单词精.doc

Model 8Words Study for Unit 1Welcome & Reading1. classic 传统的； 典型的； 有权威的 n. 名著， 经典著作 课文句：What is classic literature? Classics are the antiques of the literary. 什么是经典文学？经典文学作品是文学世界的珍贵遗产。 e.g. the classics of Marxism-Leninism马列主义经典著作Her daughter is particulary likes reading the classics of English literature.她女儿特别喜欢读英国古典文学名著。classical adj.古典的, 正统派的, 古典文学的classify vt.分类, 分等2. received adj. 公认的; 被承认的，被认可的 = be recoganized by; be welcomed by 课文句：They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well Written and well received that people still read them today. 它们很久以前创作的小说、戏剧和诗歌，写得好，很受欢迎、直至今日人们仍然在阅读这些作品。 e.g. His speech was very well received. The book was well received by middle students.3. wisdom n. 智慧; 学识; 明智 课文句：They are examples of great writing and wisdom, and even those written encturies ago can still be found in bookshops and libraries today.经典文学是杰出的创作及智慧的典范，即使是几年前写的那些作品，现在依然可以在书店和图书馆里找到。e.g. One cannot have wisdom without living life.一个人不经历生活不可能有智慧In those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations在那些朴实的谚语中蕴含着几代人集体智慧的结晶wise adj. 聪明的, 英明的, 明智的 wiser adj. 聪明的,贤明的4. dust 民灰尘, 尘土, 尘埃课文句：This makes them difficult for some people to read, and often, the classics are left to gather dust on shelves. 这使一些人阅读起来有困难，经典文学作品常常被遗忘在书架上尘封。 e,g. The dust was blown about by the wind. His clothes were covered with dust.5. release发表, 发行, 释放, 解放, 放弃 课文句: In 1995, Clueless, the award-winning film based on Jane Austens novel Emma, was released. 1995年，无影无踪公映，这部获奖影片就是根据简奥斯丁的小说爱玛改编的。e.g. The new film will be released next month. 这部新的电影下个月发行。He was released from prison after serving his sentence. 他刑满获释。 After the reform, the productive force was released.改革以后，生产力得到了解放。6. adaptation n. 适应, 改编, 改写本; 适应 课文句: Three years later, in 1998, a modern adaptation of the Charles Dickenss novel Great Expectations appeared in cinemas.三年后的1998年，根据查尔斯狄更斯的小说远大前程改编的现代版影片在电影剧院上映。 e.g The play is an adaptation of a short novel. 这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本 I bought my son an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare. 我给我儿子买了为儿童改编的莎士比亚剧本。adapt vt. 使适应, 改编 adopt vt. 采用, 收养adapted themselves to city life; 使他们适应城市生活adopt a new technique. 采用新技术7. work 工作, 劳动, (pl.)作品 课文句: Oliver Twist, David Copperfield and Great Expectations are probably his best-known works.雾都孤儿、大卫科波菲尔、远大前程可能是他最广为人知的作品。8. chapter n. (书籍)章, 回, 篇 课文句：He first published many novels one chapter at a time in newspapers, and some were later performed on stage.狄更斯的许多小说起先是在报纸上连载，每次一章，有一些作品后来被搬上了舞台。9. harm vt. 伤害, 损害 n. 伤害, 损害 dangerous10. simple adj.简单的, 简易的, 朴素的, 简朴的, 天真的, 率直的, 无经验的, 易受骗的 simply adv.简单地, 完全, 简直, 仅仅, 只不过, 朴素地, 只是 simplify vt. 简化; 使简易; 使单纯 课文句：Pips sister seldom has a kind word to say, but Joe is a kind and simple man, who would rather die tan see any harm come to Pip.皮普的姐姐几乎没什么善言好语，但乔却是一个淳朴善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。11. uncertainty n.无常, 不确定, 不可靠, 半信半疑 certain adj.确定的, 某一个, 无疑的, 必然的 certainly adv.的确, (口语)当然, 行 uncertain adj.无常的, 不确定的, 不可预测的, 靠不住的 课文句：Mist is a symbol of danger and uncertainty in Great Expectations. 在远大前程中雾是危险和不确定性的象征。12. tension n.紧张(状态), 不安, 压力, vt. 拉紧, 使紧张 Tense adj.紧张的, 拉紧的 v.(使)紧张, (使)拉紧 n.语法时态 课文句：Classic novels often have symbols which add interest, tension or deeper meaning to the text. 经典小说中往往有一些象征，这些象征为原文增添了趣味、紧张的气氛或者列深层次的含义。e.g. The tension in the Far East is building up again.中东的形势又逐步紧张起来。 create international tension制造国际紧张局势13. twist n. 转弯，弯曲, 曲折路 vt. 使转弯, 使扭曲，曲解，歪曲vi.扭弯, 扭曲, 缠绕, 扭动, 呈螺旋形 The path twisted up the hill. 这条小路盘绕在小山上。14. generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的 课文句：There is a twist in the plot when a very generous stranger give Pip a lot of money. 当一位非常慷慨的陌生人给了皮普一大笔钱的时候，故事情节发了曲折变化。 e.g. He is very generous he often buys things for other people.他很大方，经常为别人买东西。 He is generous with his money.他花钱大方。15. fortune n.财富, 运气, 大量财产, 好运, 命运 She had the good fortune to be free from illness. 她运气好，没得病。Through all his changing fortunes, he never lost courage. 任凭命运变换，他从不丧失勇气。It is also believed that it will bring good fortune in the coming year.而且,据说放鞭炮还能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。Fortune smiled on him. 他万事如意。make a fortune / make ones fortune发财致富 seek ones fortune 找出路try ones fortune 碰运气16. financial adj.财政的, 金融的 finance Mr Danial is our financial adviser.丹尼尔先生是我们的财政顾问。 financial ability 财力 financial affairs 财务 financial capital 金融资本financial circles (=the financialworld) 金融界 the financial condition situation 财政状况课文句：Pip is about eighteen years old when this happens, and the forturne sets him free from financial worries.当时皮普大约18岁，这笔钱使他不用为经济问题担忧。17. abrupt adj 突然的(sudden); 生硬的 课文句：Pip makes the abrupt decision to move from Kent, which is a constanat reminder of his shabby beiginnings, to the bright lights of London. 皮普做了个突然的决定，要离开肯特、前往伦敦。肯特总是让他想到自已的贫寒的出身，而伦敦则华灯耀眼。an abrupt change in the weather. 天气的突然变化an abrupt turn 急转弯18. constant adj. 持续的，不断的，经常的 continuous adj.连续的, 持续的 constant complaints 没完没了的抱怨 This has been a timely reminder of the need for constant care.这件事适时地提醒我们要注意时时谨慎19. reminder 提醒（指人或物）, 暗示 remind v. remind sb. of sth. This note is only a reminder.谨此提请注意。20. shabby adj.破旧的, 低劣的, 卑鄙的, 不公平的 shabby clothes 破旧的衣服 wearing a shabby overcoat 穿着一件破旧的外衣be shabby in dress 衣衫褴褛He looks shabby. 他的样子寒酸。21. shortcoming n. 缺点, 短处 (=drawback; disadvantage) 课文句：Money and education have changed him, and before long he developed the shortcomings of being shallow and have predudice, even agianst his old companions.金钱和教育改变了他，不久他养成了浅薄的、偏见的缺点。 Not being punctual is his greatest shortcoming. 不守时间是他最大的短处。 No matter who point out our shortcoming, we will correct them. 不管谁指出我们的缺点，我们都改正。22. shallow a. 浅的, 浅薄的 n. (pl.)浅滩,浅处 课文句:见上21 The sea is shallow here. 这儿的海水很浅。 a shallow talk 肤浅的谈话 The sea is shallow here. 这儿的海水很浅。 23. prejudice n.偏见, 成见, 损害, 侵害课文句:见上21 A judge must be free from prejudice. 法官不应存有偏见。 to the prejudice of sb.s rights 有损于某人的权利 He has a prejudice against all foreigners.他对所有的外国人都有偏见。 have a prejudice against in favour of对.的不利有利偏见 be aprejudiced against对.有偏见 prejudiced adj.怀偏见的 a prejudiced opinion 偏见 Try not to be prejudiced in your judgements. 你作判断时要尽量做到不存偏见.24. companion n. 同伴, 共事者 课文句:见上21accompany vt.陪伴, 伴奏 company n. 陪伴, 公司 in company with 和一起，陪伴某人keep company with和.常来往 a travelling companion 旅伴 He was my only Chinese companion during my stay in Australia.他是我在澳大利亚期间的唯一的中国伙伴。make a companion of 与.作伴， 与.为友25. rigid adj. 刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的 课文句: He has rigid ideas of what it means to be civil and to be gentleman, and is embarrassed by Joe because he does not fit these. 他对文明和绅士有着刻板的观念,而乔让他尴尬, 因为乔与这些观念不匹配 rigid ideas 固执的看法 rigid in ones veiws 意志坚定 She was rigid with fear. 她害怕得全身僵住了。Hes very rigid in his ideas. 他的想法非常固执。26. civil adj. 有教养的, 文明的, 公民的, 国内的 Be civil to the headmaster. 对校长要礼貌些。Keep a civil tongue in your head! 讲话要文明！Keep a civil tongue in your head! Dont speak rudely! 说话要文明有礼!How very civil of you!你多麽彬彬有礼呀! be civil to 对.有礼貌 say sth. civil说奉承恭维话27. bent adj. 决意的, 极想的, 下决心的课文句: Pip is bent on becoming a genteman and winning Estellas love. 皮普一心要成为一名绅士,赢得埃斯特拉的芳心.be bent on一心想要, 决心要; 专心致志于He was bent on making them happy.She was proud of Toms talent and bent up developing it.All eyes were bent on me. 大家都把目光投向我。bend: v. 弯曲,屈服动词过去式:bent 过去分词:bent 现在分词:bending 第三人称单数:bends28. theme n.(谈话, 写作等的)题目, 主题; 音乐 主题, 主题曲, 主旋律 课文句: What it really means to be a gentleman is an important theme in Great Expectations. 远大前程一个重要的主题是：做一名绅士真正意味着什么？ e.g. Stamp collecting was the theme of his talk. 集邮是他谈话的主题。 The theme for tonights talk is education.今天谈话的题目是教育。29. wealth n. n.财富, 财产 wealthy adj. 富有的, 丰裕的, 充分的 课文句：He learns that wealth does not buy happiness and that friends are more important than a fancy education. 他认识到财富买不到幸福，朋友比华而不实的教育更重要。The father passed on the familys wealth to his son. 这位父亲把大笔家产传给儿子。 a wealth of examples 许多例子 a man of wealth 富人 financial wealth 金融财富human wealth人力财富30. fancy adj. 华而不实的，花哨的，高档的，极好的a fancy hat.精美的帽子paid a fancy price for the car.以过高的价格买下一辆汽车They are too fancy for to buy.We must wear fancy dress at the party.I hate the fancy education especially in our school.31. settle vt.安放, 使定居, 安排, 解决, 决定 课本句：He settles there so he can become an educated gentleman . 他在那里住下来，以便能成为一位有教养的绅士。settled her family in Ohio.她家定居俄亥俄They moved the local people and settle them in another place. 他们把当地人迁移到别处定居。32. educated adj 受过教育的， 受过良好教育的 受过训练的Educated people considered as a group; the literati. 文人，学者被作为一个群体看待的受过教育的人33. acquaintance n.相识, 熟人 课本句：The best part of the story is when Pip makes the acquaintance of the man who give him his forturn.故事最精彩的环节是当皮普遇见给他钱财的人的时候。I have some acquaintance with the Russian. 我懂一点儿俄语。 The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.导游懂得一点意大利语。I have no acquaintance with this book.我不熟悉这本书。I have some acquaintance with English, but I do not know it well.我稍懂些英语, 但并不精通。He has a large circle of acquaintances.他有很多相识的熟人。make the acquaintance of sb.结识某人make sb.s acquaintance结识某人Task & Grammar34. novelist n.(长篇)小说家 novel n.小说, 长篇故事 课本句：Oliver Twist was written by the novelist Charles Dickens in 1873 and is one of the 世classics.雾都孤儿由小说家查尔斯狄更斯创作于1873年，35. abnormal ab+normal adj. 反常的, 变态的课本句:His mother dies when his is a baby, and as a result, he experiences an abnormal childhood without any parents. The main character is called Oliver Twist.当他还是个婴儿时，母亲就去世了，因此，他经历了没有父母的不寻常的童年。 We do not think such an abnormal phenomenon will last long.我们认为这样的反常现象不会持续很久。36. workhouse n. 贫民收容所 课本句: He is then sent to a workhouse.然后被送到了济贫院 Oliver does not like anything about the workhouse.奥利弗对济贫院的一切都不喜欢。37. master n.主人, 雇主, (男)教师 课本句：Because of this, he is thrown out of the workhouse and becomes a servant to a cruel master. 因为这件事，他被赶出了济贫院，成为一个残酷的主人的仆人。38. abuse v.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂 n.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂, 陋习, 弊端 课本句：Oliver is abused by his new master. 奥利弗遭受了新主人的虐待。39. criminal n. 罪犯, 犯罪者 crime n. 犯罪, 犯罪行为, 罪行, 罪恶 课本句：He does not want to steal from anyone, but in order to survive, Oliver is forced to become a criminal.他并不想偷任何人的东西，但为了生存。奥利弗被迫成为一名罪犯。 They forced him back into life of crime by pressuring him with threat of violence if he resists. criminal cases 刑事案件 criminal act 犯罪行为 criminal action suit 刑事诉讼 Killing people is a crime. 杀人是一种罪行。40. millionaire n. .百万富翁, 大富豪 课本句：One day, the boy steal from a millionaire named Mr Barnlow.一天，孩子们偷了百万富翁巴恩罗先生的东西。41. court n. 法院, 庭院, 朝廷, 宫庭, 球场 课本句：Oliver was caught by the police and is taken to court.奥利弗被警察抓住，带到法庭上42. vice n. 恶习, 恶行, 坏脾气, 罪恶, 堕落, 缺点, 缺陷 课本句：Mr Barnlow is a man without any of fagins vices.巴恩罗先生没有费金身上的任何恶习。43. pity v.(觉得)可怜 n. 憾事, 怜悯, 同情 课本句：He pities Oliver, taken him home, and tries to reform him.他怜悯奥利弗，把他带回家，并试图感化他。I felt great pity for the woman whose baby died. 我很同情这个死了孩子的妇女。 Its a pity that you have to go so soon. 真遗憾你这么快就得走了。 have pity on sb.可怜某人 taken pity on sb.可怜某人 What a pity! 多么可惜遗憾!44. reform n. 改革, 改善, vt.改革, 革新, 重新组成 vi.革新, 改过, 重组 to reform criminals 改造罪犯 to reform society 改革社会 The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life.改革开放的政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕和多彩的生活。45. pressure n. 压, 压力, 电压, 压迫, 强制, 紧迫 v. 对施加压力 课本句：They forced him back into life of crime by pressuring him with threat of violence if he resists.他们强迫奥利弗重新过着罪恶的生活，如果反抗就以暴力相恐吓强迫。 Do not put much pressure on the handle, it may break. 不要在把柄上太用力了，它会坏的。 He works well under pressure. 他在有压力的情况下工作很出色。 put pressure on sb. 对施加压力= pressure under the pressure of 在压力下 at high presure 紧张的，用力的 work at high presure紧张工作46. threat n. 恐吓, 凶兆, 威胁 threaten vt.恐吓, 威胁 threatened threatening 课本句：They forced him back into life of crime by pressuring him with threat of violence if he resists. 他们强迫奥利弗重新过着罪恶的生活，如果反抗就以暴力相恐吓强迫。 The threat of war has depressed business activity.战争的危胁使商业变得不景气。He took not notice of his fathers threat. 他不理会他父亲的恐吓。47. violence n.猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴 violent adj.猛烈的, 激烈的, 暴力引起的, 强暴的课本句：They forced him back into life of crime by pressuring him with threat of violence if he resists. 他们强迫奥利弗重新过着罪恶的生活，如果反抗就以暴力相恐吓强迫。He slammed the door with violence. 他砰的一声猛地把门关上。The young man was charged with robbery with violence.这个年轻人被控暴力抢劫。Peace-lovers strongly oppose violence and war.爱好和平的人们强烈反对暴力和战争。48. resist vt.抵抗, 反抗, 抗, 忍得住 resistance n.反抗, 抵抗, 抵抗力 make some no resistance 进行不抵抗 the power to resist disease 抗拒疾病的能力She could hardly resist laughing。 她真忍不住要笑。resist aggression抵抗侵略 resist temptation不受引诱I was unable to resist laughing.我忍不住笑了。49. misforturne n.不幸, 灾祸 课本句：He will have only misfortune, not a real family and the love he deserves, which is the major theme of the book.那样他只有不幸，否则他永远也不能和巴恩罗先生团聚，没有真正的家，得不到应有的家，而就是这本书的主题。 She had the misfortune to become seriously ill. 她真倒霉，得了重病。 He failed in business not because of misfortune, but because of his own error.他业务上的失败不是由于遇到了厄运,而是由于他自己的过错。suffer a misfortune 遭到不幸He had the misfortune to break his left arm.他不幸把左胳臂折断了。companions in misfortune患难之交have the misfortune to (do)不幸(而).Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.谚不经灾难不知福。Misfortunes never come alone single. (=One misfortune calls up another.)谚祸不单行。Task50. homemade adj. 自制的, 家里做的，国制的课本句：Soon the home-made ball was spinning across the grass as te boys laughed and shout happily.很快自制的足球在草坪上打着旋儿，孩子们也高兴地欢笑着，叫喊着 (P.11 L6)homemade pie.家制馅饼 The machines here are all homemade. 这里的机器都是国产的。 No matter what the results of the homemade gift look like, remember its the thought that counts.不论自制礼物的结果看起来像什么，心意才是重要。51. kick v. 踢 n. 踢 课本句：The two friends kicked and ran until the sun turned the sky pale orange.(P.11 L5) 两个朋友一直踢呀跑啊，直到太阳把天空奕成浅橙色。 Dont kick the ball into the road.不要把球踢到马路上。The baby was lying on its back, kicking its legs in the air. 婴儿平躺着，两腿向空中踢。 If the door wont open, give it a kick. 如果门开不开的话，就踢它一脚。52. pale adj.苍白的, 暗淡的, 无力的 课本句：The two friends kicked and ran until the sun turned the sky pale orange.(P.11 L5) 两个朋友一直踢呀跑啊，直到太阳把天空奕成浅橙色。 a pale face 苍白的面孔The sky was pale blue. 天空呈淡蓝色。53. spin v. 旋转, 纺, 纺纱 课本句：Soon the home-made ball was spinning across the grass as te boys laughed and shout happily. (P.11 L6) 很快自制的足球在草坪上打着旋儿，孩子们也高兴地欢笑着，叫喊着 The wheels of the car were spinning. 小汽车的轮子飞速旋转。 spin sb. round 使某人很快转身The heavy blow sent the enemy spinning to the ground.猛烈的一击打得敌人昏头转向, 倒在地上。54. sneaker n. 运动鞋（常用pl）胶底运动鞋55. swiftly adv. 很快地, 即刻 swift adj.迅速的, 快的, 敏捷的, 立刻的 课本句：The ball suddenly stopped when a new sneeker swiftly pinned it to the ground. 当一只新运动鞋的飞快地把球压在地上时，球突然停住了。56. stout a. 强壮的,稳重的 课本句：Steven was stout and a strong soccer player.史蒂芬是个强壮结实的足球运动员。Shes growing rather stout.她有点发胖。 He became stout as he grew older.随着年龄的增长，他发胖了。57. envelope n.信封 课本句：The next morning, Kevins mother gave him an envelope, Your uncle sent you a birthday present.次日早上，凯文的母亲递给他一个信封。58. brand new 崭新的，全新的 课本句：Later that day, a pair of brand new sneakers lay next to his chair, and in the corner, was a new soccer ball.那天晚些时候，一双崭新的运动鞋摆在椅子旁边，角落里则有个新足球。59. muddy adj. 沾满泥巴的，泥泞的 mud n. n.泥, 泥浆, 泥泞 课本句：Mike;s sneakers were old and muddy, and he had little talent for soccer.60. talent n.天才, 才干, 才能 课本句：Mike;s sneakers were old and muddy, and he had little talent for soccer. 迈克的鞋子很旧，满是泥土，而且他在足球上没什么天赋。 My sister has a talent for music. 我妹妹有音乐才能。 literary talent 文学才能 special talent 特殊才能人才 have a talent for 有的才能 = have a gift for有的才能（天赋） be gifted for 61. sorrow n.悲哀, 悲痛 课本句：Kevub was filled with sorrow at the sight of his old soccer ball, and he let out a sad sigh.看到这个旧足球，凯文心中充满了歉疚，他叹了口气。 He told me with sorrow that his mother was very ill. 他悲伤地告诉我，他的母亲病得很厉害。 cause much sorrow to 使.非常伤心; 给.造成许多烦恼express ones sorrow for ones mistake 对错误表示遗憾share ones joys ond sorrows 与某人苦乐与共drown ones sorrows 借酒解愁more in sorrow than in anger悲哀多于愤怒62. at the sight of 一看到； 一想到 at the thought of 一提到at the mention of at the sound of 一听到63. sigh n.叹息, 叹息声 vi.叹息, 叹气 I wish I had finished this work, she said with a sigh.我希望我完成了这项工作，”她叹口气说。 draw fetch, heave a sigh 叹气, 抽口气 sigh for sth. 渴望; 想念 sigh over sth. 为.而悲叹64. anger n.怒, 愤怒 angry 课本句：As his sadness tourned to anger, he picked up his new soccer ball and kicked it into the air. 当悲伤转变成愤怒时，他拿起新足球，把它踢向空中。 in anger生气, 动怒 be angered by at因.而发怒65. dot n.点, 圆点, 园点 vt.在.上打点 课本句：Up it flew, higher and higher, until it ws a smaal dot in the sky. 它朝上飞，越飞越高，直到最后成为天空中的一个小黑点。 On the map towns were marked by a red dot. 在地图上，城镇是用小红点标出的。 a blue shirt with white dots带有小白点的蓝色衬衣 dot the city with lights用灯光点缀城市66. gently adv.轻轻地, 逐渐地 课文句：Holding it gently in his hands, he sat down on the old bench and waited. 他把球轻轻地棒在手中，坐在旧长凳上等着。67. attic n.阁楼, 顶楼 课本句：A literary review of Ghe Attic”, a short story by Virginia For. 关于维吉妮娅福克斯的短篇小说阁楼的文学评论。 The main character of The Attic is a lovely girl called Cindy. 阁楼的主人公是个辛迪的可爱女孩。68. lovely 课本句：S