OG12 SC句子结构.doc

OG12 SC 句子结构13. A surge in new home sales and a drop in weeklyunemployment claims suggest that the economy mightnot be as weak as some analysts previously thought. (A) claims suggest that the economy might not beas weak as some analysts previously thought(B) claims suggests that the economy might notbe so weak as some analysts have previouslythought(C) claims suggest that the economy might not beas weak as have been previously thought bysome analysts(D) claims, suggesting about the economy that itmight not be so weak as previously thought bysome analysts(A)(E) claims, suggesting the economy might not be asweak as previously thought to be by someanalysts解释：名词性从句that引导， Suggestthat，主语不是人，suggest是表明，不是建议，不用虚拟。that从句优于介词about，介词名词，难以表达丰富的信息量。D中没有谓语suggesting非谓语。动词时态： previously，originally用过去时， BC 现在完成时态，错误。被动语法，没有必要无端使用，但是慎用此法A主动C被动。18. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than arefungi, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting itto energy-rich sugars. (A) Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbonthan are fungi,(B) Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbonthan fungi,(C) Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiringcarbon,(D) Plants, more efficient than fungi at acquiringcarbon,(C)(E) Plants acquire carbon more efficiently than fungi,解释：in the form of carbon dioxide 修饰carbon， C中carbon 贴近修饰语in the form of carbon dioxide，ABE中变成了修饰fungi。D中无谓语动词，句子结构不完整。19. The Iroquois were primarily planters, but supplementingtheir cultivation of maize, squash, and beans withfishing and hunting. (A) but supplementing(B) and had supplemented(C) and even though they supplemented(D) although they supplemented(D)(E) but with supplementing解释：此题体现两种逻辑关系 ：Primarily主要， Supplementing补充。 、主从关系：是主从关系，不是并列关系，不能使用but/and。即And/ but 表示并列，不能表示出主从关系， 逻辑上Although/even though表示主从，不能和表并列and连用。在语法上，Although连词不能和连词and接连使用。 、转折关系： ING逻辑思维，表示延展，不能表示转折让步， Although表示出主从关系，而且含有转折让步含义。在关于后面分句的句子结构上，The Iroquois were primarily planters，这里面的were是系动词。而but the Iroquois were supplementing这里面的were是助动词，两个were功能不同，不可共用，即后面那个不可以省略。而且就算这么补了，时态确实也不对。另外A,E里面用了supplementing和with supplementing如果本意是想表示伴随，但是前面是主系表结构，而且supplementing和with supplementing前面各自都有连词，所以不可能做伴随状语。故，错误。C选项的even though使句子不完整，还缺一个主句。21. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years about the brainand its development from birth to adulthood, are nowdrawing solid conclusions about how the human braingrows and how babies acquire language. (A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood, are(B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge about the brain and its developmentfrom birth to adulthood over the past twentyyears, and are(C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledgeabout the brain and its development from birthto adulthood over the past twenty years, and are(D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood,(A)(E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the pasttwenty years, a wealth of knowledge about thebrain and its development from birth toadulthood,解释：谓语有且只有一个，BC 中，and 连词前面没有谓语动词，句子结构不对。23. In a previous design, the weight of the discus used intrack competition is concentrated in a metal center,but now it is lined with lead around the perimeter,thereby improving stability in flight and resulting inlonger throws. (A) In a previous design, the weight of the discusused in track competition is concentrated in ametal center, but now it is(B) According to a previous design, the weight ofthe discus used in track competition wasconcentrated in a metal center, but now it is(C) Once designed with its weight concentratedin a metal center, the discus used in trackcompetition is now(D) The discus used in track competition, oncedesigned with its weight concentrated in a metalcenter, but now(C)(E) The discus used in track competition was oncedesigned having its weight concentrated in ametal center and now解释：DE中缺少谓语动词，句子结构不完整。35. Along with the drop in producer prices announcedyesterday, the strong retail sales figures releasedtoday seem like it is indicative that the economy,although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession. (A) like it is indicative that(B) as if to indicate(C) to indicate that(D) indicative of(C)(E) like an indication of解释：As if 连接词，连接方式状语从句，好像，不接To do。同根动词优先： indicate 优于indicative，优于indication。that优于of: 从句优于介词，表达丰富意思. 技巧：看到后面很长，用that从句。在此句中，seem应该接不定式。句中涉及到seem一词，其用法很多，它的后面可以接形容词、介词短语、as if从句、that 从句，还可以接名词、不定式、过去分词、等。seem是连系动词，意思是好像、似乎、看来好像、觉得似乎。seem表示说话人主观的判断或表示主语可能的情况。【注意】在It seems/seemed as if.句型中，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气来表示所设想的事情不可能发生。例如：It seems as if she had read this novel.看来她好像看过这本小说。但如果句中的情况可能发生或可能被设想为真实，则仍然用陈述语气。例如：It seems as if our team is going to win.看来我们队要胜了。39. In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage toQueen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn. (A) so as to marry(B) and so could be married to(C) to be married to(D) so that he could marry(D)(E) in order that he would marry解释：to do或者in order to这样的结构，是需要逻辑主语的。如果变成in order to，尽管我们会想这个词的逻辑主语应该是Henry，但是这是需要我们做一步推测的，就是需要去判断、或者说决定、去思考一下。而像D，so that he could marry这里就明确的把he点出来了，很明确。所以在这点上，so that更占优。so as to 有as存在，使得其具有连词词性，把前后彻底的隔开。他想表达的目的不一定是谓语动词的目的。这里可以是sought的目的，也可以是have xx annulled的。分别表示寻求离婚的目的是结婚，和离婚目的是结婚to do目的状语表示谓语动词的目的。so as to 若想无歧义，前面要只有一个发出者发出一个动作。不过这时候也没to do简洁。句子要表达的是目的，而B改为并列，改变了句子重心。be married to 表示状态，get married to 表示动作，c答案是表示动作所以be married to 不对。除了这点，C里面前面是动作，to be married却表达一个状态，中间必须要有连接词。同样的C里面确实存在跟A一样的逻辑主语问题。43. Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britainbut only four million in population, where many aremembers of hill tribes ensconced in the virtuallyinaccessible mountain valleys of the north. (A) about the same as Great Britain but only fourmillion in population, where many(B) of about the same size as Great Britain is, but inLaos there is a population of only four million,and many(C) that is about the same size as Great Britainsland area, but in Laos with a population of onlyfour million people, many of them(D) comparable to the size of Great Britain, but onlyfour million in population, and many(E)(E) comparable to that of Great Britain but apopulation of only four million people, many ofwhom解释：指代人用whom，不能用where。C选项的But后面接介词不对，应该接句子，many of them前面也少了连词，而且them没有指代对象。45. Quasars, at billions of light-years from Earth the mostdistant observable objects in the universe, believed tobe the cores of galaxies in an early stage ofdevelopment. (A) believed to be(B) are believed to be(C) some believe them to be(D) some believe they are(B)(E) it is believed that they are解释：有且只有一个谓语， 要先找到谓语，只有B47. Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in westernScotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number ofwild birds successfully raised since transplants fromNorway began in 1975. (A) bringing(B) and brings(C) and it brings(D) and it brought(A)(E) and brought解释：表示前面一段话对后面的影响用ING或同位语，选A。代词不能指代前面整件事CD错。逻辑思维： 五只小海鹰是不能发出E brought 的动作，怎么能说“an action that happens at the same time as the action in the main Clause“。是五只小海鹰离开巢穴的结果导致的bring。有前后因果关系，而不是同时伴随关系。解题技巧：SVO, doing结构两种情况。一、伴随，Doing修饰S；二、结果，Doing修饰SVO。48. In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of theIliad, a work that, taking him seven years untilcompletion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson-Popes contemporary, pronounced the greatesttranslation in any language. (A) his translation of the Iliad, a work that, takinghim seven years until completion, and thatliterary critic Samuel Johnson, Popescontemporary, pronounced(B) his translation of the Iliad, a work that took himseven years to complete and that literary criticSamuel Johnson, Popes contemporary,pronounced(C) his translation of the Iliad, a work that had takenseven years to complete and that literary criticSamuel Johnson, Popes contemporary,pronounced it as(D) translating the Iliad, a work that took sevenyears until completion and that literary criticSamuel Johnson, Popes contemporary,pronounced it as(B)(E) translating the Iliad, a work that had taken sevenyears to complete and literary critic SamuelJohnson, Popes contemporary, pronounced it解释：代词敏感，C中it多余，有that从句。同位语从句，从句必有完整主谓过去完成时敏感，此句没有理由过去时变成过去完成时，CE错。50. According to some analysts, the gains in the stockmarket reflect growing confidence that the economywill avoid the recession that many had feared earlier inthe year and instead come in for a soft landing,followed by a gradual increase in business activity. (A) that the economy will avoid the recessionthat many had feared earlier in the year andinstead come(B) in the economy to avoid the recession, whatmany feared earlier in the year, rather to come(C) in the economys ability to avoid the recession,something earlier in the year many had feared,and instead to come(D) in the economy to avoid the recession manywere fearing earlier in the year, and ratherto come(A)(E) that the economy will avoid the recession thatwas feared earlier this year by many, with itinstead coming解释：B,C,D 的前五个单词使to avoid的修饰对象成了confidence。B中的What不能引导定语从句。C中的earlier in the year在这个地方有歧义，并且我们很容易在这个地方忽略一点，会根据平行自己想当然的认为，是economy come in for a soft landing，但是此选项说的是ability，并且前面的中心词是confidence，confidence是不会come in for的，明显是不符合逻辑的。D选项的平行结构有问题，这个地方平行的时候我们同样很容易想当然是economy come in for a soft landing,其实不然，因为结构是这样的confidence( in the economy)to avoid ，and rather to come ，所以搭配是错的，因为你可以是说信心能够避免什么，但是不能说它接受软着陆。一般来说that在定从中做宾语的话that需要省略，不过这里many前面的that需要补出的，为的是避免had feared和come in并列的歧义。所以无歧义凌驾于所有原则之上。对于E，读过一遍选项感觉many突兀，细看无所指，with it instead没有修饰对象，排除。54. The report recommended that the hospital shouldeliminate unneeded beds, expensive servicesshould be consolidated, and use space in otherhospitals. (A) should eliminate unneeded beds, expensiveservices should be consolidated, and use spacein other hospitals(B) should eliminate unneeded beds, expensiveservices should be consolidated, and otherhospitals space be used(C) should eliminate unneeded beds, expensiveservices should be consolidated, and to usespace in other hospitals(D) eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensiveservices, and other hospitals space used (E)(E) eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensiveservices, and use space in other hospitals解释：Recommend 建议、命令、要求，should必须省略。总结：下列动词宾语后从句使用动词原形表示虚拟，省略should1 表建议：advocate/advise/move/recommend that/Sb. suggest/propose that2 表命令：order/decree/mandate/command/demand that3 表要求：request/require/insist/Sth. require of sb. that57. That educators have not anticipated the impact ofmicrocomputer technology can hardly be said that itis their fault: Alvin Toffler, one of the most prominentstudents of the future, did not even mentionmicrocomputers in Future Shock, published in 1970. (A) That educators have not anticipated the impactof microcomputer technology can hardly be saidthat it is their fault(B) That educators have not anticipated the impactof microcomputer technology can hardly be saidto be at fault(C) It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impactof microcomputer technology(D) It can hardly be said that educators are at faultfor not anticipating the impact of microcomputertechnology(D)(E) The fact that educators are at fault for notanticipating the impact of microcomputertechnology can hardly be said解释：A中一个比较明显的错误是 【that(主语从句)+can hardly be said（谓语）+that（宾语从句）】。A的原句是：That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault。把A中前面的主语从句不分还原为it做形式主语的句子后应该是：It can hardly be said that educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology that it is their fault，可以很明显看到后面的that it is their fault是一个多余的成分，它跟随在了前面的一个完整表意的句子之后。也就是说，本来原句应该由两个句组成的，但是现在杂糅到了一起。如下，正确表意应该是以下两个句子：句子1：It can hardly be said that educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology 。句子2：It can hardly be said that it is their fault。也就是说在A选项中，can hardly be said这个谓语，本应该和前后的从句各去形成一次关系，组成一个句子。但是A选项，【从句-谓语-从句】的结构，使得这个谓语只能找一个从句去还原正常语序，所以这个句式是不对的。B选项to be xxx是非谓语动词，主语是that从句，谓语是can hardly be said, 那么这个to be at fault的非谓语动词在这里充当的结构不明。如果是不定式做介宾，那么不需要加to be，而只用at fault。C选项GMAT原句是意图在表达“教育者没有预料到电脑科技这件事情上不是他们（教育者）的错”，而C选项表达的是“不是那些教育者的错，哪些教育者呢？那些没有预料到电脑科技的教育者”，一个从根本上改变了句子的意思。E中另一个错误同AB中一样的就是我们看到这个句子用that引导的主语从句非常长，冗余，然后就会造成整个句子头重脚轻。而用it is .that的形式可以避免这种头重脚轻，一目了然。60. While all states face similar industrial waste problems,the predominating industries and the regulatoryenvironment of the states obviously determines thetypes and amounts of waste produced, as well asthe cost of disposal. (A) all states face similar industrial waste problems,the predominating industries and the regulatoryenvironment of the states obviously determines(B) each state faces a similar industrial wasteproblem, their predominant industries andregulatory environment obviously determine(C) all states face a similar industrial wasteproblem; their predominating industries andregulatory environment obviously determines(D) each state faces similar industrial wasteproblems, the predominant industries and theregulatory environment of each state obviouslydetermines(E)(E) all states face similar industrial waste problems,the predominant industries and the regulatoryenvironment of each state obviously determine解释：Each state与All states进行比较，方能凸显出两者的不同，这应该是OG想表达的原意：（尽管）【所有的州】都面临浪费问题，（然而）【每个独立州】的浪费问题都因地制宜，各不相同。所以All 在前，Each在后形成对比。68. The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site atTell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence forcentrally administered complex societies in northernregions of the Middle East that were arisingsimultaneously with but independently of the morecelebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, inwhat is now southern Iraq. (A) that were cut into a 500-acre site at TellHamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidencefor centrally administered complex societies innorthern regions of the Middle East that werearising simultaneously with but(B) that were cut into a 500-acre site at TellHamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence thatcentrally administered complex societies innorthern regions of the Middle East were arisingsimultaneously with but also(C) having been cut into a 500-acre site at TellHamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidencethat centrally administered complex societies innorthern regions of the Middle East were arisingsimultaneously but(D) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria,yields strong evidence of centrally administeredcomplex societies in northern regions of theMiddle East arising simultaneously but also(E)(E) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria,have yielded strong evidence that centrallyadministered complex societies in northernregions of the Middle East arose simultaneouslywith but 解释：句子结构是这样的：The first trenches （句子主语）cut into a 500-acre siteat Tell Hamoukar，Syria,（过去分词作定语修饰主语，沟被cut into xxx注意Tell Hamoukar，Syria 是一个专有名词之类，逗号无意义）, have yielded strong evidence（谓语和宾语，说明被cut的沟提供了证据）that （引出后面的同位语从句或者是什么从句，反正是解释证据的）centrally administered complex societies （从句主语soctiey，一个什么样的社会）in northern regions of the Middle East（社会在哪）arose（从句谓语）simultaneously with but independently of （simultaneously with和independently of 并列“同时而独立地”，说明是怎么arose的）the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia（同时又独立的随着啥出现，从句宾语，后面那个修饰前面的地名M）,in what is now southern Iraq.71. Unlike the original National Museum of Science andTechnology in Italy, where the models are encased inglass or operated only by staff members, the VirtualLeonardo Project, an online version of the museum,encourages visitors to touch each exhibit, whichthereby activates the animated functions of the piece. (A) exhibit, which thereby activates(B) exhibit, in turn an activation of(C) exhibit, and it will activate(D) exhibit and thereby activate(D)(E) exhibit which, as a result, activates解释：AE选项的which没有先行词，B选项后面的句子没有谓语动词。D选项是省略了thereby后面的to，和to touch平行的。84. Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in theatmosphere from hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides,two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, reactwith sunlight. (A) ozone is formed in the atmosphere from(B) ozone is formed in the atmosphere when(C) ozone is formed in the atmosphere, and when(D) ozone, formed in the atmosphere when(B)(E) ozone, formed in the atmosphere from解释：DE 主句没有谓语。C And 从句、主句无法平行。关注未划线接句子react是动词，不用介词，连词When句子。88. Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist andcomposer, produced a body of work both rooted in thestride-piano tradition of Willie (The Lion) Smith andDuke Ellington, yet in many ways he stood apart fromthe mainstream jazz repertory. (A) Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist andcomposer, produced a body of work both rooted(B) Thelonious Monk, the jazz pianist and composer,produced a body of work that was rooted both(C) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk,who produced a body of work rooted(D) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monkproduced a body of work that was rooted(D)(E) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monkproduced a body of work rooted both解释：yet后面是句子，前面也要句子，C错，不是一个句子。92. The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a nuclearreactor, in which atoms are actively broken apart;rather a kind of nuclear battery that uses naturalradioactive decay to produce power. (A) apart; rather(B) apart, but rather(C) apart, but rather that of(D) apart, but that of(B)(E) apart; it is that of解释：如果有分号分开, 两个分句都必须有独立的主语与谓语。93. Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this yearthan last because refiners are paving about $