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1 GrammarRevision 分词做状语和独立主格结构 2 分词做状语 V ing作状语 可表时间 原因 方式 结果 条件 让步 伴随或陪衬等含义 相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思 3 1 walk inthestreet Icameacrossanoldfriend When 2 be ill hedidn tgotoschool Because 3 use yourhead youwillfindaway If 4 Weweresittingbythewindow talk aboutwhathappenedyesterday 伴随 Hisparentsdied leave himanorphan 5 Havingmethimformanytimes shedecidedtohelphimout Aftershehadmethimformanytimes 1 v ing形式作状语时 若它所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 需用havingdone 被动形式havingbeendone2 v ing形式作状语时 其逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致 3 否定式直接在分词前加not 6 Notknowingheraddress wehadtogetintouchwithher finish theclass shewenthome catch onthespot thethiefhadtoadmithiscrime 7 Ved作状语 1 过去分词作状语 表示时间 条件 原因 让步 伴随情况等 过去分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语 8 see fromspace theearthlooksblue Whenitis keep inrefrigerator thesevegetableswillremainfresh Iftheyare Deeply move bythestory thechildrenbegantocry 9 过去完成时 1 定义 在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作 即 过去的过去 2 结构 haddone被动 hadbeendoneIhadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo clocklastnight IthoughtIhadseenhimbefore 10 与分词作状语交叉 Aftershehadfinishedtheofficework shecametothesittingroomandrelaxed Havingfinishedtheofficework she 11 Practice 1 fromhearttroubleforyears ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes A SufferedB SufferingC HavingsufferedD Beingsuffered 12 2 Hesentmeane mail togetfurtherinformation A hopedB hopingC tohopeD hope 13 3 Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain A anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC alakewasdiscoveredundergroundD theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake 14 4 Suddenly atallmandrivingagoldencarriage thegirlandtookheraway intothewoods seizing disappearedB seized disappearedC seizing disappearingD seized disappearing 15 5 inthequeueforhalfanhour Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome A TowaitB HavewaitedC HavingwaitedD Tohavewaited 16 6 If thesametreatmentagain he ssuretogetwell A givingB giveC givenD beinggiven 17 7 Unless tospeak youshouldremainsilentattheconference A invitedB invitingC beinginvitedD havinginvited 18 7 in1636 HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates A BeingfoundedB ItwasfoundedC FoundedD Founding 19 独立主格结构 1 由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构 用于修饰整个句子 20 2 特点1 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同 它独立存在 2 名词或代词与后面的分词 形容词 副词 不定式 介词等是主谓关系 3 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开 21 3 结构名词 主格代词 现在分词 过去分词 不定式 形容词 副词 介词短语Therebeing 名词 代词Itbeing 名词 代词 22 Thegirl stare athim Asthegirlstaredathim hedidn tknowwhattosay Time permit Iftimepermits wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow Theproblems solve Astheproblemsweresolved thequalityhasbeenimproved 23 独立主格与状语从句的转换 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不同时 可用独立主格结构取代状语从句 但不再保留连词 Afterclasswasover thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom Classbeingover Classover 24 Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane someoldpartstohelp Hismother being ill hehadtostayhometolookafterher Themeeting being over theyallwenthome 25 being 或havingbeen 不能省略的情形 1 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时 ItbeingSunday wewenttochurch 2 在Therebeing 名词 代词的结构中 Therebeingnobus wehadtogohomeonfoot 26 OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom bookinhand n pron 介词短语结构中 n pron前不可用冠词或形容词性物主代词 his her our 27 Practice 1 Thecave verydark helitsomecandles light was givenB was togiveC being givenD being togive 28 2 Thesoldierrushedintothecave hisrighthand agunandhisface withsweat Aheld coveredB holding coveringC holding coveredD held covering3 Thegirlinthesnapshot 快照 wassmilingsweetly herlonghair A flowedinthebreezeB wasflowinginthebreezeC wereflowinginthebreezeD flowinginthebreeze 29 4 Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool theirlessons fortheday A finishingB finishedC hadfinishedD werefinished 30 5 wewenthome A OurhomeworkhadbeenfinishedB OurhomeworkhavingbeenfinishedC OurhomeworkfinishingD Ourhomeworkbeenfinished6 Themeeting hewentbacktohiscompany A OverB hadoverC wasoverD havebeenover 31 7 heputonhiscoat A ItbeingcoldB ItcoldC BeingcoldD Ithavingbeencold8 Time weshallvisitthezoo A beenpermittingB permittingC permittedD havingbeenpermitted 32 9 wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightaway A TherewasnotimeleftB ThereisnotimeleftC TherebeingnotimeleftD Theretobenotimeleft 33 10 Shestoodthere fromhercheeks tears rollingdownB tearsrolleddownC withtearsrolleddownD tearsrollingdown 34 11 Theboystoodbeforetheroastedduck hiseyes onitandhismouth A werefixed waswateredB fixed wateringC fixed wateredD werefi

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