科技英语综合复习资料.doc

科技英语综合复习资料Part I Vocabulary and Structure（词汇与结构）1. As parts of the world become _, millions of people will try to migrate to more _ areas. A. hospitable uninhabitable B. uninhabitable hospitable C. habitable inhospitable D. inhospitable uninhabitable2. A(n) _ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running in an election or applying for a job. A. astronomerB. scientist C. candidateD. researcher3. There are scientific satellites in _ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliable worldwide coverage.A. markB. orbit C. storeD. line4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses _ the areas in greater depth.A. classifyB. investigate C. clearD. examine5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite _ now. A. favorableB. criticalC. profitableD. stable6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even if their total amount of sleep has been _.A. efficientB. sufficientC. deficientD. proficient7. Linda didnt like the work because it lacked _; she was doing the same thing all the time.A. anxietyB. priorityC. varietyD. society8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely _ herself. A. rescuedB. heldC. restrainedD. curbed9. After he was attacked, he managed to _ to the phone and call for help.A. poundB. comeC. turnD. stagger10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would _ the local ecosystem.A. breakB. balanceC. contaminateD. contain11. Moving to a new school can _ a childs education, especially between the ages of eleven and sixteen.A. upset B. balanceC. disrupt D. disorder12. Chinas news media is following world trend by marketization and _into enterprises.A. conversionB. translationC. transplantingD. transforming13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which _ a demonstration in a northern Iraqi city.A. transportedB. targetedC. yieldedD. aimed14. The general secretarys decision to invest was a _ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.A. firmB. privateC. costlyD. incentive15. I feel nervous about the _ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain.A. outcomeB. outlookC. outputD. outline16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to _.A. affect B. effectC. infect D. perfect17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social _ is never considered.A. inspectB. prospectC. aspectD. respect18. Ones appearance does not always _ with his quality, so dont judge people by looks.A. compareB. coincideC. collideD. content19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable _ so as to increase our productivity and relieve our exhaustion. A. paceB. atmosphereC. rhymeD. hemisphere20. The new _ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lot of attention. A. visionB. versionC. variationD. verification21. The news slowly _ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried about the uncertainty of the future.A. melted B. frozeC. filtered D. flowed22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didnt place them _.A. in register B. to documentC. in between D. on record23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but _ it will still be quite substantial. A. in no case B. in any caseC. in case of D. in case24. Sometimes you can _ valuable antiques by chance for example when youre clearing out an old building. A. come by B. come inC. come out D. come down25. Obviously you came here intending to _ the United States and you will need a work visa. A. rest with B. resort toC. render into D. reside in26. You will find how to help your child to develop good habits and how to _ with the bad ones that can cause so much embarrassment and distress. A. deal B. agree C. calculateD. endeavor27. Weve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large _. A. quantityB. scale C. qualityD. proportion28. It is a universal _ that man is different from all the other animals because man can communicate with each other by means of language. A. admissionB. permissionC. acknowledgmentD. advancement29. Due to the limited seating _ of the hall, merely about 700 journalists were present for the press conference.A. capacityB. capabilityC. possibilityD. probability30. When he applied for a _ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager.A. position B. locationC. professionD. career31. The islands population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual _ until only 40 people were left.A. declinationB. inclineC. inclinationD. decline32. For such a tiny woman she had a(n)_ courage to fight against two thieves.A. incredibleB. resistantC. stapleD. massive33. One cause of the current food crisis is _ and food prices are high in part because of the dry weather in these places.A. floodB. coughC. roughD. drought34. Coal can be _ into gas with the help of the modern technology.A. yieldB. convertedC. overcameD. reverted35. Many Internet users are worried about their privacy being _ and their secrets being revealed by online hackers. A. invadedB. intakenC. inventedD. investigated36. The new _ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choices that students need to master. A. alteredB. convertedC. modifiedD. revised37. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its _. A. habitats B. inhabitantsC. habits D. inherits38. Enough lava had _ from the volcano to bury the entire village.A. disrupted B. splashedC. erupted D. spilt39. You are legally _ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.A. devoted B. entitledC. accessed D. contributed40. Time and time again, women seem to _ on promotion and career opportunities. A. fall out B. lose outC. wipe out D. put out41. _ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A. Someone B. AnyoneC. No one D. Everyone42. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert _ it means standing in a queue all night.A. as if B. providedC. even ifD. whatever43. Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders _ will happen to her private life.A. how B. who C. what D. that44. If the whole program _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A. was not planned B. were not plannedC. would not be planned D. had not been planned45. More and more families have moved elsewhere because they cannot _ the noise from the neighboring airport.A. come up with B. put up with C. catch up with D. keep up with46. Her sun-tanned face suggested that she _ in excellent health. A. be B. is C. was D. were47. Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they _ better health. A. could have enjoyedB. had enjoyedC. have been enjoying D. are enjoying48. This magazine is very _ with young people, who like its content and style. A. familiar B. popular C. similar D. Particular49. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having been bitten D. To be bitten50. The morning paper _a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C.A. carriedB. extended C. broughtD. TookPart II Identification（判断正误） 1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang.2. As a graduate from high school, Tom is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army.3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job.4. I invited Joe and Linda as well as Tom to dinner, but none ofthem came.5.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting though you dontmind taking the night train.6. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after theheavy snow？7. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.8.Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high thanlived with their knees bent.9. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules.You need to practice what you have learned.10. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.11. Equipped with modem facilities, todays hospitals are quite different from that of the past.12. We solved the problem by using a computer rather than doing it all by hand.13. Over the past 20 years , the internet has helped change our world in either way or anotherfor the better.14. How and why this language has survived for more than a thousand years, while spoken by very few, was hard to explain.15. Nearly half of Americans aged 25 take part in some form of continued education.Part III Word-filling (单词填空)1. Georgia said it would take a_（咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.2. In most western countries, upon reaching an a_（适当的）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest”.3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed to a _(废除) this kind of cruel punishment as it is against morality. 4. But party spokesman, and then the new government, said that for children aged under 11 support would c_（终止）at the end of primary education, while for those already in secondary education, assistance would continue until the end of schooling. 5. The current trade d_（赤字）indicates a serious imbalance between our import and export trade.6. Have you considered being s_（赞助）during your time at university? You should, because many students have found it a great help not only during their time as an undergraduate but also in securing employment after graduating. 7. The increasing _(employ) caused social unrest, therefore the government must take prompt and effective measures to resolve it.8. It took the authorities a long time to make _(identify) of the accident victims. 9. I want our youngsters to follow their own skills and _(ambitious), and not to be confined by artificial barriers and outdated social conventions.10. Supplies may_(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but youll always find a wide selection. 11. The _ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.12. The inflation rate cannot be properly _(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.13. He is very aggressive, totally _(dominant) everyone he works with.14. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u_(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.15. He condemned the w_(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.Part IV Sentence translation（句子翻译）A. E-C Translation（英汉翻译） 1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful and you dont have to be an Olympian to benefit.2. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past.3. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.4. There has been some concern that the larger denomination notes a 500 note is worth approximately 315 at the current exchange rate will be rich pickings for counterfeiters, especially in the early days as people get used to the new currency.5. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities.6. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?7. But genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation.8. If you are successful, you wont have to go ask for a raise or accept what youre given or worry about being turned out when a younger version of yourself comes along.9. Planning involves setting the firms objectives over a period of time and deciding on methods to achieve these objectives.10. He was satisfied with his new car, and drove to work in it the very next day.11. You and your team can discover the answers to problems together.12. Students can study by themselves through school network.13. There is something urgent for you to do right now.14. They have been working together for three months and have come to know each other better.15. Because there was heavy traffic, we were ten minutes late.16. Were running behind schedule by about 15 minutes.17. Once all the information is completed, you sign here.18. Fires may do more damage than the earthquakes.19. Twelve people take part in the experiment, four working as a group.20. Red and green light, if mixed in the right proportion, will give us yellow.B. C-E Translation（汉英翻译）1. 请允许我向你的成功表示祝贺。(congratulate on)2. 不管怎样，在我们对人类对环境的影响做出科学的评估之前，仍有很长的一段路要走。(in any case).3. 他虽然学识渊博，但对这种生物科技引起的情况他也不知道如何应付。(for all )4. 管理者的层次越低，越有可能花时间去执行非管理性任务。(the more, the more)5. 山起着稳定地球外壳的作用。（play a role in）6. 他日益发现一份奔波于全球的职业同传统的家庭生活很难兼具。(combine with)7. 借助清晰的图表，可以看出需求的增长如何影响利润。(by means of)8. 那位新的候选人决定参加竞选时，竞争对手们的竞选活动均已达到高潮。(in full swing )9. 中国是一个富产宝贵的自然资源-原油的国家。(be rich in)10. 由于2008年的奥运会，北京发生了重大变化。(due to)11. 我们必须努力学习，否则就无法通过考试。(otherwise)12. 在英语学习中，我们最需要的就是练习。(what)13. 电是一种非常重要的能源，没有它，现代化工业就不能发展。(suchthat)14. 有了他的帮助，我们就没有其他什么可担心的了。(worry about)15. 一定记住到那里就给家里写信。（as soon as）Part V Reading Comprehension(阅读理解)Passage 1Geology is a natural science. With it men can discover all kinds of useful minerals. Geology studies the earth. But of the three spheres, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, it only directly studies the lithosphere. It studies the composition and distribution of material in the earths crust. It studies also the formation, changes and development of rocks and minerals in the earths crust. Geology is a very complex science. There are many branches in geology. Mineralogy is the science of the minerals. Petrology is the science of the rocks. Geomorphology deals with origin of landscapes and changes in them. Historical geology traces the evolution and development of the earth and of the animals and plants on it. Stratigraphy studies the sequence of the rocks in the earths crust. Paleontology deals with the ancient animals and plants. These are just a few of the most important branches of geology.Geology is a very important science. We depend upon geology for the discovery of mineral deposits needed by the various industries. A lot of minerals are used as fuel and raw materials. Without them industrialization is impossible. Minerals are also used as fertilizers in agriculture. China is very rich in mineral deposits of all kinds. The study of geology will help us to discover them.Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas, liquid, semisolid, or solid, or in more than one of these states at a single place. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities. Liquid petroleum, which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil, is the most important commercially. It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons, with varying amounts of dissolved gases, bitumens, and impurities.Petroleum gas, commonly called natural gas to distinguish it from manufactured gas, consists of the lighter paraffin hydrocarbons, of which the most abundant is methane gas (CH4). The semisolid and solid forms of petroleum consist of the heavy hydrocarbons and bitumens.Geology plays an important role in the search for oil and natural gas. Four prerequisites are necessary for oil (and gas) to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area: (1) The oil originates in a source bed, and a marine shale, once a black mud rich in organic compounds, is thought to be a common source rock. (2) The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock, and to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and horizontally. Oil cannot move through the tiny openings of the shale source beds rapidly enough to be extracted profitably. (3) A nonpermeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed. Since oil is lighter than water, it tends to move upward through openings and cracks until it encounters impervious beds that it cannot penetrate. The oil may then accumulate beneath the impervious layers. Some gas occurs in solution within the oil, and if enough is present it separates out to occupy the uppermost region of such a trap. (4) A favorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil and anticlines, salt plugs, and faults are common examples. A fault zone may itself be impervious, or faulting may have shifted an impervious bed so that it now blocks a reservoir bed. S