Discussion on the theory of Schopenhauer39s pessimistic philosophy of life causes2257.doc

Discussion on the theory of Schopenhauers pessimistic philosophy of life causes Abstract: Looking at Schopenhauers pessimistic philosophy of life, from the will to the desires of life, from the desire to pain, constituted a dominant line of nothingness. This deeply pessimistic tone Kant, the worlds two points and the impact of Buddhist philosophy in India. Its philosophy is no doubt the community has a certain passivity. However, recalling the history of Western philosophy, but it can not ignore his ideas on later philosophy, in particular the impact of non-rationalist schools. Key words: life will; pessimism; Schopenhauer; philosophy of life Schopenhauers philosophy of life the basic emotional tone is pessimistic. In his view, the world is an illusion, life is painful. Live in a world is the endless pain and endless suffering. First, the theoretical idea of pessimism Schopenhauer believed that the will of life energy, desire, and desire is endless, and desires are not met is a pain. Thus, life in its essence is a pain. The world, including life, including their very nature is the will, but not only as a specific desires and needs of life will exist, but also a need to gather countless types of body 1. Will is indomitable vitality, spontaneous vitality of all desires, needs roots. Desires, needs are not met, that is scarce is the lack of pain. The persons memory, intellect aggravated the pain. Because, not only the direct immediate pain, and because memories of the suffering of the past have stored in memory at any time may occasionally be due to regain consciousness. The mentally more developed, the higher the level of pain, so with the understanding that increasingly clear awareness of the more strengthened, and the pain also, and this is a direct proportion. To the people, the pain has reached the highest level, and a person The higher the intelligence, understanding more clearly, the more painful, others have a genius the most painful. 1 In this way, because desire can not be met and the peoples memory, intellect has deepened the feelings of pain, so people have never is painful. However, if the desire to be satisfied, but found that the meet is only temporary, but temporary desire to meet again after the new desires and trigger a new pain. So, desire is endless, the pain is endless. Met, and until people have a variety of pain much entanglement; to meet the following, in addition to back pain there will not be something else, but only changed a painful form. Defects in the original form of suffering, deprivation, if you do not appear in this original form, will be put on frivolous, emptiness that fulsome vest comes, when the terrible emptiness, boredom will be headed toward life. Therefore, Life is like a pendulum between pain and boredom with the same swing back and forth, in fact, both the pain and boredom that is, the two final elements of life. 1 Life is suffering a lack of state sought to remove the can not want to get rid of the miserable existence 1. Second, the impact of Kant, the worlds two sub - Schopenhauer himself, as Will and Representation of the World is mentioned in the preamble to the first edition of his philosophy of life deeply the impact of Kants philosophy. He inherited the Kantian dichotomy of the world and put forward the will of life as the worlds nature, the traditional metaphysical issues and life issues directly connected. The essence of life as the world will limit the scope of the role of reason and life will be endless desires, thus making his philosophy of life slid into the pessimism among colors. Kant divided the world into things from the body and appearance of the world, and that our understanding of cognitive ability can only appearance in the world, and material from the body of the world is our cognitive abilities that fall. Schopenhauers philosophy as a basis, starting from the main representation and determination that the world is made of two well-known proposition The world is my representation and The world is my will. But unlike Kant, he believed that the world is to get to know the identity of the. In the past that the world is the universe of philosophy, I was a small universe, but Schopenhauer that the world is big me, I was little I have. Thus the appearance of the world, in essence, knowledge can be returned to the people themselves realize. Schopenhauer believed that The world is my representation, this is a truth, is for any one living with and understanding of the biological truths are valid; but only one can integrate it into reflective and abstract consciousness nothing more. 1 Therefore, the unknowable thing in itself is the will, all acts are the will of the appearance. Representation is not the world, the true meaning of life, but only in space and time subject to the inevitable law of sufficient reason to reflect. This is for him to seek to understand the fundamental mechanisms of life and doctrine of the world made preparations, and for his philosophy of life laid the foundation toward pessimism. First of all, life will rational and behavioral constraints. Schopenhauer the world is inevitable that the appearance of the area, in representation of the world, man and animals is the difference between rational people. Reason can only be confined to within the scope of representation and can not understand the world through the appearance of nature. In his view, the reason is just life, the will of the tool, its function is to satisfy peoples desire to meet the individual and the physical needs of the race, so that the individual be able to continue the family line, race prospered. Here, the life of the irrational nature of the will as the world is bound to inhibit the supremacy of reason. In order to ensure the status of life, the essence of the will, he will also lives under the domination of the action will be understood as not free. Because rational, motivational arising from the acts of each one by the strict necessity arising. So people in spite of many scheduled to think about, but they act because of the inevitability of dominance, he must Yousheng the end of the beginning of life has always been reluctant to play their role, must also be equally responsible for their own that part of the performed until the tragedy of watching the film plot. Secondly, life will certainly endless desires. Schopenhauer believed that the essence of life as the world will be free, and it dominates everything, including physical appearance, including the world. The world is a complicated appearance, but its essence is a single, the whole appearance of the will of the world is the same life. As the world reflects the will of the nature of life in the human body, the more conscious people, the more pain, fear, struggling. This is because life will surely desire. It has no purpose, no reason, no satisfaction, no basis to pursue an endless process. Even if there is a temporary satisfaction, it would only give a greater desire behind a persons nature at this time of pain on the slide. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download http:/ Third, the impact of Buddhist philosophy in India Schopenhauers pessimism, philosophy of life is also affected by Upanishads, Veda and so the impact of Buddhist philosophy in India. This effect is specifically manifested in: Life is pain, the pain is rooted in desire, solution is abstinence. 1. Life is pain Life basically is painful, this is determined by the freedom of the will of life decisions. Schopenhauers life will directly affected by the Indian classic Upanishads and the impact of the book to the nature of the universe as is the soul, saying That is you, but Schopenhauer as will to replace the word, that a blind, unconscious unstoppable impulse. Is this the fundamental impulse of life caused by pain or satisfied. The so-called happiness is only momentary pain of the pains of this state to reduce or temporarily obscured. All the people in general the so-called satisfaction or happiness, in the original sense, and essentially only negative, in any case by no means positive, happiness is always a desire to meet. Because it met, that is flawed, defects that is painful 1. Meanwhile, the Buddhist belief is that throughout the life, health, aging, sickness and death process, only a bitterness. In Agama When a persons life be summed up as Eight bitter: birth, old age, illness, death, Yuan Zeng Council Aibie Li, the demand shall not be five Yin Sheng. Buddhism in this life, Oliver view and Schopenhauers understanding of human suffering that is the same. Schopenhauer believed that Life on the whole root is already there can be no true happiness, life, in essence, is a form of a multiplicity of pain, is a consistent state of unfortunate. 1 In this way, they have found in life itself is pain, life is a painful process. 2. Suffering because of ignorance of the desires Buddhism stresses the bitter, set, destroy, Road Four Noble Truths, of which the set (edge) is hard to write down a reason. Samudaya in Buddhism is thirsty is the corruption take, desires. This is the heart of desire that is never played false Ming-sheng, I see. Therefore, the set is not the will of the individual nature of self-evidence of lifes fundamental lack of understanding of the state, is caused by the veil of Maya, that is to conceal the truth of the curtain body covered the worlds imagination. In the veil of Maya, the illusion, only to see specific, discrete, and very different appearance. This understanding and the will of Schopenhauers view of life very similar to the causes of pain. Schopenhauer believed that the will is the desire of life, while the cause of that misery is endless desires. One can only see the will to life is reflected in the appearance of the world, so tightly grasp the carnival and enjoy lives that link, did not know that he is precisely because of this activity will seize the tightly embraces major deterrent in the lives of all he saw the pain and suffering. 1 and do not see it all come from the only one life, will 1. 3. The solution is abstinence Now that is the essence of life, pain, boredom, the root cause of the suffering caused by desire, fate is death, then the individual understand the nature of self and the world, understanding the will of the inherent contradictions of life and nature of nothingness, recognizing that self-interest and self-desire is a manifestation of the will of life. Thus the individuals psychology to produce a strong aversion to the will of life will need to pass in order to abstinence, asceticism and other action to continue to deny the will of life. Buddhism proposed ring, will, Hui and Three Studies self-cultivation as a solution to this criterion, through the Three Studies Clear human greed, which in essence is the abstinence approach. The Schopenhauer that abstinence can be shown in the following three aspects: First, voluntary renunciation of sexual desire. Because sexual life is the will of the strongest performance. Sexual satisfaction, life, reproduction is actually extending the individual suffering. Tantamount to a refusal to give up sexual transmission of this suffering. The second is willing to experience pain. It is precisely because the individual experiences of pain and suffering and even despair, the individual can turn to understand the appearance of