六级翻译 20篇.pdf

Test 1 中国北方的大部分地区 包括北京在内 常被雾霾 heavy smog 一种空气颗粒 污染 particulate matter air pollution 所笼罩 长期接触空气中的细小颗粒 尤其是在浓度极高 的情况下 会增加患呼吸系统疾病 respiratory disease 和肺癌的风险 仅 2013 年 中国空 气污染就可能导致约 120 万人过早死亡 即便对一个拥有 13 亿人口的国家而言 这一数字 也相当高了 在被雾霾包裹的日子里 很多学校甚至禁止孩子到室外玩耍 政府在控制空气 污染方面表现出了紧迫感 积极采取行动 并鼓励公众参与讨论解决办法 参考译文 Most areas in northern China including Beijing are often enveloped by heavy smog a sort of particulate matter air pollution Long term exposure to tiny particles in the air especially at extremely high concentration can increase risks of respiratory diseases as well as lung cancer Air pollution might have caused about 1 2 million premature deaths in China in 2013 alone a considerable figure even for a country of 1 3 billion people On the days when heavy smog envelops cities many schools even forbid kids from playing outside The government has shown a sense of urgency in their efforts to control air pollution by acting actively and encouraging a public discussion on the solutions to the problem Test 2 小微企业 small and micro sized firm 是小型企业 微型企业 家庭作坊式企业 family artisanal enterprise 和个体户的统称 目前中国小微企业规模有近 5000 万家 在国民经济中 的支撑作用越来越大 小微企业是提供就业岗位的重要渠道 是创业的主要平台 是科技创 新的重要力量 然而 由于受到资金 技术 人才等方面的限制 它们面临管理混乱 资金 不足 效率低下 竞争能力弱的问题 近年来 中国政府出台了一系列政策 在贷款 税收 等方面支持小微企业的发展 参考译文 Small and micro sized firm is a general term for small firms micro firms family artisanal enterprises and individually owned businesses Currently there are approximately 50 million small and micro sized firms in China which play an increasingly important role in supporting the national economy Small and micro sized firms serve as a significant channel for creating jobs a major platform for starting businesses and an important force of scientific innovation However restricted by capital technology talents and so on they suffer from chaotic management capital shortage low efficiency and weak competitive power In recent years the Chinese government has launched a series of policies to support the development of small and micro sized firms in various aspects like loans and taxations Test 3 高考 即全国高等教育入学考试 National Higher Education Entrance Examination 是 中国大陆最有影响力的考试之一 合格的高中毕业生和具有同学力 educational level 的学生 每年可以参加一次考试 学生必考的 mandatory 科目为语文 数学和外语 通常是英语 不同的省份的考试试卷各不相同 高考非常具有权威性 几乎所有大学都根据高考分数录取 学生 因此 很多中国人把高考看作是决定人生的关键事务 近年来 人们关注高考体制 提出各种改革高考的建议 专家称改革高考录取制度是改革的根本 考译文 College entrance examination also known as National Higher Education Entrance Examination is one of the most influential examinations in mainland China Qualified senior high school graduates and students with the same educational level can take the exam once a year The three mandatory subjects are Chinese Mathematics and foreign language usually English and the test papers vary from province to province College entrance examination is so authoritative that almost all the admissions made by the universities are based on students scores in the exam Therefore many Chinese regard it as a critical event in their life In recent years people pay more attention to the college entrance examination system and various proposals about its reform have been put forward Experts claim that the fundamental reform of the examination lies in the university admission system Test 4 团购是一种新型的购物方式 顾名思义就是指很多人一起购买同一产品 加大与卖方的 谈判能力以获得优惠的购买价格 随着中国电子商务的繁荣和发展 网络团购在中国网民中 流行起来 已经成为团购的主要形式 它方便 快捷 价格低 不受地域限制 目前中国的 很多网站都在尝试做团购 并迅速发展起来 如聚划算 Juhuasuan 糯米团 Nuomituan 等 据了解 网络团购的主要群体是中国大中城市的年轻人 参考译文 Group buying is a new shopping mode which as its name implies means a large group of people buying the same product It aims at enhancing buyers negotiation power with sellers to get a favorable price With the prosperity and development of Chinese e commerce online group buying is popular among Chinese Internet users and has become the main form of group buying It is convenient fast low in price and unrestrained by regions Currently many websites in China are trying to launch group buying service and flourish quickly such as Juhuasuan Nuomituan It is known that the majority of online group buyers are young people in large and medium sized cities in China Test 5 西部大开发 Western Development 是中国促进经济发展的一项重要政策 自从实 行改革开放的政策以来 尤其是中国东南沿海城市的经济特区 special economic zone 设 立以来 中国经济发展迅速 然而 由于位置偏远 交通落后 与其他地区交流不足 中国 西部地区在经济 文化 人民生活水平等方面不够发达 为了解决地区间发展的不平衡 中 国开展了 西部大开发 运动 在引进人才和投资等方面给予西部地区优惠 preferential 政策 目前 西部大开发 的成就显著 东西部地区的差距正逐渐缩小 参考译文 Western Development is an important policy of China aiming at promoting economic development Since China adopted the reform and opening up policy and especially since the special economic zones were set up in the coastal cities in southeast China the Chinese economy has grown rapidly However owing to its remote location backward transportation and insufficient exchange with other regions western China is less developed in its economy culture and people s living standard In order to tackle the imbalanced development among regions China has launched the campaign of Western Development offering preferential policies to the west in many aspects such as introduction of talents and investment Now the campaign of Western Development has made remarkable achievements gradually narrowing the gap between the east and the west Test 6 食品安全问题是关系到千千万万人民群众切身利益的社会问题 可是在中国 重大食品 安全事件频繁发生 食品安全问题日益严峻 某些没有诚信的商人为了追求利润最大化 不 惜往人们每天食用的食品当中添加种类繁多的非法化学添加剂 additive 极大地损害了 人们的身体健康 食品安全不是一个人的责任 而是国家 社会 企业以及每个人的共同职 责 只有全社会共同努力 食品安全问题才能从根本上得到解决 参考译文 Food safety is a social problem concerning the vital interests of millions of people But major food safety incidents in China occur frequently making the problem increasingly serious In the pursuit of maximum profit some dishonest businessmen add various illegal chemical additives to the food people eat every day thus the health of people is seriously harmed Food safety is not the duty of a single person but the shared responsibility of the country society enterprises and individuals Only if the whole society works jointly can food safety problem be solved fundamentally Test 7 人口老龄化是指一个国家或地区老年人口增长的现象 生育率下降和人均寿命 life expectancy 延长是导致人口老龄化的两大因素 根据联合国传统标准 一个国家有超过 10 的人口超过 60 岁就被称为老龄化社会 由于计划生育政策的影响 中国大陆已于 1999 年快 速进入了老龄化社会 2011 年底 中国 60 岁以上的老龄人口占当时人口总数 13 7 以上 中国的人口老龄化带来了一系列社会问题 如劳动力资源相对短缺 国家福利和医疗服务支 出增加 因此 中国人口老龄化问题亟待解决 参考译文 Aging population refers to a phenomenon that the number of elderly people in a country or a region rises Declining birthrates and rising average life expectancy are the two major factors contributing to aging population According to the traditional standards of the United Nations an aging society is one in which the population of people over 60 years old exceeds 10 percent of the total population Influenced by the one child policy mainland China rapidly entered an aging society in 1999 At the end of 2011 the number of people over 60 years old accounted for more than 13 7 percent of the total population of that time Aging population in China has brought about a series of social problems such as the relative shortage of labor force and the increase in expenses of national welfare and medical services Therefore it is urgent to solve the aging population problem in China Test 8 西湖 West Lake 位于浙江省杭州市西部 是江南 south of the Yangtze River 三大名湖之 一 它三面环山 湖区内有大量的寺庙 古塔 c pagoda 园林和人造岛 它是中国园林设 计师的重要灵感来源 西湖景区拥有美丽的自然风光和历史古迹 historic relic 深刻影响 了中国历史上的诗人和画家 三潭印月 Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 的景观出现在壹 圆纸币的背面 体现着西湖在中国悠久文化中的重要地位 2011 年西湖凭借独特的风光和 大量杰出的文化景观而入选世界文化遗产 参考译文 West Lake located in the western area of Hangzhou Zhejiang Province is one of the three famous lakes in the south of the Yangtze River It is surrounded by mountains on three sides There are numerous temples pagodas gardens and artificial islands within the lake area which make it an important source of inspiration for Chinese garden designers West Lake has deeply influenced poets and painters throughout China s history for its natural beauty and historic relics The scenery of the Three Pools Mirroring the Moon is printed on the back of the one yuan note which reflects the significance of West Lake in the ancient Chinese culture In 2011 West Lake was selected as a World Cultural Heritage Site for its distinctive scenery and large number of outstanding cultural sites Test 9 丽江古城 the Old Town of Lijiang 位于中国云南省丽江市 始建于南宋末年 至今已 有八百多年的历史 丽江古城地处战略要地 古时候商旅活动频繁 是茶马古道 the Ancient Tea Horse Road 上的重镇 丽江古城没有城墙 古城内的建筑融合了多种文化元素 展现了 汉族 白族 藏族以及纳西族的建筑特点 古城拥有古老的供水系统 至今仍有效地发挥着 作用 水系 waterway 上有三百多座桥 均建于明清时期 现在 纳西族的传统文化东巴 Dongba 文化 如文字 绘画 舞蹈和音乐成为丽江古城旅游的焦点 参考译文 The Old Town of Lijiang located in Lijiang City Yunnan Province of China was originally built in the late Southern Song Dynasty with a history of more than 800 years In a strategic site the Old Town of Lijiang was an important town along the the Ancient Tea Horse Road owing to the frequent business activities during ancient times The Old Town of Lijiang has no city wall and its architecture blends various elements from different cultures showing the features of the Han Bai Tibetan and the Naxi ethnic groups The Old Town has an ancient water supply system which still functions effectively today There are more than 300 bridges above the waterways all of which were built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties Now Dongba culture the traditional culture of the Naxi such as characters paintings dance as well as music has become the focus of tourism in the Old Town of Lijiang Test 10 中国书法 calligraphy 作为一种具有 4000 多年历史的抽象艺术 它不仅仅是书写汉字 也不只是写好汉字 它是一门表现精神的艺术 书法作品承载着书法家的人格 情绪 思 想和灵魂 中国书法在中国盛行了数千年 在日本和韩国这样的邻国也很流行 在中国 书 法作品被认为是很高档的 up market 装饰品 因此也常被视为馈赠友人的佳品 如今 大部 分的名家书法作品都被存放在博物馆里 这增强了不同国家和不同文化之间的人们对彼此的 了解 参考译文 As an abstract art with more than 4 000 years history Chinese calligraphy is neither writing Chinese characters nor writing them well It is an art which expresses spirits The calligraphy work carries the calligrapher s personality mood thoughts and soul Chinese calligraphy has been popular in China for thousands of years which also prevails in the neighborhood countries such as Japan and Korea In China the calligraphy work is considered as a very up market decoration Therefore it also serves as great presents to friends Today most calligraphy works are exhibited in museums which promotes people from different countries and cultures to better understand each other Test 11 功夫 Kung fu 是一种典型的中国传统文化 它是一项既活动肌肉又活动大脑的运动 同 时 功夫不仅是一项体育运动 也是一种艺术形式 它被用来治病和自卫 而且是一种综合 性的人体文化 功夫历史悠久 在中国非常流行 肢体动作只是功夫的外部表现 external display 功夫绝对不受限于外部动作 它还强调充分发挥内部气质 internal temperament 心理状态 mental state 和人类潜能 由于起源于传统的东方文化 功夫的特点与魅力在其他 国家受到越来越多的关注 参考译文 Kung fu as one of the typical demonstrations of traditional Chinese culture is a sport which strengthens both muscle and brain It is not only a sporting exercise but also all artistic form Kung fu can be used to cure illness as well as for self defense and it is a comprehensive form of culture of the human body Kung fu enjoys a long history and great popularity in China The physical movements of the human are only the external display of Kung fu which is by no means limited to them It emphasizes the full display of the internal temperament mental state and potential of the human beings Thanks to its uniqueness and charisma originating from traditional oriental culture Kung fu is captivating the attention of more and more people in other countries Test 12 中国杂技 acrobatics 拥有超过 3000 年的历史 被誉为 东方艺术明珠 观看中国杂技 表演时 你会被深深地吸引 全神贯注 目不转睛 随着世界经济的发展 杂技表演也发展 成为闻名于世的一种表演艺术 在欧洲和北美 越来越多的观众被中国杂技表演的魅力所吸 引 尽管有着悠久的历史 也非常受人民群众的欢迎 然而杂技在旧中国却从来没有在剧院 里演出过 1949 年中华人民共和国成立后 中国杂技才得到了飞速的发展 参考译文 with a history of more than 3 000 years Chinese acrobatics have been praised as A Pearl of Oriental Art When watching a Chinese acrobatics show you will be strongly attracted both mentally and physically With the development of the world economy the acrobatics show has been also developed into a kind of performance art well known throughout the worldwide In Europe and North America more and more audiences are absorbed by the charm of the Chinese acrobatics show Though having a long history of development and enjoying great popularity among the people acrobatics in old China were never performed in theaters In 1949 with the founding of the People s Republic of China Chinese acrobatics have developed rapidly Test 13 灯笼作为民间传统工艺 craftwork 现在仍受到全国各地的欢迎 灯笼艺术 作为 中 国珍贵的传统文化的一部分 在民间仍被继承 inherit 着 我们可以说灯笼在中国 悠久的历 史中发挥着巨大而不可替代的作用 它象征着灿烂的中国文化 中国灯笼不 但在中国历史 上扮演着重要的角色 在国际发明 发展上也做出了巨大的贡献 一些西 方国家通过传教 士 missionary 活动和对外贸易 掌握了中国灯笼的设计及制作技巧 极大地促进了其社会 发展 参考译文 Lanterns the traditional folk craftwork are still popular all over the country now The art of lanterns as a part of the precious traditional Chinese culture is still inherited among the people We can say that lanterns played an important and irreplaceable role in the Chinese long history and they also symbolize the brilliant culture of China Chinese lanterns not only played an important role in Chinese history but also made great contribution to the international invention and development Some Western countries got the skills of designing and making Chinese lanterns by means of missionaries and foreign trading which greatly fastened their social development Test 14 提到中国文化就不能不提到中国饮食 中国的莱肴很丰富 种类繁多 源自中国 56 个 民族 nationality 和广大的地域 中国北方多以面食为主 南方多以米食为主 这形成了巨大 的反差 作为一种文化载体 carrier 饺子是中国传统饮食文化的典型代表 唐宋时期 中 国的面食得到了进一步的发展 与此同时 与其他国家的面食交流也开始了 随着时间的流 逝 中国面食文化被继承与发展 创造出更多融古今风味于一体的全新面食 参考译文 It is impossible to mention Chinese culture without mentioning Chinese food Chinese dishes are rich and varied in kind originating from China s 56 nationalities and its vast territory Additionally the more wheat based diet of China s Northern regions provides a sharp contrast in diet to the more rice based diet of China s Southern regions As a carrier of culture dumpling is the typical example of traditional Chinese cuisine culture In the Tang and Song Dynasties Chinese flour food got further development Meanwhile exchanges with other countries on flour food were carried out As time goes by the flour food culture has definitely been carried forward and further developed creating more and more innovative flour delicates combining traditional and modern styles Test 15 今天 剪纸 paper cutting 和古代一样是一项技术性很高的艺术形式 它需要创造力 技 巧和经验 无论是简单的还是复杂的形式 每一个设计必须形成一个连续的 完整的 integral 剪纸 仔细研究你会发现中国人形成的那种巧妙的剪法既连接了内部的各个部分 还保持了 图形的完整性 总体来说 剪纸有两种方法 一种是用剪子 另一 种是用刀 由于窗户上 的薄纸被玻璃替代 剪纸逐渐变得不那么流行 直到近几年 这门古老的艺术才以令人难忘 的新形式再次繁荣起来 参考译文 Today as in the ancient times paper cutting is a highly technical art form requiring creativities skills and experience No matter how simple or complex every design is it must be formed as an unbroken and integral piece With careful study you will notice the ingenious cutting that the Chinese have developed not only connects various parts of the picture but also doesn t spoil the picture Generally there are two common methods for paper cutting with scissors or with knives As glass replaced the thin paper on windows paper cutting became less popular Until recent years this ancient art flourishes once again in an impressively new and inventive way Test 16 早在文字出现之前 就有人发明了风筝 因此关于它的起源有各种各样的说法 中国人 拥有制造风筝最基本的材料 丝绸和竹子 而且中国人是最早用文字记录风筝的 据记载 公元前 478 年中国的一位哲学家 philosopher 墨子花了三年时间用木头做成了一只会飞的 鸟 有很多说法解释风筝是怎样被发明出来的 有一个说法是有个中国人的帽子被风吹掉了 但是挂在了衣领 neckband 上 于是就在风中飞了起来 还有一个说法是为了让高处的旗帜 更醒目 参考译文 As kites were invented before the written Words many versions of how they originated have been emerged The Chinese had the basic available materials to make kites silk and bamboo and the Chinese were the first people to write about kites in Words In 478 B C it was recorded that a Chinese philosopher Mo Zi spent 3 years making a bird from wood which could fly There are many sayings as to how the kite was invented one is that a Chinese man s hat may have been blown off and was caught by the neckband which made it fly in the wind Another saying is that it can make a high banner more visible Test 17 纸的发明对世界文化和国际交流是一个重大的贡献 最早的汉字是刻在动物的骨头或乌 龟壳上的 战国时期 the Warring States Period 文字开始被刻在竹筒 bamboo slips 上 然 而 骨头 竹片和木头都非常重 不便于携带 到了西汉时期 当时的贵族 noble caste 用 的是丝绸或棉花做的薄纸 这种纸不仅便于书写 还特别适合作画 但是其造价太高 平民 百姓根本承受不起 公元 105 年 东汉官员蔡伦在学习总结前人造纸方法的基础上发明了一 种新型的低成本植物纤维 fiber 纸 参考译文 The invention of paper making is a great contribution to the world s cultural development and international communication The earliest Chinese characters were carved on animal s bones or tortoise s shells During the Warring States Period bamboo slips were used instead However bones bamboo slips and woods were too heavy to carry During the Western Han Dynasty the noble caste wrote on thin paper made of silk or cotton It s easy to write and even excellent for painting on this kind of paper However it was so expensive that the civilians couldn t afford In 105 A D Cai Lun a high ranking official in the Eastern Han Dynasty learned from the old way of paper making and invented a new cheap plant fiber paper Test 18 现在 世界上大约有超过 40 个国家种植茶叶 而亚洲国家的产茶量占到了全球的 90 其他国家的茶树来源 都直接或间接地源自中国 许多国家用于指茶叶或者茶水的词都是汉 字 茶 的衍生物 derivatives 要想泡一壶好茶 必须要特别注意水的质量 水的温度 茶叶 的用量以及茶壶 teapot 的类型 喝茶的习惯是公元 6 世纪传到日本的 但直到 17 到 18 世 纪才传到欧 美 现在 世界上喝茶的人数众多 并且仍在增加 参考译文 At present more than 40 countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries accounting for 90 of the world s total output The origin of all tea trees in other countries either directly or indirectly is Chitin The words for tea leaves or tea as a drink in ninny countries are derivatives from the Chinese character cha To make a good pot of tea special attention must be paid to the water quality water temperature the amount of tea leaves used and the type of teapot The habit of drinking tea was spread to Japan in 6 A D but was not introduced to