过去完成时.doc

过去完成时1 定义及结构定义表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件.它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果.结构主语+had+动词过去分词2 句型结构句型结构肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其它.否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其它.疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+hadnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其它？3 过去完成时的用法用法例句表示过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,可用by、before、until、since等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,或者通过上下文表示.一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语.与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by+过去的时间点by the end of+过去的时间点before+过去的时间点By the time I went outside,the bus had already left.When I got to school,I realized I had left my backpack at home. They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.表示“一就”的几个句型Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had +主语+过去分词+ when/than/before +一般过去时We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式；He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时.这种用法常出现在：（1）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句.（2）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时.（3）表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图.意为原本,未能（4）根据上、下文来判定（1）宾语从句中She said that she had seen the film before.她说她已经看过这部电影了（2）状语从句中After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作业后,他上床睡觉了注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,用一般过去时表示过去完成时,则主、从句都用一般过去时.After he closed the door, he left the classroom.After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.（3）表示意向的动词We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.我们原本希望你来,但你没有来.（4）根据上、下文来判定I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.我昨天在街上遇见了王滔.自从他去北京,我们都没有见过面4 与现在完成时的区别现在完成时过去完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以now的时间为基点,但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词 Im sorry to keep you waiting.对不起,让你久等了 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟5 与一般过去时的区别1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间.比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 过去完成时表示过去的过去,不单独使用,一般和一般过去式一起使用When I got to school,I realized I had left my backpack at home.3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外,在before,after,as soon as引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时.He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.【大展身手】1When I got to the cinema，the film for the minutes Ahas begun Bhad begun Chad been on Dwas on2He to the lab than he set out to do the experiment Ahas no sooner got Bwas supposed to Cwill no sooner get Dhad no sooner got3He stepped into the office， down and began to fill in the forms Asitting Bto sit Csat Dhaving sat4The little girl her heart out because she her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find itAhad cried；1ost Bcried；had loseChas cried；has lost Dcries；has 1ost5 The pen I I is on my desk，right under my nose Athink；lost Bthought；had lost Cthink；had lost Dthought；have 1ost6. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that. （02北京春季）A. had been; have seen B have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D have been; had seen7. The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. （03北京） A. had knownB. knewC. have knownD. know8He kept looking at her , wondering whether he her somewhere . （04湖北）Asaw Bhas seen Csees Dhad seen 9George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ? No , I . Did they have a big wedding ? （04湖北）Awas not invited Bhave not been invited Chadnt been invited Ddidnt invite 10. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. （04北京春季） A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting11. He _ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? (05北京卷)A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned12. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car. (05广东卷)A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be13. When the old man _ to walk back to his house ,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（05湖北卷）Astarted ;had already hidden Bhad started ;had already hiddenChad started ;was hiding Dwas starting; hid14. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. (05江西卷)Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone15. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He_her before.（05北京春季）A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen 16. We that you would fix the TV set this week. Im sorry. I to, but Ive been too busy.A. had expected； had intended B. are expecting； had intendedC. expect； intend D. expected； intend17. Alice came back home the day before yesterday. Really ? Where ?A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone 18. you the editor at the airport? No, he away before my arrival.A. Have.met； has driven B. Had.met； was driven C. Did.meet； had been driven D. Have.met； had driven 19. The vegetables didnt taste very good. Theytoo long. A. had been cookedB. were cooked C. had cooked D. cooked 20. What were you up to when your parents came in? Ifor a while andsome reading.A. was playing； was going to do B. played； did C. had played； was going to do D. had played； did21. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never him ta