化学与化工专业英语2-化学基础知识.ppt

化学基础知识 三 参考书 1 化学信息学教程 Gasteiger JandEngel T编著 德文 梁逸曾 徐峻 姚建华等译 化工出版社 2005年2 化学专业英语 马永祥等编 兰大出版社 1997年3 化学信息学 邵学广和蔡文生编科学出版社 2002年 Part1PhysicalPropertiesPart2ChemicalEquationsPart3ChemicalCalculationPart4NomenclatureOfInorganicChemicalsPart5NomenclatureOfOrganicChemicals Part1PhysicalProperties物理性质 1 Colour 颜色 colourlessred brownviolet blackpurple blackpaleyellowdarkbrown 2 state solidliquidgasgaseousoilycrystallineuncrystallinemoltenfused 3 smell odourlesspungentpenetratingchokingoffensivesoursweetbitter 4 solubility solubleinsolubleslightlysolubleverysoluble 5 observations briskeffervescenceprecipitatemilkyaqueoussolution 6 density heavylightlessdensedensergreatlydenserslightlydenseraboutthesamedense 7 hardness hardsoftductilemalleable 8 toxicity toxicpoisonous 9 meltingpointboilingpoint Highlow 10 conductivity electronicconductivitythermalconductivityconductorsemiconductorinsulator Exercise 试用英语描述氧气 氮气和金属铁的物理性质 disproportionationneutralization hydrolysisexothermicreactionendothermicreactionreversiblereactionforwardreactionreversereactionspontaneousreactionnonspontaneousreaction 1 反应名称 化学方程式 Part2ChemicalEquations 2 反应条件 heat burnignite ignitionelectrolyze electrolysisunder atambient roomtemperatureunderstandardpressurewith intheprescenceofcatalyst 3 读法 3 1Nitrogenreactswithhydrogentoformammoniaathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalyst N2 3H2 2NH3 高温 高压 催化剂 1molnitrogenreactswith3molhydrogentoform2molammoniaathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalyst 3 2 Nitrogencombineswithhydrogentoformammoniaathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalyst Ammoniadecomposestonitrogenandhydrogenathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalyst 3 3 Reactionbetweennitrogenandhydrogenathightemperatureandpressurewiththepresenceofacatalystgivesammonia Athightemperatureandpressure reactionofnitrogenwithhydrogeninthepresenceofacatalysttakesplace Zinctreatedwithhydrochloricacidformshydrogenandzincchloride Zn 2HCl ZnCl2 H2 3 4 CalciumcarbonatewhenheatedproducescalciumoxideandcarbondioxideCalciumcarbonateisheatedtoyieldcalciumoxideandcarbondioxideCalciumcarbonatedecomposestocalciumoxideandcarbondioxidewhenitisheated 3 1化学术语 atomicmass weight molecularweightamount ofsubstance molenumberofmoles molarmassmolarvolume concentrationmolarity excessagentlimitingagent reactantproduct yield Part3ChemicalCalculation 化学计算 3 2数学术语 运算名称additionsubstractionmulplicationdivision动词读法addsubstract ed frommultiply ied bydivide d by介词读法plusminustimesover运算结果sumdifferenceproductquotient 0 001o zeropointooone2 3twothirds equals isequalto isapproximatelyequalto lessthan greaterthanx2xsquaredx3xcubedx 10 xtotheminustenthpower100oconehundreddegreescentigrade5 fivepercent bymass volume roundbrackets parentheses square angularbrackets braces Exercise 试用英语描述下面化学反应 H2和O2在点燃的条件下生成H2O CaCO3在加热条件下分解 Cu在O2中氧化 Chapter4 Nomenclatureofcompounds SectionI Inorganiccompounds 一 NAMEOFTHEELEMENTS S blockElement IAHHydrogenLiLithiumNaSodiumKPotassiumRbRubidiumCsCesiumFrFrancium IIABeBerylliumMgMagnesiumCaCalciumSrStrontiumBaBariumRaRadium IIIAIVAVABBoronCCarbonNNitrogenAlAluminiumSiSiliconPPhosphorusGaGalliumGeGermaniumAsArsenicInIndiumSnTinSbAntimonyTlThalliumPbLeadBiBismuth P blockElement I VIAVIIA0HeHeliumOOxygenFFluorineNeNeonSSulfurClChlorineArArgonSeSeleniumBrBromineKrKryptonTeTelluriumIIodineXeXenonPoPoloniumAtAstatineRnRadon P blockElement II CommonTransitionElememt Ti titaniumSc scandiumV vanadiumCr chromiumMn manganeseFe ironCo cobaltNi nickelCu copperZn zincHg mercuryAg silverAu goldPd PalladiumPt platinumW tungsten 二 Namingmetalions cations formetaloxides basesandsalts 1 SinglevalenceionsCation sname Elementforexample Na SodiumAl3 AluminumK PotassiumCa2 Calcium 2 Multivalenceions Cation sname Element V Forexample Fe2 Iron II orFerrousFe3 Iron III orFerricCr2 Chromium II Cr3 Chromium III Mn4 Manganese IV Mn2 Manganese II 三 Namingnonmetalions anions 1 MonatomicanionsAnion sname Element sroot ideForexample Cl Chloride chlorine O2 Oxide oxygen Br BromideOH HydroxideI IodideCN CyanideS2 SulfideH Hydride 2 Polyatomicoxyanions 1 AcidradicalsfornormalsaltAnion sname CentralElement sroot ateforexample ClO3 ChlorateIO3 IodatePO43 PhosphateNO3 NitrateSO42 SulfateCO32 Carbonate 2 Acidradicalsformeta salts Anion sname Centralelement sroot iteforexample ClO2 ChloriteIO2 IoditePO33 PhosphiteNO2 NitriteSO32 Sulfite 3 Acidradicalsforhypo salts Anion sname Hypo Centralelement sroot iteforexample ClO HypochloriteIO HypoioditePO23 Hypophosphite 4 Acidradicalsforpersalts Anion sname Per centralElement sroot ateforexample ClO4 PerchlorateIO4 PeriodateMnO4 Permanganate 四 Namingcompounds 1 MetaloxideMetaloxide Cation oxideforexample FeOIron II oxide Ferrousoxide Fe2O3Iron III oxide Ferricoxide Fe3O4FerroferricoxidePb3O4TrileadtetraoxideNa2O2Sodiumperoxide 2 Nonmetaloxide Nonmetaloxide n Nonmetalelement n oxideforexample COCarbonmonoxideCO2CarbondioxideSO3SulfurtrioxideN2O3DinitrogentrioxideP2O5Diphosphoruspentoxide Numeralprefix EnglishLatin一mono uni 二di bi 三tri ter 四tetra quadri 五penta quinque 六hexa sexi 七hepta sept 八octa 九nona 十deca 3 Bases Base Metalcation hydroxideforexample Al OH 3AluminumhydroxideNaOHSodiumhydroxideCa OH 2CalciumhydroxideBa OH 2BariumhydroxideCo OH 2Cobalt II hydroxide 4 Salts 1 CaC2calciumcarbideNaClsodiumchloride 2 Normalsalt Normalsalt Cation anionforexampleHgSO4Mercury II sulfateKNO3PotassiumnitrateNa2CO3SodiumcarbonateNaClOSodiumhypochlorite 3 Acidicsalts Acidicsalt Cation hydrogen anionforexample NaHSO4SodiumhydrogensulfateNa2HPO4DisodiumhydrogenphosphateNaH2PO4SodiumdihydrogenphosphateNaHCO3SodiumbicarbonateCa HSO4 2Calciumbisulfate 4 Basicsalts Basicsalt Cation hydroxy anionforexample Cu2 OH 2CO3Dicopper II dihydroxycarbonateBi OH 2NO3Bismuth III dihydroxynitrateCa OH ClCalciumhydroxychlorideMg OH PO4Magnesiumhydroxyphosphate 4 Mixedsalts Mixedsalt Cation cation anionforexample NaKSO3SodiumpotassiumsulfiteCaNH4PO4CalciumammoniumphosphateAgLiCO3SilverlithiumcarbonateNaNH4SO4Sodiumammoniumsulfate 5 Acids 1 Meta andhypo acid itssalt ite Acid Centralelement sroot ous acidforexample H2SO3SulfurousacidH3PO3PhosphorousacidHNO2NitrousacidHClOHypochlorousacidHClO2Chlorousacid 2 Per hydro normalacid itssalt ate ide Acid Centralelement sroot ic acidforexample H2CO3CarbonicacidH2SO4SulfuricacidH3PO4PhosphoricacidHNO3NitricacidHClO4Perchloricacid 3 HydrogenhalogenacidsHydro Centralelement sroot ic acidForexample HCl HydrochloricacidHF HydrofluoricacidHBr HydrobromicacidHI Hydroiodicacid除了水和氨气使用俗称water H2O ammonia NH3 以外 其它的非金属氢化物都用系统名称 对于卤族和氧族氢化物另一种方法是按盐命名 Forexample HFHydrogenfluorideHClHydrogenchlorideHBrHydrogenbromideHIHydrogeniodideH2SHydrogensulfideH2SeHydrogenselenideH2TeHydrogentelluride 4 Othernonmatelhydridename element sroot ane 氮族还可加 ine Forexample PH3 PhosphineorphosphaneAsH3 ArsineorarsaneSbH3 StibineorstibaneBiH3 BismuthaneCH4 MethaneSiH4 SilaneB2H6 Diborane 6 含氧酸根的命名补充 五 Namingcoordinationcomplex 1 Ligands 1 NegativeionsasligandsLigand Element sroot oforexample CN CyanoNO2 NitroF FluoroNO3 NitratoCl ChloroCO32 CarbonatoBr BromoCH3COO AcetatoO OxoH HydridoOH Hydroxo O2CCO2 Oxalato 2 Neutralmoleculesasligand Ligand Radicalnameforexample NH3AmmineCOCarbonylH2OAquaCH3NH2MethylamineH2NCCNH2Ethylenediamine 2 Complexions 1 NeutralcomplexorcomplexionswithpositivechargeComplexion n Ligand metalion N forexample Ag NH3 2 Diamminesilver I Cu NH3 42 Tetraamminecopper II Co NH3 3 NO2 3 Triamminetrinitrocobalt III 2 Complexionswithnegativecharge Complexion n Ligand metal sroot ate N forexample Fe CN 6 4 Hexacyanoferrate II BF4 Tetrafluoroborate III AlF6 3 Hexafluoroaluminate III AuCl4 Tetrachloroaurate III 3 Namingcomplex Complex Cation anionforexample Li AlH4 Lithiumtetrahydridoaluminate III Ag NH3 2 ClDiamminesilver I chlorideK4 Fe CN 6 Potassiumhexacyanoferrate II Cu NH3 4 SO4Tetraamminecopper II sulfateNi CO 4Tetracarbonylnickel 0 Exercise H2SO4HClHNO3HNO2HCNNa2SCuSO4Fe NO3 3HClO4KCNNH4ClNaClONaOHMn OH 2Fe2O3P2O5H2O2K2Cr2O7Cu2 OH 2CO3CaHPO4PtCl42 Ag NH3 2 ClK4 Fe CN 6 Answer H2SO4sulfuricacidHClhydrogenchlorideorhydrochloricacidHNO3nitricacidHNO2nitrousacidHCNhydrogencyanideorhydrocyanicacidNa2SsodiumsulfideCuSO4copper II sulfateorcupricsulfateFe NO3 3iron III nitrateorferricnitrateHClO4perchloricacidKCNpotassiumcyanideNH4Clammoniumchloride NaClOsodiumhypochloriteNaOHsodiumhydroxideMn OH 2Manganese II hydroxideFe2O3iron III oxideorferricoxideP2O5DiphosphoruspentoxideH2O2hydrogenperoxideK2Cr2O7potassiumdichromateCu2 OH 2CO3Dicopper II dihydroxycarbonateCaHPO4calciumhydrogenphosphatePtCl42 tetrachloroplatinum II Ag NH3 2 ClDiamminesilver I chlorideK4 Fe CN 6 Potassiumhexacyanoferrate II Answer Section5 Nomenclatureoforganiccompounds 一 Namingalkanes 1 1SaturatedunbranchedhydrocarbonsAlkane Numberprefix aneforexample CH4MethaneCH3CH2CH3PropaneCH3CH3EthaneCH3 CH2 2CH3ButaneCH3 CH2 3CH3PentaneCH3 CH2 4CH3HexaneCH3 CH2 5CH3HeptaneCH3 CH2 6CH3OctaneCH3 CH2 7CH3NonaneCH3 CH2 8CH3Decane 11 19Alkane Numberprefix decaneforexample 11 alkaneUndecane12 alkaneDodecane13 alkaneTridecane14 alkaneTetradecane15 alkanePentadecane16 alkaneHexadecane17 alkaneHeptadecane 18 alkaneOctadecane19 alkaneNonadecane20 alkaneIcosane21 29Alkane Numberprefix cosaneforexample 21 alkaneHenicosane22 alkaneDocosane23 alkaneTricosane24 alkaneTetracosane25 alkanePentacosane 30 AlkaneTriacontane31 39Alkane Numberprefix triacontaneforexample 31 AlkaneHentriacontane32 AlkaneDotriacontane33 AlkaneTritriacontane34 AlkaneTetratriacontane35 Alkanepentatriacontane36 AlkaneHexatriacontane 40 90Alkane Numberprefix contaneforexample 40AlkaneTetracontane50AlkanePentacontane60AlkaneHexacontane70AlkaneHeptacontane80AlkaneOctacontane90AlkaneNonacontane 100 199 10 99 numberprefix hectaneforexample 100AlkaneHectane110AlkaneDecahectane125AlkanePentacosahectane143AlkaneTritetracontahectane133AlkaneTritriacontahectane168AlkaneOctahexacontahectane 1 2Univalentradicals Radical Alk ylforexample CH3 MethylCH3CH2 EthylCH3CH2CH2 PropylCH3 CH2 2CH2 Butyl 1 3Saturatedbranched chainhydrocarbon 1 branched chainhydrocarbon n Radical alkaneforexample 2 Othertraditionalname加iso 异 sec 仲 tert 特 neo 新 词头命名Forexample CH3 2CHCH3isobutane CH3 2CHCH2CH3isopentane CH3 4CNeopentane 1 4Univalentbranchedradicals Radical Alk ylforexample 1 5Polysidechainhydrocarbon Butyl Ethyl Isopropyl Methyl Propylforexample 二 Namingunsaturatedhydrocarbon 2 1UnbranchedacyclicalkeneAlkene Numberprefix eneforexample C C C C C C2 HexeneC C CPropeneC C C C2 ButeneC C C C C1 Pentene 2 2Poly ene n Alkene Alk a n enen 2 adienen 3 atrienen 4 atetraeneforexample C C C C C C C1 3 5 HeptatrieneC C C C1 3 ButadieneC C C C C1 3 Pentadiene 2 3Alkyne Alkyne Alk yne a n yne n 2 adiynen 3 atriyneforexample 2 4Unsaturatedhydrocarbonwithbothdoubleandtriplebonds Alkenyne Numberprefix enyneTwoene oneyne adien yneThreeene oneyne atrien yneOneene twoyne ene diyneforexample 烯炔命名的几点说明 1 先烯优于炔 即n某烯m炔2 双键定位号在最前面 三键定位号在ene与yne之间 3 烯炔分子只有一个三键时ene与yne相接的ene词尾e应删除 即en yne 当有多个三键时由于要加数字词头所以e不再删除 2 5Unsaturatedunivalentradicals Alkeneradical Alken ylAlkyneradical Alkyn ylforexample 2 6Multivalentradicals Bivalentradical univalentradical idene ene Trivalentradical univalentradical idyneforexample Benzylidene 当自由价不在同一碳上时radical univalentradical ene 三 Cyclichydrocarbons 3 1SaturatedmonocyclichydrocarbonsCyclicalkane Cyclo alkaneforexample Cyclichydrocarbonswithsidechains1 侧链碳原子数少于环内碳 侧链作取代基 反之环作取代基 2 侧链上有不止一个环时 环作取代基 3 2Unsaturatedmonocyclichydrocarbons Cyclicalkene Cyclo alkeneforexample 3 3Univalentradicalsofcyclichydrocarbons Cyclicradical Cyclo Rforexample 命名桥环烃步骤 1 确定环数 将环烃变为开链烃时需要断开的次数就是该环烃的环数 2 选择主环 主环应包含尽量多的碳原子且有两个碳原子作为主桥桥头 3 选择主桥 主桥应包含尽量多的碳原子且尽可能把主环对称分开 4 桥环烃编号 从桥头 1 开始绕主环最后到桥上 5 名称开头用数字词头表明环数 然后在 中表明各个环上除桥头碳以外的碳原子数 把碳原子数最少的桥定为次桥并用上标表明其位置 6 在 后写出与桥环烃等碳原子的开链烃名称 3 4Bicyclicbridgedhydrocarbons Forexample 3 5Polycyclicsystems 1 螺环烃编号 从螺原子相邻的小环 1 开始绕小环经螺原子到大环 3 名称开头用spiro后接 在方括弧中表明各个环上除螺碳以外的碳原子数 先写小环 4 在 后写出与桥环烃等碳原子的开链烃名称 5 当有多个螺原子时在spiro前加数字词头 编号从分子一端螺原子相邻的原子开始沿顺时针方向编完 3 6Spirohydrocarbons Forexample 14 Azadispiro 5 1 5 2 pentadecane 1 3 7Substitutedaromatichydrocarbons 1 Trivialname 2 SystemnameSystemname n R benzenen 2 3 4oro ortho m meta p para forexample 3 复杂取代芳烃当苯环上有4个碳或更长链的不饱和侧链时 或多个苯环连接在同一链烃上时 链烃为母体苯环作取代基 1 Phenyl 2 hexene 1 2 diphenyl 1 methylethane 3 8Substitutedaromaticradicals 1 Trivialname 2 Aryl 芳基 Arylene 亚芳基 systemname位置编码从自由价开始构词方法与链烃一样 1 2 diphenylene 2 6 dimethylphenyl 四 Alcohols aldehydesandketones 4 1Alcohols 1 Systemname 一元醇Alcohol Alkan ol多元醇Alcohol Alkane n ol多元醇在名称前表标明羟基位置 在烃名称后直接加带数字词头的ol 不取e Forexample 2 Oldname Alcohol Radical alcohol 3 Trivialname 4 硫醇和硫酚在化合物的名称后直接加词尾thiol就是硫醇或硫酚 不删除e Forexample PropanethiolBenzenethiol 4 2 Radicals 1 RO R C1 C4 Radical Alk oxyforexample CH3O MethoxyCH3CH2O EthoxyCH3CH2CH2CH2O ButoxyCH3CH2CH2O Propoxy 2 RO R C4 Radical Alkyl oxyForexample 3 O X O Radical X dioxyforexample OCH2O Methylenedioxy OCH2CH2O Ethylenedioxy 4 3 Ether 1 EtherasmaingroupEther R R etherforexample CH3OCH2CH3Ethylmethylether CH3 2CHOCH3IsopropylmethyletherCH3CH2OCH2CH3diethylether 2 ORassubstitutivegroupForexample CH3OCH2CH2OCH31 2 Dimethoxyethane not1 2 Dimethoxyethylene 1 Ethoxy 4 methylbenzene Propoxyethene1 2 Diphenoxyethane 3 Epoxycompounds环氧化合物用词头epoxy alkane命名 用数字标明碳氧键位置 1 Chloro 2 3 epoxypropane 2 Methyl 1 3 epoxybutane 4 4 Aldehydes 1 AcyclicaldehydesAldehyde Alkan alforexample 2 Aldehydewithcyclicgroup Aldehyde Cyclicalkane carbaldehydeForexample 3 部分醛基作取代基的多元醛的命名 当侧链上有不便以醛命名的醛基时可用formyl或Metnoyl Formyl R等取代基命名 3 Formylethyl 1 2 6 hexanetricarbaldehyde 3 4 7 Diformyl 1 naphthyl propanalor1 Formylethyl 4 7 naphthalenedicarbaldehyde 4 Trivialname formyl 4 5 Ketones 1 SystemnameKetone Alkan oneforexample 2 Oldname Ketone R R ketoneforexample 3 脂肪酮与环系相连时 一般将环系作取代基命名 7 Quinolyl 1 propanone 1 Cyclohexyl 6 1 cyclopentadienyl 2 6 hexanedione 1 2 Di 4 pyridyl ethanedione 4 芳环上有开链单酰基的酮其它命名 当芳香环是苯和萘时 酮的名称是把开链酰基的 yl换成 ophenone onaphthone即可 Acetophenone 1 Butyronaphthone 2 Butyrylpyridine 5 Quinone醌的命名醌的名称 芳烃词头加 oquinone 也可按1 4二酮命名 1 4 cyclohexanedione Benzoquinoneor2 5 Cyclohexadiene 1 4 dione 1 4 Naphthoquinoneor1 4 Naphthenedione 6 Acetal缩醛的命名 环状缩醛可按杂环命名 也可将 OCH2O 作为取代基命名为 亚甲二氧基 开链缩醛直接将 OR作为烷氧基命名 1 Methoxyethanoloracetaldehydemethylacetal 1 1 Dimethoxycyclohexaneorcyclohexanonedimethylacetal 2 5 Dioxaspiro 4 5 decane 2 3 Methylenedioxynaphthalene 7 Oxime肟的命名 a 对应的醛酮名后加oxime b 对应的醛酮亚烷基 azanol 羟氨 Benzaldehydeoximeor benzylidene azanol Cyclopentanoneoximeor cyclopentylidene azanol Acetoneoximeor isopropylidene azanol c 当有更优先基团时 NOH作取代基命名为hydroxyimino 词头 d 当羟氨氢被取代时 NOR命名为 alkoxyazane Benzylidenemethoxyazane 2 Chloroethylidene methoxyazane 3 Hydroxyiminobutyricacid 五 Thenomenclatureofcarboxylicacidsanditsderivative 5 1Carboxylicacids 5 2Radicalsofcarboxylicacid 5 3Carboxylicsalts 5 4Esters 5 5Carbonylhalides5 6Anhydrides5 7Amides5 8Hydrazideandhydrazone 5 1Thecarboxylicacid 1 C OOH Themainchaininvolvescarboxyliccarbon Carboxylicacid Alkan oicacidforexample 2 COOH Themainchainwithoutcarboxyliccarbon Carboxylicacid Alkane carboxylicacidforexample 5 2Acylradicals 1 R C O Acylradical Alkan oylforexample 2 RCO Acylradical Alkane carbonylforexample 3 Someexception CH3CH2CH2CO ButanoicButyricButyryl 5 3Carboxylicsalts Carboxylicsalt Metal Alkan oateorMetal Alkane carboxylateforexample 5 4Esters 1 Ester Alkylalkanoate Alkylcycloalkane carboxylateforexample 2 多元醇酯及复杂酯的命名Ester Alkylenen alkanoate 对有更优先基团的酯应将酯基作取代基 Ethylenediacetate p Phenyleneacetatechloroacetate 6 Methoxycarbonyl 1 naphthalenecarboxylicacid 3 Lactone内酯 Lactone 链烃去e换 olide词尾 并标出关环的羟基位号 交酯可按环酮命名 5 Pentanolide 5 Chloro 4 hexanolide 1 4 Oxacyclohexane 2 5 dione 5 5Acylhalides Acylhalide Alkane carbonylorAlkan oyl halideforexample 5 6Anhydrides 1 Anhydride Carboxylic anhydrideforexample 2 混合酸酐 把两个不同的酸按首字母顺序写出再加上anhydride Aceticbenzoicanhydride Aceticchloroaceticanhydride 5 7Amide 1 Amide 1 CONH2 Themainchainwithoutcarbonylcarbon Amide Alkane carboxamideforexample 2 C ONH2 Themainchaininvolvescarbonylcarbon Amide Alkan amideforexample 2 Lactam 内酰胺 内酰胺名 n 等碳原子数的烷烃名 lactamForexample Caprolactamor5 hexanelactam 4 Methyl 4 butanelactam 3 Imide 酰亚胺 酰亚胺名 酸名称去 ic换 imide 与酸对应烃名称 dicarboximide N Phenylsuccinimide 1 2 Cyclohexanedicarboximide N Methyl 1 2 benzenedicarboximideorN Methylphthalimide 4 Amideorimide作取代基的命名酰胺和酰亚胺作前缀时分别用carbamoyl imido 2 Carbamoylbenzoicacid 7 Phthalimido 1 naphthoicacid 5 8Hydrazideandhydrazone 酰肼和腙 N 4 6 diphenylpyrimdin 2 yl methylpropanoichydrazide Maleichydrazide 1 酰肼名 酸名称中的acid被hydrazide取代 2 腙名 醛 酮 名后加hydrazone 肼基上有取代基时在hydrazone前面加 把取代基放在 中 4 Fluorobenzaldehyde E 4 fluorobenzylidene hydrazone Acetophenone 2 4 dinitrophenyl hydrazone Quinoline 2 carbaldehydehydrazone TetramethylenedicarboxylicdisalicyloylhydrazideOrhexanedioicdisalicyloylhydrazide 有些酰腙也可命名成酰肼 既是腙也是酰肼 Salicylicbenzylidenehydrazide