初中六大时态专题讲解讲义及作业.doc

六大时态六大时态 概念时间状语基本结构否定形式一般疑问句 一 般 现 在 时 经常 反复 发生的动作 或行为及现 在的某种状 况 often usually always sometimes every day week month once a week on Mondays 等 1 主语 系动词 be 表 语 2 主语 行为动词 其 它 主 am is are not 表 现 在 进 行 时 表示现阶段 或说话时正 在进行的动 作或状态 Look listen now at this time at the moment these days 等 am is are doingam is are not doing 一 般 过 去 时 过去某个时 间里发生的 动作或状态 过去 习惯 性 经常性 的动作 行 为 ago yesterday last week month year in 2000 just now one day long long ago 等 1 was were 2 行为动词过去式 1 was were not 2 在行为动词前加 do 在 其前加 didn t 同时还原 行为动词 一 般 将 来 时 表示将要发 生的动作或 存在的状态 tomorrow next in 时间段 多少 时间之后 one day some day at once how soon 等 1 am is are going to do 2 will do 3 shall do 4 am is are doing 1 am is are not going to do 2 won t do will not do 3 shall not do 4 am is are not doing 1 把 be 放于句首 2 把 will 提前 3 把 shall 提前 4 把 be 放于句首 过 去 进 行 时 表示在过去 某个具体的 时间点或时 间段发生的 动作或存在 的状态 When while at night last night from eight to ten last night at this time yesterday at that time last 等 Was were doing Was not doing Were not doing 把 be 放于句首 现 在 完 成 时 表示过去发 生动作对现 在造成的影 响 表示过 去已经开始 持续到现在 的动作或状 态 并可能 还要延续 for since so far ever never just yet till until up to now in past years Have has doneHave has not doneHave has 放于句首 一般现在时一般现在时 时间状语时间状语 总经常有每没复星周 动词原形到动词三单的变化动词原形到动词三单的变化 动词变化规则动词变化规则 1 一般在动词结尾直接加 s e g swim swims run runs 2 以 s x ch sh o 结尾的动词加 es 如果词尾已有 e 直接加 s eg guess guesses watch watches go goes do does 3 以辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 变 y 为 i 后 加 es e g study studies try tries fly flies 随堂练习 随堂练习 一 用动词适当形式填空 1 My mother often tells me in beD not read 2 It me two days to write the article 花费 3 It s cold outside so you d better your coat 穿上 4 How do he usually get there 二 句型转换 1 We are in the same class 改为一般疑问句 2 She sometimes washes clothes on the weekend 改为否定句和一般疑问句 否定句 一般疑问句 3 I see him drinking some milk at home 变否定句 一般过去时一般过去时 时间标志性词时间标志性词 昨天上个 前 in 时间 when 字连 动词变化规则动词变化规则 规则动词过去式的变化规律规则动词过去式的变化规律 1 一般在动词末尾加 ed 如 pull pulled cook cooked 2 结尾是 e 加 d 如 taste tasted 3 末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 应双写末尾的辅音字母 再加 ed 如 stop stopped 4 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的 变 y 为 i 再加 ed 如 study studied 随堂练习随堂练习 1 Last night we back home until the teacher left school not go 2 Do you remember the film last year see 3 I m sorry you ve missed the last bus It ten minutes ago leave 现在进行时现在进行时 时间标志 时间标志 现在时刻看和听 最近在哪请安静 现在时刻看和听 最近在哪请安静 动词变化规则动词变化规则 1 直接 ing 例 sleep ing sleeping 2 去 e ing 例 bite e ing biting 3 重读闭音节 且末尾只有 1 个辅音字母 双写辅音字母 ing 例 sit t ing sitting 随堂练习随堂练习 1 come beef 随便吃点 2 I didn t remember her the book before give 3 Can t you see I m busy cook 一般将来时一般将来时 结构 结构 1 be going to do am is are going to do 2 will do 3 shall do 4 be doing am is are doing 时间标志词时间标志词 明天下个 后 in 时间 when 字连 tomorrow next in 时间段 多少时间之后 one day some day at once how soon 等 区别 区别 1 be going to 与与 will 1 be going to 表示近期 眼下就要发生的事情 will 表示的将来时间则较远一些 如 He is going to write a letter tonight He will write a book one day 2 be going to 表示根据主观判断将来绝对发生的事情 will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情 如 He is seriously ill He is going to die He will be twenty years old 3 be going to 含有 打算 准备 的意思 而 will 则没有这个意思 如 She is going to lend us her book He will be here in half an hour 注意 注意 There be 句型的 be going to 结构为 There is are going to be 注意句型中 going to 后面的 be 不能改为 have 常用来表示将有某事发生 练习 There a sports meeting in our school next week A will be going to be B is going to have C will have D is going to be 2 be doing am is are doing 用现在进行时来表示一般将来时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作 有 准 备 打算 的意思 Eg We are having a class meeting this afternoon 注意 come go arrive leave 等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作 它们很少与 be going to 结构连用 例如 Miss Sun is coming tonight 今晚孙小姐要来 We are going to Beijing next week 3 Shall do shall do 一般与第一人称 I we 使用 常用于提建议的句型中 Shall I we go to the park 过去进行时过去进行时 标志词 标志词 1 when while 2 at 点钟 yesterday last night Sunday 3 at this that time 4 at this that time yesterday last night Sunday week 5 the whole morning all day from nine to ten while 等 例如 I was making fruit salad at this time They were studying from 8 00 to 11 00 yesterday when 和和 while 的用法区别的用法区别 when 既指时间点 也可指一段时间既指时间点 也可指一段时间 因此 when 在状语从句中的动词可以终止性动词 也可以是延续性动词 while 只指一段时间 while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时 也可以是先后生 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时 也可以是先后生 while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生 when 引导的时间状语从句 后用一般过去时 引导的时间状语从句 后用一般过去时 While 后面一般用过去进行时 后面一般用过去进行时 如果从句和主句的动作同时发生 两句都用过去进行时的时候 多用 两句都用过去进行时的时候 多用 while 引导 引导 a When the teacher came in we were talking While we were talking the teacher came in b They were singing while we were dancing 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 1 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续持续 而一般过去时表示动作的完成完成 如 He was writing his composition last night 他昨晚在写作文 不一定写完 He wrote his composition last night 他昨晚写了一篇作文 已经写完 现在完成时现在完成时 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 常与 already yet ever never just before 等词连用 Eg Have you ever cooked at home 你吃晚饭了吗 2 表示过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 并可能还要延续 往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用 常用 的有 for 一段时间 since 过去时间点或从句 Since 用来说明动作起始时间 for 用来说明动作延续时间长度 提问用 How long 例如 It has been five years since he joined the army 他参军五年了 3 现在完成时需注意的问题 1 表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用 appear begin borrow lend buy close come die fall find finish join kill leave sell stop 等 例如 He has joined the army for five years 错误 注意 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用 即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的 错 I have received his letter for a month 对 I haven t received his letter for almost a month 2 不能和明确的过去时间状语连用不能和明确的过去时间状语连用 如 yesterday last week in 1998 two days ago 等 3 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态 强调动作 不和现在发生联系 常与具体的过去时间状语连用与具体的过去时间状语连用 如 yesterday last week ago in1980 in October just now 等 现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 强调的现在的情况 不能与表过去的时间壮语连用 不能与表过去的时间壮语连用 常见终止性动词与延续性动词 或状态动词 的对应关系如下 come go arrive get reach move be in at open be open die be dead close be closed become be borrow keep put on wear buy have leave be away from begin start be on fall asleep be asleep end finish be over catch a cold have a cold join the army be in the army be a soldier join the Party be in the Party be a Party member 如 吉姆买这支已有两年了 Jim bought this pen two years ago Jim has had this pen for two years Jim has had this pen since two years ago Jim has had this pen since 2007 It is two years since Jim bought this pen 4 在表示 最近几世纪 年 月以来 时间状语中 谓语动词用现在完成 in the past few years months weeks days over the past few years during the last three months for the last few centuries thr ough centuries throughout history 等 5 表示 第几次做某事 或在 It is the best worst most interesting 名词 that 后面跟现在完成时 This is my first time that I have visited China This is the most interesting film I have ever seen 6 have has been to 地点 意为 曾去过某地 暗含目前已不在该地 仅表示当事人的一种经历而已 have has gone to 地点 到了某地去了 暗含 已离开原地去了某地 之意 但是否到达了某地尚不确定 如 He has gone to Shanghai 他去了上海 He has been to Shanghai 他去过了上海 随堂练习随堂练习 1 He has been to Shanghai has he already never ever Still 2 The famous writer one new book in the past two year is writing was writing wrote has written 3 Have you met Mr Li just ago before a moment ago 4 Our country a lot so far Yes I hope it will be even has changed well changed good C has changed better changed better 5 Hurry up The play for ten minutes has begun had begun has been on began 6 Miss Green isn t in the office she to the library has gone went will go has been 7 His father the Party since 1978 joined has joined was in has been in 8 My parents Shandong for ten years have been in have been to have gone to have been 根据所给提示填词 1 He back a month ago come 2 It s a great shame for me in front of so many people laugh at 3 I must take it back the day after tomorrow You can only it for 24 hours 保存 4 Why have you kept me here for so long a time wait 5 Please come to our meeting if you free tomorrow be 6 She to the Great Wall several times goes 7 In his letter he said that he us very much miss 8 The film for nearly fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema be 9 He said he became in physics interest 10 This film is worth see 11 He went to school instead of home go 12 In the old days it was difficult for the poor to a joB 找 13 There a physics test next Monday be 14 He is hungry Please give him something eat 15 Please don t waste time TV every evening You should word hard at English watch 16 We found the window break 17 You have dropped your pencil 拾起来 18 Mother often tells me too late not come home 19 You had better by bus or you will be late go 20 I will Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him 告诉 作业 1 friends you have you will be A more happier B more more happy C the more the happier D the more the more happy 2 is not easy for children to understand this movie A This B That C It D One 3 Peter i think we need to buy a new car Oh no we are out of money you know A trying B going C getting D running 4 have you been swimming For five years A How long B How often C How soon D How far 5 Mum my shoes are worn out can you buy me a new A one B shoe C pair D shoes 6 Oh there isn t enough for us in the lift No hurry let s wait for the next A ground B floor C place D room 7 The factory for 5 years A has opened B has been opened C has been opening D has been open 8 You seem to like sweets That s probably why i m becoming fatter and fatter A So i do B So do i C So am i D So i am 9 Swimming in the pool with friends very interesting A has B have C is D are 10 The medicine you bought me didn t A give B work C do D go 11 What are you going to do this sunday I yet A haven t decided B won t decide C am not decided D didn t decide 12 Would you mind closing the window it s so cold here A no not at all B i like it C thank you D yes i do 13 Will you please take a message for mike A yes the message is important B that s very nice C thanks for telling me D i ll be glad to 14 of the students in the class money to the disabled people these days A two third have raised B two thirds has raised C two three have raised D two thirds have raised 15 It took the firemen two hours to the fire A put out B put up C put on D put away 16 It s too hot here would you mind the door please A to pen Ok B opening Of course C opening Certainly not D to open Good idea 17 Why some light music A don t listen B not listen to C don t hear D not hear 18 Don t worry sir i am sure i can run to catch up with them A fast enough b enough fast c slowly enough d enough slowly 19 Tomorrow is teachers day give our english te