly disrupts the learning process; and of course teachers should correct and critique students class work, homework and tests as needed to help the students learn from their mistakes and avoid repeating them. Finally, employers must not permit employee behavior that amounts to harassment or that otherwise undermines the overall productivity at the workplace. Acquiescence in these sorts of behaviors only serves to sanction them. To sum up, the speakers dual recommendation is too extreme. Both praise and criticism serve useful purposes in promoting a childs development, a students education, and an employees loyalty and productivity. Yet both must be appropriately and evenhandedly administered; otherwise, they might serve instead to defeat these purposes. 生词：congenial : suitable to your needs or similar to your nature.Caveat: a warning against certain acts; Patronize: v.资助, 赞助; 光顾, 惠顾; 庇护; 对.以恩人自居Paternalistic: adj.家长作风的; 温和之专制主义的Alienate : 是疏远，转让。Accusation: n. 控告, 指控; 罪名; 指责; 谴责; 非难Peccadillo: n. 轻罪, 小暇疵, 小过Scold: v. 责骂; 唠唠叨叨地责备; 骂, 叱责Precocious: adj. 早熟的。Rebuke: n. 指责，谴责 v. 斥责Errant: n. 周游的; 错误的; 不定的Acquiescence: n. 默许。Dual: 双倍的，双重的。文章结构：重述作者的观点，之后表明不同意，为什么不同意。是因为 按周作者的观点，会造成. 的后果。 举例分析作者所提出来的例子，并说明其后果。 着重分析自己的观点，praising positive action 的几点好处，深度分析理由。并从反面分析，如果过度会带来什么样的后果。对作者观点的第二句进行分析，深入讲解理由。 后果等。根据题目举例说明作者的观点。 总结前几段的观点。 句型、句式：In my view, this statement is too extreme. It overlooks the circumstances under which., as well asThe beneficial of constructive criticism. Positive reinforcement.The development of healthy and self-esteem and self-confidence. Appropriate positive feedback. SpurCongenial and pleasant work environment. fundamentally sound advice. The praise is well deserved or badly needed.As for . I agr