生理学词汇

blood 血，血液blood cell 血细胞blood clot 血凝块blood coagulation 血液凝固blood flow 血流量blood group 血型blood pressure 血压blood transfusion 输血body surface area 体表面积body temperature 体温Bohr effect 玻尔效应bradykinin 缓激肽caloric value 卡价（或热价）capsular pressure 肾小囊内压Cardiac index cardiac reserve 心力储备cardiac work 心脏作功carotid body 颈动脉体，颈动脉小球carrier 携带者，载体，载流子，带虫者catabolism 分解代谢，异化作用cephalic phase 头期cerebral circulation 脑循环excitation 激发，兴奋excitement 兴奋exocytosis 胞吐，胞裂外排，外吐作用 expiration 呼气external environment 外环境external respiration 外呼吸extra spindle muscle 梭外肌facilitated diffusion 易化扩散feedback fibrinolysis 纤溶filling phase 充盈相filling pressure 充盈压filling volume 允盈量filtration fraction 滤过分数gas exchange 气体交换gastric receptive relaxation 胃的容受性舒张 gastric acid 胃酸gastric emptying T 1/2胃半排空时间gastric phase 胃期gastrin 胃泌素generator potential 启动电位glomerulotubular balance 球管平衡glucagon 高血糖素，胰高血糖素glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素Golgi tendon organ 高尔基腱器官gonadotropin 促性腺激素Haldane effect 何尔登效应heart rate 心率heart sound 心音hematocrit value 红细胞比容hematopoietic microenvironment 造血微环境hemostasis 止血hemolysis 溶血hemostatic plug 止血栓子Homeostasis 内环境稳定，稳态homometic regulation 等长调节hyperpolarization 超极化in vitro 体外(实验)，离体in vivo 在体(实验)，体内inactivation 灭活 (病毒)，失活incompatibility 血型不和indirect calorimetry 间接测热法inflation reflex 肺扩张反射physiology 生理学absolute refractory period 绝对不应期absorption 吸收,吸收作用action potential 动作电位activation 激活，活化active reabsorption 主动重吸收active transport 主动运输，主动转运acute experiment 急性实验adaptation 适应adequate stimulus 适宜刺激adrenergic 肾上腺能的adrenergic receptor肾上腺素受体afterload 后负荷afterpotential 后电位agglutination of erythrocyte 红细胞凝集agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen 凝集原airway resistance 气道阻力albumin 白蛋白，清蛋白aldosterone 醛固酮alveolar capillary membrane 肺泡-毛细血管膜alveolar dead space 肺泡死腔，肺泡无效腔alveolar fluid 肺泡液体anabolism 同化作用，合成代谢anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔或死腔androgen 雄激素angiotensin 血管紧张素anticoagulation 抗凝antidiuresis 抗利尿aortic body 主动脉体apneustic breathing 长吸式呼吸arch of aorta 主动脉弓arterial pressure 动脉血压arterial pulse 动脉脉arteriole 微动脉arteriovenous shunt 动静脉短路artificial respiration 人工呼吸atrial systole 心房收缩atrioventricular bundle 房室束audition 听力auditory threshold 听阈automatic respiratory rhythm 自主呼吸节律automaticity 自律性autonomic nervous system 植物性神经系统，自主神经系autonomic thermoregulation 自主性体温调节autoregulation 自身调节axoplasm 轴浆，轴质baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射basal metabolism 基础代谢behavioral thermoregulation 行为性体温调节bidirectional propagation双向传导bioelectricity 生物电biphasic action potential 双相动作电位bleeding time 出血时间dark adaptation 暗适应depolarization 除级depressor reflex 减压反射diastole 舒张期diastolic pressure 舒张压diffusion 扩散，弥散digestion 消化diluted urine 稀释尿diopter 屈光度donor 供者dromotropic action 变传导作用effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压 effector 效应器,效应物ejection phase 射血相elastic resistance 弹性阻力electrocardiogram 心电图electrochemical gradient 电化学梯度endocytosis 胞吞,入胞,内吞energy metabolic rate能量代谢率energy metabolism 能量代谢enteric nervous system 肠道神经系统equilibrium potential 平衡电位erythrocyte sedimentation rate 红细胞沉降率 erythropoietin 红细胞生成素，促红素estrogen 雌激素estrus cycle 动情周期eupnea 平静呼吸excitability 兴奋性excitable cell 可兴奋细胞excitable tissue 可兴奋组织inhibition 抑制initial length 初长initial urine 原尿inotropic action 变力作用inotropic state insensible perspiration 不感蒸发(不显汗)inspiratory capacity 深吸气量internal environment 内环境internal environment homeostasis 内环境稳态interneuron 中间神经元intestinal phase 肠期intrapleural pressure 胸膜腔内压，胸内压intraspindle muscle 梭内肌intrinsic pathway 内源性途径iodine pump 碘泵ionic channel 离子通道isometric contraction 等长收缩isotonic contraction 等张收缩isovolumetric contraction phase 等容收缩相isovolumetric relaxation phase 等容舒张相light adaptation 明适应light reflex 光反射local current 局部电流local current theory局部电流学说long loop feedback 长反馈lung capacity 肺容量lung volume 肺容量mass peristalsis 集团蠕动maximal acid output 最大胃酸排出量maximum diastolic potential 最大舒张电位maximum repolarizing potential 最大复极电位mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压mean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压membrane potential 跨膜电位，膜电位metarteriole 后微动脉minute respiratory volume 每分钟通气量motor unit 运动单位myocardial contractility 心肌收缩性negative chronotropic action 负性变时效应negative dromotropic action 负性变传导效应negative inotropic action 负变力效应oxygen capacity 血氧容量oxygen content 血氧含量oxygen dissociation curve 氧离曲线oxygenation 氧合oxyhemoglobin saturation 血氧饱和度pacemaker 起搏器pacemaker current 起搏电流paracrine 旁分泌passive reabsorption 被动重吸收passive transport 被动运输，被动转运patch clamp 膜片钳pepsin 胃蛋白酶peripheral resistance 外周阻力peristalsis 蠕动permeability 磁导率，通透性permissive action 允许作用photosensory cell 感光细胞physiology 生理学pinocytosis 胞饮作用plasma clearance 血浆清除率plasmin 纤溶酶plasminogen 纤溶酶原,纤维蛋白溶酶原plastic deformation of erythrocyte 红细胞可塑性变形plateau 平台期platelet plug 血小板栓子polarization 极化positive chronotropic action 正性变时效应positive dromotropic action 正性变传导效应positive feedback 正反馈positive inotropic action 正性变力效应preload 前负荷premature systole 期前收缩presynaptic inhibition突触前抑制primary hemostatic response 初级止血反应proprioceptors 本体感受器prothrombin 凝血酶原pulmonary diffusion capacity 肺扩散容量pulmonary exchange 肺换气pulmonary ventilation 肺通气pulse pressure 脉压pupillary reflex 瞳孔反射Purkinje fiber 蒲肯野纤维Purkinje system 蒲肯野系统rapid ejection phase快速射血相rapid repolarization 快速复极reduced eye 简化眼reflex 反射reflex arc 反射弧refractoriness 不应性refractory period 不应期relative refractory period 相对不应期renal glucose threshold 肾糖阈renin 肾素repolarization 复极resistance 耐药性，阻力respiratory zone 呼吸带resting potential 静息电位resting state 备用状态rheobase 基强度rhesus monkey 恒河猴,猕猴saltatory conduction 跳跃式传导second message 第二信使secondary active transport 继发性主动转运secondary phase of hemostasis 继发性止血反应secretin 促胰液素secretion 分泌segmentation 分节运动sensation 感觉sense organ 感觉器官sensory coding 感觉编码sensory receptor 感觉器shell temperature 体表温度simple diffusi