初升高英语句子成分PPT课件.ppt

句子成分 2020 1 7 1 概念 组成句子的各个部分 即主语 谓语 宾语 表语 宾语补足语 定语和状语 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分 2020 1 7 2 主语主语是谓语讲述的对象 表示所说的 是什么 或 是谁 一般由名词 代词 不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当 也有从句充当的现象 大多数主语都在句首 2020 1 7 3 主语 subject 句子叙述的主体 一般位于句首 Thesunrisesintheeast 名词 Helikesdancing 代词 Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory 数词 Seeingisbelieving 动名词 Therichshouldhelpthepoor therich therichpeople名词化的形容词 2020 1 7 4 讲述 谁 Weworkinabigfactory 讲述 什么 Theclassroomisverybig 数词作主语Threeareenough 三个人就够了不定式作主语TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctor sjob 从句作主语Whatweneedisfood 我们最需要的是食物 在 Therebe 句型中 主语的位置在中间 如 Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox 2020 1 7 5 Toseeistobelieve 不定式 Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree 形式主语 真正主语 It thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree 2020 1 7 6 在个别句型中 主语在整个句子后面 这时前面用it作形式主语 如 Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled treatortrick Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse 2020 1 7 7 1 Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth 2 Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth V 不能做主语 2020 1 7 8 指出下列句中主语的中心词 Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom 介词不能作主语 Thereisanoldmancominghere Thereisanappleonthetable Anappleisthereonthetable 2020 1 7 9 Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear Todotoday shomeworkwithouttheteacher shelpisverydifficult 2020 1 7 10 找出下面句子的主语1 Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome 2 Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou 3 Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime 主语小测 2020 1 7 11 单选 1 Marywithhertwodaughters goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth A areB wasC isD were2 moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth A DoB DoesC DidD Doing3 isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday A ThatB ThisC ItD They 2020 1 7 12 谓语说明主语是什么 做什么或怎么样 由动词充当 主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致 谓语动词存在多种时态 它是句子的核心 2020 1 7 13 谓语 predicate 常用动词或者动词词组担任 放在主语的后面 Iloveyou Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight Hepractisesrunningeverymorning 2020 1 7 14 Heisverygenerous Shelooksverysmartandcool Wehavefinishedthejob HecanspeakGerman 2020 1 7 15 Theplanetookoffat10o clock Howoftendoyougoshopping Whydidn tyoucomebacklastnight 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成 2020 1 7 16 Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks Hehascaughtabadcough Wearestudents Thatideasoundsgreat 复合谓语 1 情态动词 助动词 v2 系动词 adj n 以及其它表语成分 2020 1 7 17 Openthedoor please Goandgetsomewaterforme Don tlaughatothers Don tcomebacklatetonight 祈使句 1 省略主语you2 谓语动词用原形 2020 1 7 18 找出下列句子的谓语 Idon tlikethepictureonthewall Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast 2020 1 7 19 Tomdidn tdohishomeworkyesterday Wehadbettersendforadoctor Heisinterestedinmusic Whomdidyougivemybookto 11 Putawayyourbooksrightnow 2020 1 7 20 按要求找出下列句子的主谓 1 Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes 主谓 2 Hebrokeapieceofglass 谓 3 Don tgetnervous andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike 主谓 4 Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown 主谓 5 Therearemanypeopleinthehall 主 6 Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup 主谓 主谓小测 祈使句 省略主语you 2020 1 7 21 1 Itisdifficultforme somuchworkwithinonenight Canyouhelpme A finishB finishingC tofinishD finished2 Johnwithtwoofhisfriends toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon A goB wentC goesD gone 单选 It sadj forsbtodosth 做某事对某人来说是 的 形式主语 真正的主语 tofinish 2020 1 7 22 3 upearly oryouwillmisstheearlybus A GotB GetC GettingD Gets4 upearlyisgoodforyourhealth A GotB GetC GettingD Gets5 Wow Thecaketastes CanIhaveonemore A wellB deliciouslyC badD good 祈使句 谓语动词用原形 动名词做主语 感官动词 adj 2020 1 7 23 表语说明主语是说明或怎么样由名词 形容词 数词 副词 不定式 介词短语 句子等充当它的位置在系动词后面 2020 1 7 24 形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore 名词作表语Myfatherisateacher 副词作表语Everyoneishere 介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre 不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish 动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses 从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidn tcometoschoolyesterday 2020 1 7 25 宾语表示动作 行为的对象由名词 代词 不定式 V ing 从句充当 和及物动词一起说明主语做什么 它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么 通常放在谓语动词后面 有时 会有双宾语 2020 1 7 26 如 名词作宾语Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes 代词做宾语Heoftenhelpsme 不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair 动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina 从句做宾语Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime 2020 1 7 27 直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时 后面要跟宾语 宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语 直接宾语是及物动词的对象 但有些动词除了直接宾语外 还需要有一个间接宾语 间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的 所以只能用名词或代词来充当 如 Webroughtthemsomefood 主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面 但必须加to或for 2020 1 7 28 宾语 动宾或介宾 动宾表示行为的对象 放在及物动词之后 IlikeChina Hehatesyou Howmanydoyouneed WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain Didyouwritedownwhathesaid 2020 1 7 29 2020 1 7 30 Heisafraidofher hisheadteacher Underthesnow therearemanyrocks 介词后面的宾语 介宾注意 人称代词要用宾格Idecidedtogowith A heB hisC herD theyE she 2020 1 7 31 Hegavemeabookyesterday Givethepoormansomemoney 间接宾语 sb 直接宾语 sth 双宾 2020 1 7 32 IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday 形式宾语 真正宾语 2020 1 7 33 Mybrotherhasn tdonehishomework PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass 找出下列句子的宾语 2020 1 7 34 5 Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming howaboutyou 6 Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill 7 Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass 8 Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft 9 Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime 2020 1 7 35 宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思 还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思 我们把 宾语 宾语补足语 合起来称为复合宾语 复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思 名词 动词 形容词 副词 介词短语 不定式 现在分词 过去分词都可以作宾语补足语 2020 1 7 36 名词作宾补Ifyouletmego I llmakeyouking 形容词作宾补Don tmakeyourhandsdirty 副词作宾补WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived 介词短语作宾补Makeyourselfathome 省略to的不定式作宾补Isawagirlgointothebuilding 带to的不定式作宾补Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown 现在分词作宾补Thebosskeptthemworkingallday 过去分词作宾补Yesterdayhegothislegbroken 2020 1 7 37 在英语中 常见的 宾语 宾语补足语 的结构有 宾语 名词 常用于该结构的动词有 call name make find choose think leave等 WecallhimJack TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor 宾语 形容词 常见的动词有think believe leave drive make keep turn wish want等 如 Doyouthinkhisideawrong Wemustkeepourclassroomclean Wecan tleavehimalone CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday 2020 1 7 38 宾语 副词 副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态 与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系 常见的副词有 down up here there home in out anywhere等 如 Lethimin out Mr Lidroveushome Whengotthere wefoundhimout 2020 1 7 39 宾语 介词短语 介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语 即宾语 所处的状态 两者有主表的关系 如 Wefoundeverythingingoodorder Weregardhimasourgoodfriend Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhisfriendsintherain 2020 1 7 40 宾语 不定式 充当宾补的不定式有三种 A 要求带to的不定式Thecoolwaterofthelakeinvitedustoswim B 要求不带to的不定式let make see hear watch等Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinhisroom C 单词help后可加to或不加toShesometimeshelpshermother to dohousework 2020 1 7 41 宾语 现在分词 现在分词作宾补 此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语 有着主谓关系 Isawthemplayingontheplayground IheardMarysingingintheclassroom 宾语 过去分词 宾语和宾补之间是被动关系 过去分词表示被动和完成 Ihadmybikestolen Theteacherexplainedagainandagaintomakehimselfunderstood 2020 1 7 42 形式宾语 形容词WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeSaturday 宾语 what从句Callmewhatyoulike Mr Lihasmadethefactorywhatitistoday Themountainvillageisdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago 2020 1 7 43 定语用来修饰名词或代词 由形容词 代词 数词 介词短语 不定式 从句充当 定语的位置很灵活 凡是有名词 代词的地方都可以有定语 单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前 短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后 2020 1 7 44 形容词作定语Theblackbikeismine 代词作定语What syourname 名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers 介词短语作定语TheboysintheroomareinClassThree GradeOne 不定式作短语Ihavelotstoeatanddrink 从句作定语ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter 2020 1 7 45 后置定语 修饰不定代词something anything nothing something anyone somebody anybody nobody的定语必须后置 如 We llgotohavesomethingEnglish Ifyoudon tknowtheanswer asksomeoneelse Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme 介词短语作定语时要后置 如 Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree Thestudentsintheroomareallmyfriends Ithinkthepictureontheleftisbetterthantheoneontheright 2020 1 7 46 动词的不定式作定语时要后置Whataboutsomethingtodrink IhavenotimetotraveltoChinaisinAutumnorinSpring Doyouhaveanypieceofmusictolistento nearby below downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置 如 Weareatthetopofthehill Canyouseethevillagebelow Thepeopledownstairsarelisteningtoatalknow Theytooktheboytothehospitalnearbyatonce 2020 1 7 47 状语用来修饰动词 形容词或副词一般表示行为发生的时间 地点 条件 目的 方式 程度等等 通常由副词 介词短语 不定式或句子充当 状语一般放在句末 但有时也可以放在句首 句中 如 HediditcarefullyTheymissedmeverymuch Withouthishelp wecouldn tworkitout Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates Imuststudyhard WhenIwasyoung Icouldswimwell 2020 1 7 48 副词作状语的位置 be动词之后 实义动词之前助动词和实义动词之间 如usually often sometime seldom never also only ever still 放在句末修饰动词 如verymuch alot quickly fast high slowly 修饰形容词或副词时在它们前面 如verygood soearly 有的副词在句子中位置灵活 如already only sometime 2020 1 7 49 一 指出下列句中主语的中心词 4分 Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom Thereisanoldmancominghere Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear Todotoday shomeworkwithouttheteacher shelpisverydifficult 2020 1 7 50 二 选出句中谓语的中心词 10分 10分钟 Idon tlikethepictureonthewall A don tB likeC pictureD wall Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes A getB longerC daysD summer Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus A DoB usuallyC goD bus Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon A willbeB meetingC thelibraryD afternoon Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast A DidB twinsC haveD breakfast 2020 1 7 51 Tomdidn tdohishomeworkyesterday A TomB didn tC doD hishomework WhatIwanttotellyouisthis A wantB totellC youD is Wehadbettersendforadoctor A WeB hadC sendD doctor Heisinterestedinmusic A isB interestedC inD music Whomdidyougivemybookto A giveB didC whomD book 2020 1 7 52 三 挑出下列句中的宾语 10分 10分钟 Mybrotherhasn tdonehishomework ABCD PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish ABCD Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation ABCD Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass ABCD Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill ABCD 2020 1 7 53 四 挑出下列句中的表语 5分 5分钟 Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired ABCD WhyisheworriedaboutJim ABCD Theleaveshaveturnedyellow ABCD SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject ABCD Shewasthefirstt