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400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale PA 15096 0001 U S A Tel 724 776 4841 Fax 724 776 5760 Web www sae org SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2004 01 1086 Study on Fuel Economy and NOx Emissions of Medium Duty Hybrid Truck in Real Traffic Conditions Yutaka Takada Shigeru Ueki and Akira Saito Organization for the promotion of low emission vehicles LEVO Reprinted From General Emissions 2004 SP 1863 2004 SAE World Congress Detroit Michigan March 8 11 2004 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of SAE For permission and licensing requests contact SAE Permissions 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale PA 15096 0001 USA Email permissions sae org Fax 724 772 4891 Tel 724 772 4028 For multiple print copies contact SAE Customer Service Tel 877 606 7323 inside USA and Canada Tel 724 776 4970 outside USA Fax 724 776 1615 Email CustomerService sae org ISBN 0 7680 1319 4 Copyright 2004 SAE International Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author s and not necessarily those of SAE The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper A process is available by which discussions will be printed with the paper if it is published in SAE Transactions Persons wishing to submit papers to be considered for presentation or publication by SAE should send the manuscript or a 300 word abstract of a proposed manuscript to Secretary Engineering Meetings Board SAE Printed in USA 2004 01 1086 Yutaka Takada Shigeru Ueki and Akira Saito Organization for the promotion of low emission vehicles LEVO Copyright 2004 SAE International ABSTRACT Hybrid trucks have now started to penetrate the Japanese market To investigate their advantages for fuel economy and exhaust emissions a real time on board measurement system for fuel economy and NOx emissions was mounted in a medium duty hybrid truck with a capacitor system Running tests were carried out with various payloads on roads The results demonstrated the advantages of the hybrid truck in real traffic conditions Fuel economy was improved on urban and suburban roads as compared to a base diesel vehicle The hybrid truck showed less NOx emissions during acceleration at starting whereas acceleration of diesel vehicles may cause intensive localized NOx pollution of roadsides in places like intersections In order to fully demonstrate the advantages of the tested hybrid truck it was important not to use running conditions with infrequent stops such as those on a highway or running conditions in which less brake energy recovery can take place such as those in a traffic jam where it is hard to recover brake energy even though frequent stops occur In addition further reduction of NOx might be obtained by optimizing engine operation in the diesel engine running mode of the hybrid truck INTRODUCTION Low emission vehicles have been introduced as a result of growing consciousness regarding air pollution caused by automobile exhaust emissions in big cities In this context heavy duty city buses using hybrid technology which aim at low fuel economy and low emissions have started to be practically used 1 2 3 In recent years hybrid trucks have also been developed and adopted for business vehicles 4 5 although it is desirable to reduce their cost for further popularization As hybrid vehicles improve fuel economy and exhaust emissions through recovery of brake energy their effectiveness depends on running conditions In the case of trucks as compared to city buses which run a scheduled service route there are many types of real traffic condition included within the running areas of customers Accordingly it is very important to clarify what the hybrid vehicle s effective running conditions are and the degree of improvement offered by hybrid trucks Information on these characteristics of hybrid trucks will be useful for potential customers The authors carried out running tests in real traffic and in various conditions using a medium duty hybrid truck with a capacitor system and equipped with an on board measurement system for fuel economy and NOx emissions This paper describes the effects of the hybrid truck on fuel economy and NOx emissions characteristics in real traffic while also considering the vehicle weight increase of the hybrid truck TEST CONDITIONS TEST VEHICLE OUTLINE Specifications of test vehicle A model of the hybrid truck described in this paper was put on the market in June 2002 Figure 1 shows an outline picture of the vehicle used in the study The main specifications are listed in Table 1 The test vehicle is a medium duty hybrid truck with a payload of 3 15 tons a 152kW diesel engine and a capacitor system 6 The weight of the