四级作文范文2014.doc

四级作文指导 第一节 四级作文的写作要求 一 大学英语课程教学要求对四级考试的写作要求 大学英语课程教学要求列出对高等院校非英语专业本科生英语书面表达能力的一般要求是：“能用一般常见的应用文体完成一般的写作任务，能描述个人经历、事件、观感、情感等，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本写作技能。 二、四级作文的写作标准 一般说来，考生在四级作文写作中应做到：1. 评写、语法、标点正确，用词恰当2遵循文章的特定文体格式；3合理组织文章结构，使内容统一、连贯4根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语言。 第二节 四级作文评分 一、 评分透视 （一）评分原则：采用总体评分方法，阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。阅卷人员从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评分。 二、作文等级 作文占总分的15%，分值为142分。按照卷面分为15分计算，阅卷标准公分五个等级：2分，5分，8分，11分和14分。 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷进行分析，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣与该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减有一分（9分）。但不得加或减半分。各分数档的评分标准是： 1. 2分：条理不清，思路紊乱；语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 2. 5分：基本切题；表达思想不清楚，连贯性差；有较多的严重语言错误。 3. 8分：基本切题；有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多。其中有一些是严重错误。 411分：切题；表达思想清楚，文字连贯；但有少量语言错误。 514分：切题；表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好；基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。 三、 字数要求 不少于120字。字数不足要酌情扣分，扣分标准如下：字数 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 70-79 69 扣分 1 2 3 5 7 9 关于字数要求，需注意以下两点：1 若题目中给出主题句、起始句、结尾句，均不得计入所写字数。2 若只写一段，得分为04分；只写两段，得分为09 （针对明确要求写三段的作文而言）。 四、 高分作文特点 四级作文评分强调五个标准，即内容切题，表达清楚，文字连贯，句式多变和语言规范。根据这五个标准，一篇高分作文应该具有以下几个特点： 1内容切题。文章要结构完整、内容充实（包含提纲、图表和题目要求的所有信息）、主题突出、前后文内容统一。 2表达清楚。文章要具有清晰的层次和充分有利的论证。中西方文化差异造成思维方式和文字表述方式截然不同；中文中多出现概括描述，而英文表述更注重事实论证。所以，写英文作文不要过多地进行心理描述、环境描写，而是要用理由和实例来说明问题。 3文字连贯。语言表达要流畅，要使用恰当的连接词使前后语句连贯，逻辑性强，不相互矛盾，不东拉西扯。 4句式多变。为了避免文章平淡、呆板，可使用不同的句式：强调句、到装句、否定句。长短句合理相间：短句表达有力的结论，用长句体现严密的逻辑关系。 5语言规范。用词要准确，并能表现出足够大的词汇；所用语言符合英语的习惯并且语法错误较少；不出现有语法错误的句子和不合理的断句；正确使用平衡结构。 五、阅卷老师的忠告 1卷面整洁 2字数达标 3文体统一： 不宜使用非正式用语。 如：OKDo you agree me ? Thats all, thank you 。 4主题突出 文章中的段落主题句应紧紧围绕文章主题来写，段落中的扩展句都应围绕段落主题句来组织。 5文字连贯好的文章要注意文字连贯，连贯性主要体现在句子与句子、段落与段落的衔接上，这种衔接主要通过衔接词来实现，如such as, but , because of等。这些词把句子或段落从语义上连接起来，使文章语言流畅、内容通顺，形成一个有机整体。 6内容一致与主题无关或联系不紧密的句子或词语尽量不要涉及。 7语句多样 在举例说明的段落中尤其要注意语句的多样性。 8符合试题要求 动笔前一定要注意看清楚写作内容上的要求。 9首尾呼应 10检查到位 注意以下三个方面内容： （1）拼写错误 （2）语法错误：时态、语态、语气、单复数、主胃一致、拼写、大小写等。 （3）句子是否完整 第三节 四级作文试题分析 一 四级作文的题材与体裁 （一）题材 四级作文题材可分为两大类：贴近大学生的学习和课余生活的校园话题；有关社会变化、发展和进步的热点话题。 （二）体裁 四级作文真题共有三种体裁：说明议论文、叙事议论文和应用文。其中说明议论文占的比例比较大。 二、 四级作文的三大题型 近年来的四级作文试题往往不是单一类型的，而是表现为结合两种或三种命题形式的综合提纲式作文。 （一）图表命题作文 此题型一般为“图表+写作要求（提纲）式命题。信息图表的形式出现，隐含在图表中。该作文就是要求考生在看完图表后，在理解的基础上，通过自己的分析判断，用英语来描述图表，通过量与量的关系，以及某一变量的发展趋势含义，概括或揭示每一张图表所要传达的信息。 （二） 文字命题作文 要求考生根据所给的文章标题和提纲，确定文章的体裁和中心思想，之后紧扣已经确定的中心思想，遵循文章体裁的写作规则展开思路。文章的提纲不仅表明了文章的段落层次，同时也揭示了每一个段落的主要内容。命题+提纲式作文通过题目要求便知道文章的主旨。 三、 四级作文命题趋势分析1.与考生的日常生活息息相关，是考生比较容易发挥的题目。2.题目仍然属于“大众话题”3.作文并不在题目的理解上过多地为难考生，而是更注重考生的写作功底。4.命题+提纲式作文代表着今后四级作文命题的基本趋势。 常用写作句型 现象解释型模板一 According to the chart/graph/ table/ picture, it is clear that 图表/画内容总概括. The chart/graph/ table/picture shows 具体描述图表/图画内容一, while 具体描述图表/图画内容二. Many reasons contribute to 现象概括.To begin with, 原因一. 进一步阐述原因一. Moreover, 原因二. In addition, 原因三. As a result, 段落总结句. As to me, I think 我的观点/态度/建议. First of all, 理由一. Besides, 理由二. To conclude, 段落总结句. 模板二 TopicFrom the chart/graph/ table/picture, we learn that nowadays, 总述社会现象/事实现象, which has aroused the great /common concern. what impresses me most is 现象突出表现. That are many reasons accounting for 现象或变化.First of all, 原因一. 进一步阐述原因一. What is more, 原因二. For example, 举例说明原因二. In addition, 原因三.As far as I am concerned, 我的观点. For one thing/On one hand 理由一. For another/ On the other hand, 理由二. Thus/In brief/Taking above mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that段落总结句. 常用句型 As is described in the chart/graph/table/picture, in the past few decades, there have arisen sharp increase in如图中所示， 在过去的几十年中， 急剧增长。The chart/graph/table/picture describes that the figure declines/falls smoothly/markedly, it indicates that图表显示数字下降平缓/明显， 这表明In the chart/graph/table/picture, we can seen that there was a slight/ marked fluctuation. It reveals that在图表中，我们可以看到有细微/很明显的波动，这表明Recently, the problems of has become the focus of the public concern.近来，问题引起公众极大的关注。There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/ are responsible for/ explain可能是好几个因素造成的结果。There may be several possible reasons for which will be demonstrated below.可能有几个原因导致了我们下面所要阐述的问题。Its no easy /simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factors.要解释该现象产生的原因并不容易，因为其中涉及到很多复杂的因素。 Among all the important/convincing reasons for,one should be emphasized在所有重要/有力的原因中， 我们应当重点关注 问题解决型 模板一 Topic It is well-known that 相关背景, but nowadays 总述不良现象或问题. 现象具体表现一.现象的具体表现二.It should be paid attention to that 该现象 is causing great harm/该现象 is caused for many reasons. On one hand, 危害一/原因一. On the other hand, 危害二/原因二. Therefore, it is high time that 解决问题.First of all, 解决方法一. 进一步阐述方法一. Secondly/In addition, 解决方法二. Thirdly/Besides/Morever. 解决方法三. Only in this way can we解决问题. 模板二 Topic There has been a discussion recently about 事实现象. It is obvious that 危害一/作用一. Additionally, 危害二/作用二. So how to 解决问题 is worth paying attention to.On one hand/ Firstly, 解决方法一.进一步阐述方法二On the other hand/Secondly,解决方法二.For example,支持该方法的例子. In addition/ Thirdly, 解决方法三.In fact, more than three ways can be adopted. As for me, 我的思考或看法. All in all, 总结全文. 常用句型 It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation. There is little doubt that serious attention must be called toThere is no immediate solution to the problem of,but might be helpful/ but the general awareness of the necessity ofmight be the first step.In order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great efforts toTo conclude, we can see the best way isFollowing these methods may not guarantee the success in solution to, but the payoff will be worth the effort.常用写作句型 对比选择型 模板一 Topic Different people have different views on看法/问题. Somme prefer 一种看法观点. Others tend to 另一种看法/观点. As for me, I agree to the first/ second opinion.Of course, 我不赞同的观点的合理性.For example, 支持其合理性的例子. But 我不赞同的观点的不足. The following reason can account for your preference.The main reason is that 支持观点的理由一. A good example to illustrate is that 支持理由一的例子. In addition/ Whats more,支持观点的理由二. For the foregoing, 重申观点. 模板二 Topic When it comes to事物/问题, different people will offer different opinions. Some people take it for granted that 观点一. In their opinion, 观点一的理由一. Besides, 观点一的理由二.However, others hold that观点二. They maintain that 观点二的理由一. And 观点二的理由二. Weighing up these two arguments, I am for 观点一/观点二. On one hand, 理由一. On the other hand, 理由二. For instance, 举例说明理由二. Therefore, as stated above, 重申观点.常用句式 There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of Some argue that ,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue. In response to the problem, some people believe,in their minds,Other maintain that, in their eyes, Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion. In conclusion, it is clear that观点论证型模板一 It is true that 普遍的观点. However, 不同的观点/现象. I think,我的观点. 理由或其他论据 can be listed as follows. Firstly，论据一. Secondly, 论据二. For example, 支持论据二的事例. Thirdly, 论据三. A case in point is 支持论据三的事例. There is no doubt that 重申观点. Therefore, 与该观点相符的做法. In a word, 总结全文.模板二Topic Many people believe that 社会现象/事实. The truth is deep and profound. As we all know,具体表现一. In addition, 具体表现二. There are numerous examples supporting this argument. A case in point is 阐述第一个例子 For another example, 引出并说明第二个例子. Moreover, 阐述第三个例子.All mentioned above that tells us that重申观点. But (One thing we have to notice is that ) 提出个人建议. In short,总结全文.常用句式 It is well known that plays an important part in It is believed that There are many reasons explaining From what has been mentioned above, we may safely come to the conclusion that 应用文 建议信模板 DateDear _, I am delighted to learn that _. It_. In my opinion, _. On one hand,_. On the other hand,_. As to _, I suggest _. If_. It is unnecessary for you to _. In addition, _. I am sure _. Please inform me _. I am looking forward to _.Sincerely yours,Signature 常用句式 I would like to suggest that / I am writing with my suggestion that You have asked me for my advice with regard to and I will try to make some conducive suggestions. If I were you, I would As you may agree that. I hope you will find these suggestions helpful/ practical/ useful. I hope you will take my suggestions into consideration. I would be happy to see improvements in this regard. I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details. 倡议书模板 Date Dear_, I am writing this letter to call on _to _. As some of you may know,_. In fact,_.It is necessary for us to_. On one hand,_. On the other hand, _. However,_. So it is high time_. Firstly, _.Secondly, _. If you are willing to _, please _. Join us in the action and extend _into a spirit that dares any possible difficulties.Thank you. 求职信模板 DateDear_, I am applying for the position of _advertised in _. I major in _. My training in _definitely meet your qualifications. My complete resume is attached. I will graduate on_ from_. In addition to the required courses of this program, I have_. I also have some experience in _. I believe my training and experience _. You will find me to be _ I hope that you will consider me for your position. May I have a personal interview at your convenience? I can be reached by telephone _.Sincerely yours,Signature 常用句式 I am writing to apply for the post of advertised in In reply to your advertisement in, I beg to apply for the post in your company. I feel I have the qualifications and experiences needed for the position of I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonials as you request. I hope I may be granted an interview when I can explain my qualification more fully. It seems that my experience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role ofin your firm. 四级作文范文The Low-Carbon Lifestyle 1. 什么是低碳生活2. 低碳生活方式有何益处3. 我们应该如何去做 Nowadays, there are a considerable number of individuals who prefer to lead a low-carbon lifestyle which find expression in the fact that more and more commuters are using public transportation system in their daily life.Low carbon lifestyle can endow us and our society with numerous benefits. Firstly, it goes beyond doubt that low carbon lifestyle contributes a lot to environmental protection and it is a favorable way to slow down the rate of climate change of our earth, which also means a lot to our health. We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a low-carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance. And there is a diversity of measures we can take so as to lead such an environment-friendly life. For one thing, we are expected to minimize the use of private cars, which emit a large amount of greenhouse gases. For another, we are supposed to cultivate the public awareness of energy conservation for energy in the world today is decreasing rapidly. For instance, we can turn off electrical appliances if not necessary as well as using renewable materials. Furthermore, at our leisure, we can seek opportunities to plant more trees which can absorb carbon-dioxide.In brief, low-carbon lifestyle is nothing but the best choice for us and only in this way can we form a harmonious relationship with the environment.四级作文范文：To Leave or Stay, My Choice on Graduation 1、 大学毕业时学生有多项选择2、一些毕业生想离校找工作，另一些想留校进一步深造3、我的打算 Writing sample (for reference)To hunt for a job or to pursue further study is a controversy among many college graduates. Some students plan to leave school to find a job for they believe four-year academic training has well prepared them for future career, but if I should make the choice I would prefer to continue my education for a higher degree.This preference can be explained by a couple of factors. For one thing, I am keenly interested in my subject and university is a good place to do more research. If I stayed here for another couple of years, I would surely get further insights into the field where I study. For another, the development of society demands people with better qualifications. The higher degree one holds, the more competence one may have. Above all, with several more years at school, I will be a better-educated person with surer control of myself and a better understanding of the world. Naturally, it will be easier for me to find a more satisfactory job in the future.Therefore, I am now working hard on postgraduate entrance exams. Though it means more time and money will be spent, I firmly believe it is well worth the efforts and costs.四级作文范文：The Two Sides of a Mobile Phone 1、当今手机的食用变得越来越普及2、手机的优点和可能产生的副作用3、我对手机的看法Writing sample (for reference)As a product of modern technology, a mobile phone is being more and more widely used. Being small in size, light in weight and easy to carry, it offers fast and convenient service for the worlds communication. However, as is the case with many issues, a mobile phone has both positive and negative aspects.On the positive side, a mobile phone allows calls to be made instantly from almost any location. This can be vital where emergency services need to be called. Another underlying benefit is its convenience for social or business purposes. If one travels to a business meeting on a delayed train, a call can be made from the train to inform others of his situation. Moreover a mobile phone can serve as a connection to the Internet, which can be extremely convenient for obtaining information. On the negative side, the fact that a mobile phone allows a person to be contacted at any time can in itself be a disadvantage. Another disadvantage is the perceived health risks associated with its use. Some people believe that using mobile phones for long periods can damage the brain. Still another disadvantage is the nuisance it can cause at times when the sound of a phone ringing is irritating, such as in the classroom, or at the theater.No sensible man will deny that a mobile phone has both benefits and drawbacks but on balance perhaps the merits of a mobile phone outweigh its demerits since a mobile phone has become an integral part of modern life.作文范文 - Online Games 1、现在有些大学生沉迷于网络游戏，家长和学校对此甚为担忧；2、有人认为网络游戏并非一无是处；3、你对此的看法是.For reference:Online Games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. Many of the students have enjoyed great pleasure from the games. But some others are so much indulged in the games that their studies and health are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents. However, some people argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. They can also stimulate students interest in computer science. Moreover, they can release college students study pressures greatly. In my opinion, online games may refresh our minds and bring us certain pleasure when we are tired of studies. But we should have a strong self-control and play the games only when we have finished our study tasks. If we play them in the right way, we might benefit a lot from them. But if we are addicted to them, we might harvest great sorrows.作文练习（参考要点） 1、近年来中文里出现了大量的新词。2、社会各界对此有不同的看法。3、我的立场。Ideas for reference only：Yes:1. Language is a living organism and it is also a tool. It is useless to try to stop language from changing. Just look at how different modern Chinese is from classical texts. New things and new situations emerge, and there has to be new language to describe them. The authorities did a good thing to let people know about these new expressions. 2. There are ways we can maintain the beauty and purity of our national language while constantly updating it. Certain slang words and expression that are deemed by most as vulgar can be discouraged, but other useful new elements should be maintained.No:1. New words and expressions are being coined by the minute, especially on the Internet, and they can become obsolete just as rapidly. Many of us have never heard things like “xx zu”. Whats the use of making such an expression official? This will only cause confusion when people communicate.Not all change is good. Instead of just listing new expressions, the authorities should take a stand and tell people what exactly bad usage is and what should be discouraged. People cant take just any new expressions for granted.作文范文-Say No to Jaywalking Writing Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Say No to Jaywalking” You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below. 1. 乱穿马路现象在一些城市时有发生 2. 这一现象产生的主要原因 3. 如何杜绝这一现象 Say No to Jaywalking No