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Copyrightlaw summary CopyrightlawintheU S isgovernedbyfederalstatute namelytheCopyrightActof1976 TheCopyrightActpreventstheunauthorizedcopyingofaworkofauthorship However onlythecopyingoftheworkisprohibited anyonemaycopytheideascontainedwithinawork Forexample acopyrightcouldcoverawrittendescriptionofamachine buttheactualmachineitselfisnotcovered Thus noonecouldcopythewrittendescription whileanyonecouldusethedescriptiontobuildthedescribedmachine CopyrightscanberegisteredintheCopyrightOfficeintheLibraryofCongress butnewlycreatedworksdonotneedtoberegistered Infact itisnolongernecessarytoevenplaceacopyrightnoticeonaworkforittobeprotectedbycopyrightlaw However theCopyrightActdoesprovideadditionalbenefitstothosewhoregisterwiththeCopyrightOffice Consequently copyrightregistrationandtheuseofacopyrightnoticeisrecommended Copyrightlaw RightsGrantedUnderCopyrightLaw 1 therighttoreproduce复制ThereproductionrightisperhapsthemostimportantrightgrantedbytheCopyrightAct Underthisright nooneotherthanthecopyrightownermaymakeanyreproductionsorcopiesofthework Examplesofunauthorizedactswhichareprohibited 禁止 underthisrightincludephotocopyingabook copyingacomputersoftwareprogram usingacartooncharacteronat shirt andincorporating 合并 aportionofanother ssongintoanewsong 2 therighttopreparederivative 派生的 worksTherighttomakeaderivativeworkoverlapssomewhatwiththereproductionright AccordingtotheCopyrightAct aderivativeworkisaworkbasedupononeormorepreexistingworks suchasatranslation musicalarrangement dramatization motionpictureversion soundrecording artreproduction abridgment 文摘 oranyotherforminwhichaworkmayberecast transformed oradapted 3 therighttodiscribecopiesoftheworktopublicThedistributionrightgrantstothecopyrightholdertheexclusive 独有的 righttomakeaworkavailabletothepublicbysale rental 租赁 lease orlending Thisrightallowsthecopyrightholdertopreventthedistributionofunauthorizedcopiesofawork Inaddition therightallowsthecopyrightholdertocontrolthefirstdistributionofaparticularauthorizedcopy 4 therighttoperformthecopyrightedworkpubliclyThepublicperformancerightallowsthecopyrightholdertocontrolthepublicperformanceofcertaincopyrightedworks Thescopeoftheperformancerightislimitedtothefollowingtypesofworks literaryworks musicalworks dramaticworks Choreographic 舞台舞蹈的 works pantomimes 哑剧 motionpictures andaudiovisualworks 5 therighttodisplaythecopyrightedworkpubliclyThepublicdisplayrightissimilartothepublicperformanceright exceptthatthisrightcontrolsthepublic display ofawork Thisrightislimitedtothefollowingtypesofworks literaryworks musicalworks dramaticworks choreographicworks pantomimes pictorialworks graphicalworks sculpturalworks andstills individualimages frommotionpicturesandotheraudiovisualworks CopyrightOwnership Oneofthemostimportantconcernsincopyrightlawisthedeterminationofcopyrightownership Thegeneralruleisthatthecreatoroftheworkistheownerofallcopyrightinterestsinthework However wheretwoormorepartiescreateaworktogether copyrightownershipbecomesamoredifficultissue Inaddition copyrightownershipismoredifficulttodeterminewhenthecreatorofaworkisbeingpaidbyathird partytocreatethework 1 JointAuthorship Whenseveralpeopleworktogethertocreateasinglework ajointworkmaybecreatedundertheCopyrightAct AjointworkisdefinedbytheCopyrightActas aworkpreparedbytwoormoreauthorswiththeintentionthattheircontributionsbemergedintoinseparableorinterdependentpartsofaunitarywhole 2 WorksMadeforHire TheStandard Inaworkmadeforhiresituation the author oftheworkisnolongertheindividualwhocreatedthework Instead the author isconsideredtobetheentitywhichhiredtheactualcreatorsofthework suchasacorporationforwhomtheauthorworksasanemployee Termination 终结 ofTransfers Althoughacopyrightownerisfreetotransferhercopyrightrightsassheseesfit theCopyrightActcontainsanon revocable 可撤销 rightforacopyrightownertoterminateanycopyrighttransfer Thepurposeforthisistogivethecreatoroftheworkorthecreator sheirs 继承者 asecondchancetoexploittheworkinsituationswherethevalueoftheworkmayhavebeensignificantlyenhancedsincetheoriginaltransfer Generally thereisafiveyearwindowoftimetoaccom
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