论文达陕高速公路隧道塌方机制及处治措施研究.doc

高速公路隧道论文：达陕高速公路隧道塌方机制及处治措施研究【中文摘要】随着我国基础设施的建设,我国公路隧道设计、施工技术有了飞速的发展。塌方是隧道建设中危害极大的地质灾害之一,投入到塌方治理的费用呈逐年增加趋势。隧道在开挖过程中,由于地质构造,施工方法等问题而造成塌方事故时常发生。塌方的发生,严重影响隧道施工的安全,同时造成了重大经济损失。因此,对塌方事故的发生机制和处理方法进行总结,对以后隧道的快速安全施工具有较大的实际意义。本文以四川达陕高速公路隧道建设中的发生的塌方事故为例,利用地质调查、理论分析和数值模拟等手段对达陕高速公路隧道中引起塌方的因素、塌方的类型以及相应的塌方形成机制进行分析总结,并对塌方的处治措施进行了研究,获得的主要成果如下:(1)通过对隧道塌方实例的分析,总结出达陕高速公路隧道塌方的影响因素主要为:构造破碎带、地下水的间接作用、涌水突泥、隧道偏压和施工方法等五个方面。同时对塌方的类型进行了总结,将隧道塌方的类型按控制因素、诱发因素、塌方形态因素和机理因素四种因素进行分类。(2)根据前人总结的塌方机制,结合达陕高速公路隧道塌方特点,得出主要有剪切-滑落型、张裂-塌落型、塑流-挤出型、流动-塌落型和振动-塌落型五种塌方机制。(3)采用FLAC3D对防塌方的不同支护结构的加固机理进行数值模拟分析。得出:单独使用锚杆对破碎围岩支护效果不大,单靠增加锚杆长度也不能有效的改善围岩力学性质;在不采取其他支护手段的前提下,钢拱架间距不宜大于1.2m。通过对典型塌方的数值模拟得出:最小主应力在拱腰部位近于垂直或在拱顶部位近于正交。另外,洞室开挖后,在开挖边界一定范围内出现了不同程度的塑性破坏区。在拱顶和底板以张拉性破坏为主,拱腰和拱脚部位以剪切破坏为主。(4)结合达陕高速公路隧道塌方和其他相关的塌方处治措施,对断层破碎带、瓦斯、涌水和浅埋偏压等不同类型下的塌方提出处治措施,对不同规模的塌方提出了处治方案。(5)将信息化施工技术应用于隧道塌方防治中,结合典型实例,证明了信息化施工的可行性和优越性。【英文摘要】With the construction of infrastructure in our country, the design of expressway tunnel and the technology of construction have developed rapidly. In the construction of the tunnel,collapse is one of the great harm of geological disasters,the cost of collapse treatment increases year by year. During the tunnel excavation, collapse is frequent happen because geological structure, construction methods. The occurrence of collapse, which seriously impact the tunnel construction safety, also caused a great economic losses. Therefore, the collapse accident mechanism, and processing method are summarized, the rapid construction safety after tunnel has great practical significance.Based on collapse during the tunnel construction of sichuan Dashan expressway for example, using geological survey, the theory analysis and numerical simulation methods to research the factors and mechanism caused by collapse, and the paper summarized the collapse treatment measures are analyzed, and the main achievement include:(1) Based on the analysis of the tunnel collapse examples, summarizes the main influence factors of da shan superhighway tunnel collapse including five aspects : Structural fracture zone、indirect effects of groundwater、water gushing tunnel bias and construction method.Meanwhile the type of collapse is summarized, and the type of tunnel collapse be classified four factors :the control factors, inducing factors, cave-ins form factors and mechanism factors classify four factors.(2) According to the collapse mechanism that former summaried with da shan expressway tunnel collapse, it is concluded that there have five kinds of mechanism : shear - slide, splay -collapsing, plasticity - extrusion, flow - collapsing and vibration - collapsing. (3) For different supporting structure by FLAC3D numerical simulation the reinforcement mechanism analysis. We can get that there have a little work on, sheet and relies on increase anchor is ineffectively improved the rock mechanics properties; In the conditions that do not take other supporting means in the premise, steel arch frame spacing shoulds not be more than 1.2 m. Based on the numerical simulation of the typical collapse,wo can conclusion that: minimum principal stress in arch perpendicular to the waist bits in vaults parts or nearing orthogonal. In addition, after excavating at various levels in a certain range of surrounding rock excavation boundary appeared in different degrees of plastic damage area. In vaults and bottom mainly by drawing sex destruction, arch waist and arch feet site shear failure to give priority to.(4) Combined with Dashan road and other related information to the treatment of the collapse, fault fracture zone, the gas, bias, water gushing under different types of collapse proposed the reasonable processing measures of different scale, and put forward reasonable of collapse treatment plan.(5) Adopted to monitor measuring technology, To prevent further deformation damage , combined with the examples, proved the feasibility and advantage of informatization construction.【关键词】高速公路隧道 塌方 数值模拟 处治方案 信息化施工【英文关键词】tunnels in expressway collapse Numerical Simulation Treatment plan information design-construct【目录】达陕高速公路隧道塌方机制及处治措施研究摘要4-6ABSTRACT6-7第一章 绪论11-211.1 研究背景及意义11-121.2 国内外研究现状12-181.2.1 隧道塌方发生的机制12-141.2.2 隧道塌方处治技术14-161.2.3 数值分析方法的研究现状16-181.3 研究内容及技术路线18-211.3.1 研究内容18-191.3.2 技术路线19-21第二章 研究区地质环境条件21-252.1 气象水文212.1.1 气象特征212.1.2 水文特征212.2 地形地貌21-222.3 地层岩性22-232.4 地质构造232.5 地震及区域稳定性23-242.6 水文地质24-25第三章 隧道塌方特征及类型25-403.1 塌方实例分析25-303.1.1 狮子寨隧道右线K43+154k43+260 塌方25-263.1.2 狮子寨隧道进口右线K42+610 塌方26-273.1.3 金竹山隧道出口右洞K64+434、K64+427 塌方27-283.1.4 金竹山隧道右洞K64+664 塌方28-293.1.5 刘家湾隧道左线出口塌方29-303.1.6 石马河隧道右洞出口K32+857840 段塌方303.2 塌方影响因素分析30-343.2.1 隧道工程地质条件30-323.2.2 隧道工程结构条件32-333.2.3 隧道工程施工条件33-343.3 隧道塌方类型34-383.3.1 按控制因素34-363.3.2 按诱发因素36-373.3.3 按塌方形态因素373.3.4 按机理因素37-383.4 本章小结38-40第四章 隧道塌方机制分析40-634.1 围岩破坏的机理分析40-414.2 隧道开挖后应力分析41-444.3 隧道塌方机制分析44-614.3.1 剪切-滑落型44-534.3.2 张裂-塌落型53-544.3.3 塑流-挤出型54-574.3.4 流动-塌落型57-614.3.5 振动-塌落型614.4 本章小结61-63第五章 隧道防塌方的支护研究63-895.1 围岩-支护共同作用原理63-655.2 各类支护措施效果的数值模拟分析65-795.2.1 Flac 基本原理65-675.2.2 计算模型67-695.2.3 无支护计算结果695.2.4 喷混凝土支护计算结果69-715.2.5 锚杆及喷混凝土支护计算结果71-755.2.6 钢拱架及喷混凝土支护计算结果75-775.2.7 超前管棚支护计算结果77-795.3 隧道典型塌方案例的支护模拟79-875.3.1 工程背景79-805.3.2 计算模型80-825.3.3 计算结果分析82-865.3.4 处治措施分析86-875.4 本章小节87-89第六章 隧道塌方处治技术研究89-1016.1 断层破碎带塌方的处治89-906.1.1 断层及其影响896.1.2 处治方案89-906.2 瓦斯隧道塌方的处治90-936.2.1 瓦斯产生的形式及瓦斯隧道塌方特征90-916.2.2 处治方案91-936.3 涌水塌方的处治93-956.3.1 涌水塌方的特征936.3.2 处治方案93-956.4 浅埋隧道偏压塌方的处治95-976.4.1 偏压塌方的特征95-966.4.2 处治方案96-976.5 不同规模塌方的处治97-1006.5.1 小塌方处治方案97-986.5.2 中塌方处治方案986.5.3 大塌方处治方案98-1006.6 本章小结100-101第七章 隧道预防塌方的信息化施工101-1107.1 信息化施工概念1017.2 监控量测及分析101-10