高考冠词考点归纳

太原京翰教育英语辅导资料高考冠词考点归纳冠词是历年高考的必考知识点,主要出现在单项选择和短文改错题中.虽说只有两类,共三个(不定冠词a, an和定冠词the),但其使用规则很复杂,一直是让考生感到很头痛的一类命题.本文就近年高考试题中的冠词考题和有关考点进行简要分析,以期帮助大家对冠词考点的理解和掌握.需要说明的是:在近年高考试题中,冠词考题很少考查某一单独考点,一般都是一题两空,涉及两个考点.纵观历年高考试题,冠词考点主要集中在以下内容:一,考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法1.Have you seen _ pen I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one I think I saw it somewhere. A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a析:答案D.此题考察不定冠词表示泛指的用法.pen和black one在这里都是泛指,意为本类中非特指的一个.本题易错选A,主要是没有认识到答话者的问求证是不是一支黑色的,并不是特指某支黑色钢笔.2.Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. A./;the B./;an C. an; an D. the; the析:答案C.此题中airplane为可数名词单数,其前用不定冠词an,表示泛指类别中的一个(是一架飞机而不是别的).experience此处经历,是可数名词,所以其前要用an,意为一次令人激动的经历.3. She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she had already made some important discoveries. A. the, the B. the, / C. a, / D. a, the析:答案C.此题考查不定冠词泛指某类别中的一员以及学科名词前不加冠词用法.是个新手要用a+单数可数名词做表语来表示类别,排除A,B.学科名称,球类,棋类名词一般不加冠词,选C.二,考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法4.Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places. A. the, the B./,/ C. the, / D./,the析:C.此题考查定冠词表示特指以及零冠词表示泛指用法.Habit后有定语修饰,说明是某种特指的习惯,要用定冠词the.此句中复数名词public places表示类别,是泛指,泛指的复数名词前不加the,故public前不加the,又如, People tend to think boys are cleverer than girls .5. The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small. A. a; a B. the; the C. a ;the D. the; a析:答案C.本题考查冠词的基本用法:不定冠词a/an表示泛指,定冠词表示特指.第一空指再一块,泛指,不定冠词与序数词搭配,表示有一,再一,另一之意;第二空含特指之意,即指he吃下去的第二块蛋糕.6.Mr.Smith,theres a man at _ front door who says he has _ news for you of great importance. A. the,/ B. the, the C./,/ D./,the析:答案A.此题是考查定冠词表示特指以及不可数名词前的冠词用法.前门是特指的,要用定冠词the;消息(news)此处表类别(说明带给你的不是别的东西),不可数名词表示类别时不用任何冠词,故news前不用任何冠词.7. In Hangzhou Mr. Green was so struck by _ beauty of _ nature that he stayed for another night. A./,/ B./,the C. the,/ D. the, the析:答案C.此题也是考查定冠词表示特指以及零冠词表示泛指用法.beauty是特指自然的美,所以其前要加定冠词the; nature自然是泛指外界的事物,是不可数名词,其前不用冠词.三,考查不定冠词和定冠词在固定搭配中的用法8.Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please. Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a析:答案A.此题考查不可数名词前冠词用法和和不定冠词固定词组用法.与某人谈一谈固定搭配为have a word with sb. information是不可数名词,泛指时前面用some和不定冠词,所以答案为A.9.Alice is found of playing _ piano while Henry is interested in listening to _ music. A./,the B./,/ C. the,/ D. the, the析:答案C.此题考查定冠词在乐器前的特殊用法.乐器前要加定冠词the; music是不可数名词,泛指类别音乐时,其前不加冠词.10. After watching _ TV, she played _ violin for an hour. A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the析: 答案D. watch TV是惯用语,再如,go to(be in)school/hospital/bed/sea等表示行为动作的一些习惯性用语,名词前不用冠词.Play the violin属于艺术,乐器方面用语,通常要加定冠词the.四,考查零冠词(即省略冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法11.Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the, a B./,a C. the, the D./,the析:答案B.此题考查零冠词表示泛指和不定冠词表示类别的用法.第一空animals在这里属于泛指,其前不用冠词;animals of a different kind此处用不定冠词a,表示某一种不同种类的动物(无特指性).12.Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Rolla visited the country in _ thirteenth century. A. the,/ B. the, the C./,the D./,/析:答案C.本题是考查不定冠词的习惯搭配和序数词前加定冠词表示特指用法.in use为惯用语,此类不用冠词的惯用语很多,如:in hospital, in nature, in size, in area, at work, at dinner等.序数词前加the;但泛指在一次,要用不定词a,如:a second time, a third time等.13.Wheres JackI think hes still in _ bed, but he might just be in _ bathroom. A. /, / B. the, the C. the,/ D./,the析:答案D.此题是考查零冠词习惯搭配以及定冠词the表示特指用法.in bed 为习惯搭配;又如:by hand, in sight等.在浴室里是双方都知道的,特指那个浴室,要用定冠词the.在如:in the classroom, under the tree等.14. His daughter is always shy in _ and she never dares to make a speech to _ . A. the public, public B. public, the public C. the public, the public D. public, public析:答案B.此题考查零冠词习惯搭配以及定冠词表示一类人用法.in public是固定词组,公开地,当众地;the public公从,众人,表示一类人.五,考查冠词在表示类别名词前的用法15.Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876. A./ B. a C. the D. one析: 答案C. 此题考查冠词表示类别的名词前的用法.可数名词表示类别有三种形式:1)用复数形式而不加冠词,侧重用多数都这样来说明类别,如:Horses are useful.2)不定冠词与单数名词连用,侧重用任意一个都这样来说明类别,如:A horse is useful.3)定冠词与单数名词连用,侧重用这种特定的,而不是比的来说明类别,如:The horse is useful.(侧重是马,而不是牛,虎或别的)本题侧重是电话,而不是电灯,电视或别的,故加the.16.The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used. A. the, the B. the, / C./,the D./,/析:答案B.句中毛衣sweater是可数名词,表示服装的种类,表种类有三种讲法,即a sweater, the sweater 和sweaters,因此可排除选项C,D.短语the sort of修饰物质名词wool, wool表示泛指,其前不加冠词.此题很多考生误选A的原因是他们认为wool有限定词used修饰,表特指.其实,这里的used修饰the sort of wool,而非修饰wool,而the wool used如修饰the sorts,不能理解为所用羊毛的种类而应理解为所用那种羊毛.六,考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法17.Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. A. a,/ B. the, the C. the, an D./,the析:答案A.此题考查抽象名词具体化时的不定冠词以及不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词的用法.Trade是不可数名词,泛指类别时不加任何冠词,排除B, C, D.knowledge原为抽象名词,如knowledge指具体一门学问或一门学问的掌握了解可与不定冠词连用,a knowledge of English英语知识.抽象名词具体化为表示某种特性,状态,行为的具体表现形式,常以a/an+ adj.+抽象名词出现.再如,a bright future光明的前途,have a good time玩得愉快,receive a warm welcome受到热烈欢迎,a great help to somebody对大有帮助,a waste of time浪费时间,make an apology道歉,等等.18.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word information. A./ B. the C. a D. one析:答案C.此题同样是考查抽象名词具体化时的不定冠词用法.此处knowledge指具体一门学问或一门学问的掌握了解可与不定冠词连用.19.Oh.John _ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise析:答案C.此题也是考查抽象名词具体化时的不定冠词用法.surprise原为抽象名词,不可数.但在此处已经完全具体化而变为可数名词.题中a pleasant surprise意为一件令人兴奋惊奇的(礼物).但抽象名词表示具有某种特性,状态,情感,情绪的人和事,这个抽象名词已经变为可数名词.七,考查冠词在比较级前的用法20.Boris has brain. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest析:答案B.此题考查不定冠词在比较级前表示泛指用法.本题是把Boris和整班每个同学IQ(智商)相比较,所以应用比较级,排除A, D. Boris有头脑,我怀疑班级是否有何人比他的智商更高,所以这里应该是泛指班里的任何一个人,不是特指,比较级前应用不定冠词a.实际上句中通过doubt whether和a higher连用.表达最高级含义,意为Boris的智商最高.21.If you dont like the red one, take the blue oneOk, but do you have _ size in blue This ones a bit tight one. A. a bit B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger析:答案B.此题考查不定冠词在比较级前表示泛指用法.答者说这件有点小,问是否有(比这一件)大一点(尺寸)的蓝外衣,并非特指要那一件,而是泛指,所以用不定冠词a, the bigger表示两者之间某个较,不合题意.22.If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _ choice. A. good B. the best C. better D. the better析:答案D.此题也是考查比较级前定冠词用法.当指(两个中)较的那个时,要在比较级前加the. John是两人之间较好的选择,所以选D.23.Which is _ country, Canada or Australia A. a longer B. larger C. a larger D. the larger析:答案D.此题考查比较级前定冠词用法.当指(两个中)较的那个时,要在比较级前加the.题中询问在Canada和Australia之间,那个是较大的国家.又如:the elder for the two gentlemen(两个贵族中年级较大的那个).注意:如果题干中没有country一词,则应选B.24.Its believed that _ you work, _ result youll get. A. the harder, the better B. the more hard, the more betterC. the harder, a better D. more hard, more better析:答案A.此题考查定冠词加比较级在特殊句型中的用法.the+比较级(主语+谓语),the+比较级(主语+谓语)表示越,越.八,考查冠词在其他特殊结构中的用法25.A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _ leg. A. a B. one C. the D. his析:答案C.此题考查定冠词在固定句型中的用法.在动词hit, beat, strike, catch, grasp, pull等动词后常用句式:vt. +sb. +介词+the+身体部位.例如:Please dont hit her in the(不用her)face.26. _ will make a trip round the world during the coming Christmas. A. The Evens B. The Evens C. The Evenses D. The Evenses析:答案C.此题考查定冠词在姓氏复数前的用法.定冠词用于姓氏复数前,表示全家人,或这一姓氏的夫妇俩.选项D则意为Evens家.27. _ food theyre looked! A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice析:答案D. food是不可数名词,前面一般无不定冠词.冠词放在what引导的感叹句中考查.复习建议:在复习中要把握冠词用法三要素泛指,特指和习惯用法.应分门别类地归纳常见的使用定冠词和不定冠词的几种情形,使用零冠词的几种情形,以及一些固定搭配中冠词的使用情况.一些特殊的例子要单独记忆.如像in hospital, by bus, have a good time, the old(表示一类人)等等.