Environmental Protection(环境保护演讲PPT).ppt

TeamfromlandscapearchitectureclassXTeamMembers EnvironmentalProtection Ourtopic Whatdoyouknowaboutgreenhouseeffect Globalwarming Risingsealevels Theimpactontheearth Outline GreenhouseeffectGlobalwarmingRisingsealevels Greenhouseeffect Whatisthegreenhouseeffect Onasunnywinterday youparkyourcarinthesun lockit andgocruisethelocalshoppingmallforacoupleofhours Whenyoucomebacklaterandgetintoyourcar whatdoyounotice Istheinteriorofthecarhotorcold Howdoesthetemperatureinsideofyourcarcomparetothetemperatureoutside Ifyouhaveeverbeeninsideofagreenhouse especiallywhenthesunisout whathaveyouobserved Itisdefinitelywarm andusuallytheairismoist Agreenhouseiscommonlywarmerthantheoutsideairbecauseagreenhousehastheabilitytotrapheatinsideofit Thisphenomenoniscalledthegreenhouseeffect Greenhouseeffect Theheatcausedbyinfraredradiationisabsorbedby greenhousegases suchaswatervapor carbondioxide ozoneandmethane whichslowsitsescapefromtheatmosphere Althoughgreenhousegasesmakeuponlyabout1percentoftheEarth satmosphere theyregulateourclimatebytrappingheatandholdingitinakindofwarm airblanketthatsurroundstheplanet Lifeontheearthdependsonenergyfromthesun About30percentofthesunlightthatbeamstowardEarthisdeflectedbytheouteratmosphereandscatteredbackintospace Therestreachestheplanet ssurfaceandisreflectedupwardagainasatypeofslow movingenergycalledinfraredradiation Greenhouseeffect ThegreenhouseeffectisanaturallyoccurringprocessthataidsinheatingtheEarth ssurfaceandatmosphere Itresultsfromthefactthatcertainatmosphericgases suchascarbondioxide watervapor andmethane areabletochangetheenergybalanceoftheplanetbyabsorbinglongwaveradiationemittedfromtheEarth ssurface WithoutthegreenhouseeffectlifeonthisplanetwouldprobablynotexistastheaveragetemperatureoftheEarthwouldbeachilly 18 Celsius ratherthanthepresent15 Celsius Greenhouseeffect HowDoHumansContributetotheGreenhouseEffect WhilethegreenhouseeffectisanessentialenvironmentalprerequisiteforlifeonEarth therereallycanbetoomuchofagoodthing Theproblemsbeginwhenhumanactivitiesdistortandacceleratethenaturalprocessbycreatingmoregreenhousegasesintheatmospherethanarenecessarytowarmtheplanettoanidealtemperature Greenhouseeffect Burningnaturalgas coalandoil includinggasolineforautomobileengines raisesthelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere Somefarmingpracticesandland usechangesincreasethelevelsofmethaneandnitrousoxide Greenhouseeffect Deforestationalsocontributestoglobalwarming Treesusecarbondioxideandgiveoffoxygeninitsplace whichhelpstocreatetheoptimalbalanceofgasesintheatmosphere Asmoreforestsareloggedfortimberorcutdowntomakewayforfarming however therearefewertreestoperformthiscriticalfunction Manyfactoriesproducelong lastingindustrialgasesthatdonotoccurnaturally yetcontributesignificantlytotheenhancedgreenhouseeffectand globalwarming thatiscurrentlyunderway Greenhouseeffect Ultimately moregreenhousegasesmeansmoreinfraredradiationtrappedandheld whichgraduallyincreasesthetemperatureoftheEarth ssurfaceandtheairintheloweratmosphere Populationgrowthisanotherfactoringlobalwarming becauseasmorepeopleusefossilfuelsforheat transportationandmanufacturingthelevelofgreenhousegasescontinuestoincrease Asmorefarmingoccurstofeedmillionsofnewpeople moregreenhousegasesentertheatmosphere Globalwarming Whatistheglobalwarming GlobalwarmingisthecontinuingriseintheaveragetemperatureofEarth satmosphereandoceans Globalwarming Whatistheimpactofglobalwarming SuchanunusuallyrapidrateofchangewouldaffectfundamentalEarthsystemsuponwhichourverylivesdepend R Cincludingoceancirculationandthehydrological carbonandnutrientcycles Itwoulddisruptthenaturalandmanagedecosystemsthatprovideuswithwater foodandfiber Itwouldaddtoexistingenvironmentalstressessuchasdesertification decliningwaterquality stratosphericozonedepletion urbanairpollutionanddeforestation Howwillglobalwarmingaffectourworld thebookletofPICC Reference http www ipcc ch Globalwarming 1 SpreadofdiseaseAsnortherncountrieswarm diseasecarryinginsectsmigratenorth bringingplagueanddiseasewiththem Indeedsomescientistsbelievethatinsomecountries thankstoglobalwarming malariahasnotbeenfullyeradicated 2 Increasedprobabilityandintensityofdroughtsandheatwaves Globalwarming 3 PolaricecapsmeltingTheicecapsmeltingisafour prongeddanger theleftsidepicture 4 Morefloods therightsidepicture Floodingrepresentsoneofthemostdangeroushazardstohumansettlementsandisoneofthemostpotentiallymomentousimpactsofglobalwarming Globalwarming 5 Desertification 6 TsunamisAlthoughglobalwarmingdoesnotdirectlyinfluencetheformationoftsunamis theycanbegeneratedbyeventsthatarebroughtaboutbyanamplificationoftheplanet stemperature Globalwarming 7 ColdWavesMorethan150peoplelosttheirlivesduringthe2009to2010winterafterrecordlowtemperaturesandabundantsnowfallcauseddisruptiontomuchofEurope whichdoesn ttakeintoaccountthemanythousandsmoreexcesswinterdeathsthatwerecausedindirectly ItwastheUK scoldestwinterforthreedecades 8 IncreasedvolcanicactivityMeltingglaciationscanusherinnew morefrequentandmoredangerousepisodesofvolcanicactivity Globalwarming 9 LossofbiodiversityandanimalextinctionLossofhabitatforpolar iceedgecommunitiessuchaspolarbearsisperhapsthemostobviousconsequenceofhavingawarmerclimate 10 Deathofoceanlife Globalwarming 11 Warmerwatersandmorehurricanes 12 EconomicconsequencesMostoftheeffectsofanthropogenicglobalwarmingwon tbegood Andtheseeffectsspellonethingforthecountriesoftheworld economicconsequences Hurricanescausebillionsofdollarsindamage diseasescostmoneytotreatandcontrolandconflictsexacerbateallofthese Globalwarming 13 FiresandwildfiresAstheplanetcontinuestowarm dryareasoflandthatarealreadysusceptibletowildfiresarelikelytoberavagedbyevenmorefrequentanddestructiveepisodes In2007 morethan3 000firesbroughtdestructiontoSoutheasternEuropethankstoalongsummerthatcreatedaridandparchedconditions asituationthatwouldbecomenormalasaconsequenceofthegreenhouseeffect 14 Destructivestormswarmeroceansmakeformoreextremeweatherincludingdevastatingstorms Globalwarming 15 DeathbysmogApowerfulcombinationofvehicularfumes ground levelozone airborneindustrialpollutionandthestagnanthotairassociatedwithheatwaves smogrepresentsanimmediateandchronichealththreattothoselivinginbuilt upurbanareas 16 MoredangerousthunderstormsAconsequenceoftheincreasedamountsofhumidairgeneratedbyglobalwarmingisthatmorethunderstormswillbetriggered Globalwarming 17 AnimalattacksAnimalsthataredrivenfromtheirnaturalhabitatsornormalmigrationroutesbyenvironmentalfactorscouldeasilycomeintocontactwithhumansettlements leadingtomanydeathsamonghumansandalreadyendangeredanimals 18 Diminishedfoodandwatersupplies Risingsealevels Whatistherisingsealevels RisingSeaLevelsisaglobalsealevelsrisingphenomenoncausedbythetemperatureeffectontheoceans themeltingoficesheetsandglaciers andchangesingroundwaterstorage Risingsealevels TheimpactofclimatechangeontheAntarcticPeninsulaisevidentinnewsatellitedata USresearcherssay ThecollapseoftheLarsenBiceshelfhasacceleratedtheflowofglaciersintothenearbyWeddellSeain2002 TheAntarcticPeninsulahasseensomeofthefastesttemperaturerisesonEarthinthelastfivedecades ThescientistsusedavarietyofdatafromsatellitestotrackthespeedoftheglaciersbeforeandafterthecollapseofLarsenB Inonestudy TedScambosoftheNationalSnowandIceDataCenterinBoulder US analysedfiveimagestakenbytheLandsat7satellitebetweenJanuary2000andFebruary2003 TheanalysisrevealsthatfourglaciersflowingintothenowcollapsedsectionofLarsenBincreasedinspeedbybetweentwoandsixtimesoverthestudyperiod IfanyonewaswaitingtofindoutwhetherAntarcticawouldrespondquicklytoclimatewarming Ithinktheanswerisyes saidDrScambos Risingsealevels Thesecondreport byEricRignotoftheUSspaceagency sJetPropulsionLaboratoryinPasadena US showedaneightfoldincreaseinthespeedofthreeglaciers calledHektoria GreenandEvans between2000and2003 Twoothers JorumandCrane movedtwiceasquicklyatthebeginningof2003thantheydidin2000andnearlythreetimesasfastbytheendoftheyear Thesetwopapersclearlyillustrate forthefirsttime therelationshipbetweeniceshelfcollapsescausedbyclimatewarming andacceleratedglacierflow saidDrRignot Theextraicepresumablytranslatesintohighersealevel Buthowmuchthisisraisingtheleveloftheoceansisn tknown Risingsealevels Theinfluenceofrisingsealevelsisveryserious sealevelsrisingtotheharmofhumanenvironmentisshownas thecoastallandareaofnarrow furnitureofcoastalerosion floodandfloodingcausedbytown saltwaterintrusionandsoon Aboutclimatechangereportfoundthatby2100thesealevelcouldrise1morhigher atleastnotlessthan50centimeters About10 oftheworld spopulation 600million inafloodedthedangerevenifitisthelowestwaterlevelrises Risingsealevels Forexample Accordingtothedevelopmenttrendandthesealevelrosesharply theIndianOceanandthemaldivesinthePacificislandcountriesTuWaLuetcwillbesubmerged Calcutta dhakaandothercoastalcitieswillbedestroyed CityofLondon NewYork andShanghaiwillbeforcedtocostbill