环境管理法.doc

The Law Regarding Environmental Management环境管理法CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS第一章 总则Article 1第一条In this Law what is meant by:下列词语在此法中的含义为：The environment is the spatial unity of all materials, forces, situations, and living creatures, including humans and their behavior, which influences the continuance of the life and welfare of humans and other living creatures;环境是指所有物质、力量、条件及生物，包括人类及他们的行为的空间的统一体，影响着人类及其他生物的生命的存续和安宁。Environmental management is an integrated effort to preserve environmental functions which covers planning policy, exploitation, development, maintenance, reparation, supervision and control of the environment;环境管理是一项维护涵盖环境的规划政策、开发、发展、维护、恢复、监督及管理功能的综合努力。Environmentally sustainable development is a conscious and planned effort, which integrates the environment, including resources, into the development process to ensure capability, welfare, and quality of life of present and future generations;环境的可持续发展是一种有意识的、有计划的努力，将包括资源在内的环境纳入到发展进程从而确保当代及子孙后代的生活能力、福利和质量。An ecosystem is on ordering of an element of the environment which constitutes a whole and complete unit which interacts to produce environmental balance, stability, and productivity;一个生态系统是环境的一个要素，是一个影响环境平衡、稳定及生产力的整体单位。Preservation of environmental functions is a set of efforts to maintain the continued supportive and carrying capacities of the environment; 环境功能的维护指的是维护环境的持续的承载能力。Environmental supportive capacity is the capacity of the environment tosupport humans and other living creatures;环境的支撑能力是指支撑人类及其他生物生存的环境能力。Preservation of environmental support capacity is a set of efforts to protect environmental viability against pressures for change and/or negative impacts that arise because of an activity, so that it can continue to support the life of humans and other living creatures;维护环境的支撑能力是一种保护环境的生存能力防止活动引起变化和或负面影响的一系列努力，以便它能继续维持人类及其他生物的生命。Environmental carrying capacity is the capability of the environment to absorb substances, energy, and/or other components that enter or are discharged into it;环境承载能力是吸收物质、能量和或其他进入或被排入到其中的要素。Preservation of environmental carrying capacity is a set of efforts to protect the capability of the environment to absorb substances, energy, and/or other components which are discharged into it;维护环境的承载能力是维护环境吸收物质、能力和或其他排入到其中的元素能力的一系列努力。Resources are environmental elements that consist of human resources, natural resources, biological as well as non-biological, and artificial resources;资源是涵盖了人力资源、自然资源、生物资源和非生物资源，及人造资源的环境要素。Environmental quality standards are the threshold limits or levels of living creatures, substances, energy, or components that exists or must exist and/or pollutanting elements the existence of which in a certain resource as an element of the environment is set at a certain level;环境质量标准是生物、物质、能量、存在或必须存在的要素、和或污染元素的临界值或水平，其中作为环境要素的某种资源是在一定的水平存在的。Environmental pollution is the entry or the entering into of living creatures, substances, energy, and/or other components into the environment by human activities with the result that its quality decreases to a certain level which causes the environment not to be able to function in accordance with its allocation;环境污染是生物、物质、能量、和或其它由于人类活动排入到环境中的元素，从而使环境质量降低到一定水平，导致环境不能按照配置发挥功能。Standard environmental damage criteria are threshold limits of physical and/or biological changes in the environment which can be measured; Environmental damage is an action which gives rise to direct or indirect changes in the physical and/or biological characteristics of the environment which causes the environment to no longer be able to function to support sustainable development;环境损害标准是可衡量环境物理学和或生物学变化的范围；环境损害是一种能直接或间接的引起物理学和或生物学特性变化的活动，导致环境不再具有可持续发展功能。Conservation of natural resources is the management of non-renewable natural resources to ensure their prudent utilization, and renewable resources to ensure their continued availability through maintaining and improving quality levels and diversity;自然资源保护是对不可再生资源的管理从而保证对它们的审慎利用；是对可再生资源的管理，通过维持及提高质量水平和多元性确保可再生资源的持续可用性。Waste is the residue of a business and/or activity;废物是商业和或活动的残留。Hazardous and toxic material is every matter which due to its nature or concentration, both directly and indirectly, can pollute and/or damage the environment, health, the continuation of human life and of other living creatures;危险和有毒物质是由于性质或浓度，能直接和间接污染和或破坏环境、健康、人类及其它生物生命的可持续性的任何物质。Hazardous and toxic waste is the residue of a business and/or activity that contains hazardous and/or toxic material which due to its nature and/or concentration and/or amount, directly as well as indirectly, can pollute and/or damage the environment, and/or endanger the environment, health, the continuation of human life and of other living creatures;危险和有毒废物是商业和或活动的残渣，包括由于性质和或浓度和或数量，能直接和间接地污染和或破坏环境、健康、人类及其它生物生命的可持续性的危险和或有毒物质。An environmental dispute is a disagreement between two or more parties which is arises as a result of the existence of or suspected existence of environmental pollution and/or damage;环境纠纷是是一种发生在两个或多个主体之间的争论，是由于产生或怀疑产生环境污染和或损害的结果而产生的。Environmental impact is the influence for change on the environment which is caused by a business and/or an activity;环境影响是由于商业和或活动对环境产生的影响。Environmental impact analysis is a study of large and significant impacts of a planned business and/or activity which is needed in the decision making process regarding business and/or activity implementation;环境影响分析是对有计划的商业和或活动的重大影响的研究，是在事关商业和或活动执行的决策过程中所需的。An environmental organization is a group of persons formed of their own volition and desire in the midst of the community, with its objectives and activities in the environmental field;环境组织是由社会中出于自己的意志和愿望组成的一个群体，在环境领域有其自己的目标和活动。An environmental audit is an evaluation process performed by those responsible for a business and/or activity to assess the level of compliance with applicable legal conditions and/or policy and standard set by the party responsible for the business and/or activity concerned;环境审计是由负责商业和或活动的职能部门对法律适用条件和或政策和由负责商业和或活动的相关部门制定的标准的的遵守程度进行评估的过程。A person is an individual person, and/or a group of people, and/or legal body;人指的是单个的人，和或一群人，和或法人。Minister is the Minister who has been given the task of managing the environment.部长指的是被赋予环境管理职责的部长。Article 2第二条 The scope of the Indonesian environment covers space, the location of the United Indonesian State with an Archipelagic Outlook in performing its sovereignty, sovereign rights, and jurisdiction.印度尼西亚环境的范围包括空间及其履行主权、主权权利及管辖权的多群岛国家的地理位置。CHAPTER II BASIS, OBJECTIVE, AND TARGET第二章 依据、目的及目标Article 3第三条Environmental management which is performed with a principle of national responsibility, a principle of sustainability, and a principle of exploitation, aims to create environmentally sustainable development in the framework of the holistic development of the Indonesian human and the development of an Indonesian community in its entirety which is faithful and devoted to God the Almighty.环境管理的原则是国家责任、持续性原则、开发原则，目标是在印度尼西亚人民及印度尼西亚国家整体发展的框架下创造环境的可持续发展。从总体上看，是忠实和忠诚于万能的上帝的。Article 4第四条The targets of environmental management are: achievement of harmony and balance between humans and the environment; formation of the Indonesian person as an environmental being disposed toward and acting to protect and foster the environment; guaranteeing the interests of present generations and future generations; achievement of preservation of environmental functions; prudent control of the exploitation of resources; protection of the Unitary Indonesia Republic against impacts of business and/or activity outside the national region which causes environmental pollution and/or damage.环境管理的目标是：实现人类与环境的和谐与平衡；由印度尼西亚人组成保护和促进环境发展的组织；保证当代及子孙后代的利益；完成环境保护功能；审慎控制开采资源；保护印度尼西亚共和国免受国外商业和或活动对环境造成的污染和或损害。CHAPTER III COMMUNITY RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS AND ROLE第三章 社区的权利、义务和作用Article 5第五条1. Every person has the same right to an environment which is good andhealthy.1. 每个人享有良好的和健康的环境权利。2. Every person has the right to environmental information which is related to environmental management roles.2. 每个人有权享有与环境管理作用相关的环境信息。3. Every person has the right to play a role in the scheme of environmental management in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.3. 依据法律法规，每个人有权参与环境管理体制的制定。Article 6第六条1. Every person is obliged to preserve the continuity of environmental functions and protect and combat environmental pollution and damage.1. 每个人有义务维护环境功能的持续性及与环境污染和破坏行为作斗争。2. Every person who carrying out a business or other activity must provide true and accurate information regarding environmental management.2. 经商或参与其他活动的人必须提供与环境管理相关的真实而准确的信息。Article 7第七条1. The community has the same and the broadest possible opportunity to play a role in environmental management.1. 社区在环境管理方面享有同样的和最广泛的机会。2. Implementation of the stipulation in (1) above, is carried out by: increasing independence, community empowerment, and partnership；giving growth to community capability and initiative; increasing community responsiveness in carrying out social supervision; providing suggestions; conveying information and/or conveying reports.2. 上面（1）项规定的执行受如下方面的影响：越来越多的独立性、社区授权、合作关系；提高社区的能力及首创精神；在执行社会监督方面增加社区的责任感；提出建议；传达信息和或传达报告。CHAPTER IV ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY第四章 环境管理机构Article 8第八条1. Natural resources are controlled by the state and are utilized for the greatest possible public welfare, and the arrangements thereof are determined by the Government.1. 自然资源由国家管控并最大可能的用于公共福利，因此，自然资源的使用由政府做出安排。2. To implement the stipulation provided for in (1) above the Government: regulates and develops policy in the scheme of environmental management; regulates the supply, allocation, use, and management of the environment, and the reuse of natural resources, including genetic resources; regulates legal actions and legal relations between persons and/or other legal subjects as well as legal actions regarding natural resources and artificial resources, including genetic resources; controls activities which have social impact; develops a funding system for efforts to preserve environmental functions.2. 政府执行上面（1）项的规定：在环境管理的体制内规范和发展政策；对环境的供给、分配、适用、管理，自然资源包括基因资源的重复使用做出规定；对于法律诉讼、人与和或其他法律主体之间的法律关系、与自然资源、人造资源包括基因资源相关的法律诉讼做出规定；控制有社会影响的活动；发展基金体系为维护环境功能而努力。3. The stipulations provided for in (2) above are further regulated by Government Regulation.3. 上面（2）项将以政府规章的形式做出规定。Article 9第九条1. The Government determines national policies on environmental management and spatial management whilst always taking into account religious values, culture and traditions and the living norms of the community.1. 政府决定环境管理及空间管理方面的国家政策，同时考虑宗教价值观、文化、传统及社区的生活规范；2. Environmental management is performed in an integrated manner by government institutions in accordance with their respective fields of tasks and responsibilities, the public, and other agents of development while taking into account the integratedness of planning and implementation of the environmental management policy.2. 环境管理由政府机构在综合相关领域的任务和职责、公众及其他的代理人基础上进行，同时考虑环境管理政策规划及执行的完整性。3. Environmental management must be performed in an integrated manner with spatial management, protection of non-biological natural resources, protection of artificial resources, conservation of biological natural resources and their ecosystems, cultural preservation, bio-diversity and climate change.3. 环境管理必须在综合空间管理、非生物自然资源保护、人造资源 、生物自然资源保护及生态系统、文化保护、生物多样性及环境变化基础上统一进行。4. The integratedness of planning and implementation of national environmental management policy, as provided for in (2) above, is coordinated by the Minister.4. 上面（2）项提及的国家环境管理政策规划及执行的完整性由部长调控。Article 10第十条In the scheme of environmental management the Government must:在环境管理的计划内，政府必须：form, give growth to, develop and increase awareness and responsibility of decision makers environmental management; 形成、产生、发展和增加环境管理决策者的意识和责任；form, give growth to, develop and increase awareness of community rights and responsibilities in environmental management; 形成、产生、发展和增加社区在环境管理方面的权利和义务；form, give growth to, develop and increase partnership between the community, business and the Government in the effort to preserve environmental supportive capacity and carrying capacity; 形成、产生、发展和加强社区、商业和政府间的伙伴关系，致力于维护环境的支撑能力和承载能力；develop and apply environmental management policy which ensures the maintaining of environmental supportive and carrying capacity; 制定和实施环境管理政策从而保证维护环境的支撑能力及承载能力；develop and apply instruments of a pre-emptive, preventive and proactive nature in the effort to prevent decreases in environmental supportive and carrying capacity; 开发和运用优先购买的、具有预防性及前瞻性的设备，致力于防止环境支撑能力及承载能力的下降；exploit and develop environmentally sound technology; 开发和利用合乎环境要求的工艺；carry out research and development in the environmental field; 开展环境领域的研究与开发；provide environmental information and disseminate it to the community; 提供环境信息并宣传到社区；give awards to meritorious people or foundations in the environmental field.给予在环境领域有功绩的人奖励。Article 11第十一条1. Environmental management at the national level is implemented integratedly by an institutional instrument which is coordinated by the Minister.1. 国家级的环境管理在制度上具有整合性，由部长负责协调。2. Stipulations on task, function, authority, and organizational arrangement as well as institutional working procedures as provided for in (1) above are regulated further by Presidential Decision.2. 上面（1）项关于任务、职能、职权、组织安排及工作程序由总统决定进一步规范。Article 12第十二条1. To create integratedness and harmony in the implementation of national policy regarding environmental management, the Government based on legislation can: 1. 为了创建国家环境管理政策实施的完整及和谐氛围，政府在立法的基础上可以：delegate certain environmental management authority to local Central Government offices; 将某些环境管理权力下放给地方中央政府办事处；give a role to Local Government to assist the Central Government in the implementation of environmental management in the regions.让地方政府在协助中央政府对该区的环境管理实施上发挥作用；2. Further stipulations as provided for in (1) above are regulated by laws and regulations.2. 上面（1）项将由法律法规进一步做出规范。Article 13第十三条1. In the scheme of the implementation of environmental management, the Government can transfer part of its affairs to Local Government to become part of its general affairs.1. 在实施环境管理的计划内，中央政府可以将其部分事务转移给地方政府并成为地方政府的一般性事务。2. Transferring of affairs as provided for (1) above is determined by Government Regulation.2. 上面（1）项中的事务的转移以政府规章的形式决定。CHAPTER V PRESERVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONS第五章 环境功能的维护Article 14第十四条1. To guarantee the preservation of environmental functions, every business and/or activity is prohibited from breaching quality standards and standard criteria of environmental damage.1. 为了保证环境功能的维护，每一项业务和或活动禁止违反环境损害的质量标准与标准准则。2. Stipulations on environmental quality standards, prevention of and coping with pollution and restoration of its carrying capacity are regulated by Government Regulation.2. 涉及环境质量标准、预防及应对污染、环境承载能力的恢复规定以政府规章的形式作出。3. Stipulations on standard criteria of environmental damage, prevention and coping with damage along with restoration of its supportive capacity are regulated by Government Regulation.3. 涉及环境损害标准准则、预防及应对损害、环境承载能力的恢复的规定以政府规章的形式作出。Article 15第十五条1. Every plan of a business and/or activity with the possibility that it can give rise to large and important impact on the environment, must possess an environmental impact analysis.1. 每项可能对环境造成重大影响的业务和或活动的计划必须带有环境影响分析。2. Stipulations concerning business and/or activity plans that give rises to a large and important impact on the environment, as is meant in (1) above, and the method for arrangement and evaluation of environmental impact analysis are determined by Government Regulation.2. 上面（1）项中可能对环境造成重大影响的业务和或活动的计划的规定、安排方式及环境影响分析的评估由政府规章决定。Article 16第十六条1. Every party responsible for a business and/or activity must carry out management of wastes produced by their business and/or activity.1. 每一项业务和或活动的责任方必须对由从业务和或活动产生的废物进行管理。2. The responsible party for a business and/or activity as provided for in (1)above can transfer such waste management to another party.2. 上面（1）项中提及的每一项业务和或活动的责任方可将这些废物转给另一方管理。3. Stipulations on the implementation of this article are regulated further by Government Regulation.3. 关于执行本条的规定由政府规章进一步规范。Article 17第十七条1. Every party responsible for a business and/or activity must carry out management of the hazardous and toxic materials.1. 每一项业务和或活动的责任方必须对危险和有毒物质进行管理。2. Management of hazardous and toxic materials covers: producing, transporting, distributing, storing, using and/or disposing.2. 危险及有毒物质的管理涵盖：生产、运输、分配、储存、使用和或处置。3. Stipulations concerning management of hazardous and toxic materials are regulated further by Government Regulation.3. 关于危险和有毒物质管理的规定由政府规章进一步规范。CHAPTER VI ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS第六章 环保要求Part I Licensing第一部分 许可Article 18第十八条1. Every business and/or activity which gives rise to a large and important impact on the environment must possess an environmental impact analysis to obtain the license to conduct a business and/or activity.1. 对环境造成重大影响的每一项业务和或活动必须具有环境影响分析以获取进行业务和或活动的许可。2. The license to conduct a business and/or activity as provided for in (1) above is conferred by the official who has authority in accordance with laws and regulations.2. 上面（1）中提及的进行业务和或活动的许可由有权机构根据法律法规授予。3. In the license provided for in (1) above is included conditions and obligations to carry out environmental impact control efforts.3. 上面（1）中提及的许可涵盖进行环境影响控制工作的条件和义务。Article 19第十九条1. In issuing a license to carry out a business and/or activity it is compulsory to take into account: 1. 在发放进行业务和或活动的许可证时，必须考虑如下事项：spatial management plans; 空间管理计划；public opinion; 公众舆论；considerations and recommend