利用Mrtg监控服务器CPU、硬盘、内存及流量.doc

借鉴了网上一些大牛的资料，自己做了一下测试，现在把操作步骤留存如下：（当前系统CentOS5.5 mrtg ver.2.17.0）一些依赖的软件包检查: rootLinuxTest # rpm -qa|grep gd gd-2.0.33-9.4.el5_4.2gd-devel-2.0.33-9.4.el5_4.2rootLinuxTest # rpm -qa|grep perl perl-5.8.8-18.el5 mod_perl-2.0.4-6.el5rootLinuxTest # rpm -qa|grep libp libpng-1.2.10-7.1.el5_5.3libpng-devel-1.2.10-7.1.el5_5.3rootLinuxTest # rpm -qa|grep zlib zlib-1.2.3-3zlib-devel-1.2.3-3rootLinuxTest # rpm -qa|grep gcc libgcc-4.1.2-48.el5libgcc-4.1.2-48.el5gcc-4.1.2-48.el5最近到官方网站http:/oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg，有个最新的版本mrtg-2.16.7，随即Down下并安装，步骤如下： rootLinuxTest test#wget http:/oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg/pub/mrtg-2.17.0.ziprootLinuxTest test# unzip mrtg-2.17.0.zip rootLinuxTest test# cd mrtg-2.17.0rootLinuxTest mrtg-2.17.0# ./configure -prefix=/usr/local/mrtg-2rootLinuxTest mrtg-2.17.0# make rootLinuxTest mrtg-2.17.0# make install 注意：sar命令不可识别的系统，请安装sysstat工具包到现在我们就已经正确地安装了MRTG系统。配置SNMP服务对于不同的设备，配置SNMP支持的方法是不一致的，具体请参考设备的随机文档，一般里 面都有详细的介绍。这里我们讨论在Linux环境下配置SNMP服务器，以实现对本机流出流入数据的分析和报表(我的应用环境是使用Linux带动一个小型局域网上网，监控本机进出 流量)。在linux环境下安装snmp软件包是很容易的，只需要安装相应的软件包即可：rootLinuxTest # rpm -qa|grep snmp net-snmp-libs--9.el5_5.1net-snmp--9.el5_5.1net-snmp-utils--9.el5_5.1(snmpwalk等大部分snmp的部分都在这个包内)rootLinuxTest # /etc/rc.d/init.d/snmpd start Starting snmpd: OK 如果命令输出如上所示，就表示snmp服务器启动正常。为了配合mrtg使用，还要修改snmpd的配置，以使其允许mrtg读取其interface(网络接口) 流量数据。vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf 将下面这个的#注给去掉 #view mib2 included .ernet.mgmt.mib-2 fc 然后将：access notConfigGroup any noauth exact systemview none none修改为：access notConfigGroup any noauth exact mib2 none none在55行左右加入: view systemview included ..2.1.2然后再重新启动snmpd：/etc/rc.d/init.d/snmpd restart注意：尽量更改掉snmp的团体字符串，以防止别人通过默认字符串探测，导致信息泄漏。将下面这段中的community字段，即public改成较复杂的字符串就可以了，不要太复杂，不然导致snmp信息读取失败的：），要小心Linux下符号解释成命令哦com2sec notConfigUser default Youkipublic生成MRTG配置文件# mkdir /usr/local/mrtg-2/cfg配置文件：/usr/local/mrtg-2/cfg/mrtg.cfg# cd /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin#mkdir /var/www/html/mrtg# /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/cfgmaker -global WorkDir: /var/www/html/mrtg -global Options_: bits,growright -output /usr/local/mrtg-2/cfg/mrtg.cfg Youkipuplic10注意，在Linux环境下，如果想以Bytes/秒显示的话，不要加上bits参数，也不要替换成bytes,默认就是Bytes的，替换后反而会出错！ 以上就完成了服务器流量的监控配置，接下来再生成几个pl文件，分别用来监控CPU、硬盘空间、内存生成CPU利用率监控的pl文件：#vi /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/cpu.pl在文件编辑状态下，填充以下内容：#!/usr/bin/perlsystem (/usr/bin/sar -u 1 3|grep Average cpu_info_file); #sar 输出写入文件cpu_info_fileopen (CPUINFO,cpu_info_file); #打开cpu_info_file 文件cpuinfo=; # 读去文件内容close (CPUINFO); #关闭文件foreach $line(cpuinfo) #分别获得我们需要的cpustatus=split(/ +/,$line); #每一个数值$cpuused=$cpustatus2+$cpustatus4;$cpuidle=$cpustatus5;print $cpuusedn; #输出两个数值print $cpuidle;system (uptime);system (uname -n);# By Vitter ：# #vi /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/df.pl#!/usr/bin/perl# This script was written on CentOS5.5, it assumes that the command# output(df -kl) looks like this:#文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点#/dev/sda3 139206768 55292128 76729168 42% /#/dev/sda1 2030736 42164 1883752 3% /boot#tmpfs 1025084 531940 493144 52% /dev/shm# In which case, this script returns :#142262589#55866236# when run.foreach $filesystem (df -kl | grep -v Filesystem)df = split(/s+/,$filesystem);$total += $df1;$usage += $df2;print $totaln;print $usagen;system (uptime);system (uname -n);内存使用状态的mem.pl文件内容为：#vi /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/mem.pl#!/usr/bin/perlsystem (/usr/bin/free -m | grep Mem mem_info_file);open (MEMINFO,mem_info_file);meminfo=;close (MEMINFO);foreach $line(meminfo) memstatus=split(/ +/,$line);$memused=$memstatus2;$memtotal=$memstatus1;print $memusedn;print $memtotaln;system (uptime);system (uname -n);# By Vitter #建立好以上三个pl文件后，要给文件加上可执行属性：#chmod +x /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/cpu.pl /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/df.pl /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/mem.pl 打开mrtg.cfg文件，将CPU、硬盘、内存的配置加进去：# Created by test# /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/cfgmaker -global WorkDir: /var/www/html/mrtg -global Options_: bits,growright -output /usr/local/mrtg-2/cfg/mrtg.cfg Youkipuplic10# Global Config Options# for UNIX# WorkDir: /home/http/mrtg# or for NT# WorkDir: c:mrtgdata# Global Defaults# to get bits instead of bytes and graphs growing to the right# Options_: growright, bitsEnableIPv6: noWorkDir: /var/www/html/mrtgOptions_: bits,growrightXsize_: 500Ysize_: 300Ytics_: 30# System: OAtest# Description: Linux OAtest 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 14:58:14 EDT 2010 x86_64# Contact: Root (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)# Location: Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)# Interface 1 Descr: lo | Name: lo | Ip: | Eth: # The following interface is commented out because:# * it is a Software Loopback interface# Target10_1: 1:Youkipuplic10:# SetEnv10_1: MRTG_INT_IP= MRTG_INT_DESCR=lo# MaxBytes10_1: 1250000# Title10_1: Traffic Analysis for 1 - OAtest# PageTop10_1: Traffic Analysis for 1 - OAtest# # # # System:# OAtest in Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)# # # Maintainer:# Root <root10> (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)# # # Description:# lo # # # ifType:# softwareLoopback (24)# # # ifName:# lo# # # Max Speed:# 10.0 Mbits/s# # # Ip:# (10.localdomain)# # # # Interface 2 Descr: eth0 | Name: eth0 | Ip: 10 | Eth: 00-e0-4c-b8-48-88 #Target10_2: 2:Youkipuplic10:SetEnv10_2: MRTG_INT_IP=10 MRTG_INT_DESCR=eth0MaxBytes10_2: 104857600Title10_2: Traffic Analysis for 2 - OAtestPageTop10_2: TestServer Traffic Analysis System: OAtest in Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf) Maintainer: Root <root10> (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf) Description: eth0 ifType: ethernetCsmacd (6) ifName: eth0 Max Speed: 100.0 Mbits/s Ip: 10 () # Interface 3 Descr: sit0 | Name: sit0 | Ip: | Eth: # The following interface is commented out because:# * it is administratively DOWN# * it is operationally DOWN# * has a speed of 0 which makes no sense# Target10_3: 3:Youkipuplic10:# SetEnv10_3: MRTG_INT_IP= MRTG_INT_DESCR=sit0# MaxBytes10_3: 0# Title10_3: Traffic Analysis for 3 - OAtest# PageTop10_3: Traffic Analysis for 3 - OAtest# # # # System:# OAtest in Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)# # # Maintainer:# Root <root10> (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)# # # Description:# sit0 # # # ifType:# Encapsulation Interface (131)# # # ifName:# sit0# # # Max Speed:# 0.0 bits/s# # # #-CPU监控配置如下-Target10_cpu: /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/cpu.plXsize10_cpu: 500Ysize10_cpu: 300Ytics10_cpu: 30MaxBytes10_cpu:100Title10_cpu:CPU StatePageTop10_cpu:CPU State of TestServerShortLegend10_cpu: %YLegend10_cpu: CPU (%)Legend110_cpu: UsedLegend210_cpu: TotalLegendI10_cpu: CPU UsedLegendO10_cpu: CPU IDELOptions10_cpu: growright,gauge,nopercent#-内存监控配置如下-Target10_mem: /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/mem.plXsize10_mem:500Ysize10_mem:300Ytics10_mem:30MaxBytes10_mem: 2002#设置成你自己内存最大值，运行mem.pl的结果填到这里Title10_mem:Memory State of TestServerPageTop10_mem:Memory State of TestServerShortLegend10_mem: Bkmg10_mem: MYLegend10_mem: Memory UsageLegend110_mem: UsedLegend210_mem: TotalLegendI10_mem: UsedLegendO10_mem: TotalOptions10_mem: growright,gauge,nopercent#-磁盘空间监控配置如下-Target10_df: /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/df.plXsize10_df:500Ysize10_df:300Ytics10_df:30Title10_df: TestSERVER Disk Space UsedUnscaled10_df: dwymMaxBytes10_df: 142262589#设置成你自己硬盘的空间，运行df.pl的结果填到这里PageTop10_df: TestSERVER Disk Space Megabytes usedkmg10_df: KB,MB,GBLegendI10_df: Total Disk SpaceLegendO10_df: Used Disk SpaceLegend110_df: Total Disk SpaceLegend210_df: Used Disk SpaceYLegend10_df: Disk UsedShortLegend10_df: &Options10_df: growright,gauge,nopercent现在利用上面的配置文件来创建监控服务器的Web页，如下操作：生成mrtg的index文件# /usr/local/mrtg-2/bin/indexmaker -output /var/www/html/mrtg/index.html -title TestServer Performance Monitoring /usr/local