Northern Ireland.doc

Northern Ireland 1. Basic order of events in NI 1600s - Queen Elizabeth encouraged English settlements in Ireland. 1916 - The Easter Rising 1921 - Partition - The Anglo-Irish Treaty 2. Good Friday Agreement: Also known as the Belfast Agreement.,was a major political development in the Northern Ireland peace process. It was signed in Belfast on 10 April 1998 (Good Friday) by the British and Irish governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties. 3. Bloody Sunday: demonstration in Londonderry, Northern Ireland, on Sunday, Jan. 30, 1972, by Roman Catholic civil rights supporters. Bloody Sunday precipitated an upsurge in support for the nationalist Irish Republican Army (IRA), which advocated violence against the United Kingdom to force it to withdraw from Northern Ireland. 4. Sinn Fein: Political wing of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). Sinn Fin, organized in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, is a nationalist party in Northern Ireland, representing Roman Catholics who want to achieve a united Ireland through whatever means are necessary, including violence. The party was led by Gerry Adams from 1983. 5. Religion of Irish and British: Christianity Australia 1. What is unique to each state? Western Australia: the largest state; very few people live there; it contains most of the countries minerals. The Northern Territory: the essence of the Australian Outback; it has a varied landscape; also known as the land of the aborigines. South Australia: the driest state; 60% is desert; rich in mineral resources; has world-famous vineyards(wine). Queensland: the sunshine state and has magnificent beaches; Australias premier tourist destination; the location of the Great Barrier Reef. New South Wales: the first white settlement in Australia; it leads the country in shipping, industry, and agriculture; the most populous area of the country; Sydney is the state capital. Australian Capital Territory: the site of the nations capital, Canberra; National government is its main industry. Victoria: the smallest mainland state but most densely populated and highly urbanized; a major tourist destination; its capital, Melbourne, is the second largest city in Australia. Tasmania: the smallest state; has several substantial industries; has retained much of its colonial feel. 2. History: (time line) 1788 - Colonization 1850s - Gold Rush 1880s - Growth of Nationalism 1901 - Federation 1900s - A New Nation 1914 - 1918 - WWI 1920s - The 1920s 1929 - The Great Depression 1939 - WWII 1946 - Populate or Perish: Immigration 3. Minorities: Aborigines &immigrants from non-European countries 4.Map 5. TAFE: Technical and Further Education 6. Unique Holidays Australian Day - January 26th ANZAC Day - April 25th Remembrance Day - Nov 11th Melbourne Cup Day - Nov 7. Favorite Sports: Australian Rules football; Netball New Zealand 1. Major cities: Capital: Wellington; largest city: Auckland; Christchurch and Dunedin. 2. Difference between North and South Island North: major cities: Wellington and Auckland; Volcanoes South: less densely populated; largest cities: Christchurch and Dunedin; has the most impressive mountains; glaciers 3. History First settlers: Maori. They came from Polynesia at least 700 years ago, and maybe 1000 years ago. The Dutch in 1642 first discovered New Zealand. British explorer James Cook in 1769 first came to New Zealand whose ships name was Endeavor. Treaty of Waitangi: Maori wanted protection from European settlers. Growth of a nation: self-government (1852); a separate dominion (1907); full independence (1947) ; “Most prosperous country in the world” by 1940. The Maturing of the nation: 1947,became fully independent from Britain 1951, the Legislative Council was abolished , creating a unicameral legislature. 1940s-1970s, increasing economic prosperity based on agriculture. Parliament in 1975 established a tribunal to hear claims of violations of the Treaty of Waitangi. In 1993 Parliament was changed to give more representation to smaller parties. 1996, first Mixed Member Proportional(MMP) Parliament 4. Minorities: Maori 5. Unique holidays New Years Day Waitangi Day: Feb 6th (National Day) Easter (Good Friday through Easter Monday) ANZAC Day: April 25th (This stands for Australia and New Zealand Army Corps. It honors the men and women who have fought in wars) Queen Elizabeths II Birthday: first Monday of June Labor Day: fourth Monday in October Christmas Boxing Day: the day after Christmas. A major shopping day Holidays Sport of the Kings: horse racing Wimbledon: the most famous tennis match in the UK Sport Scottish invented: Golf Muslim fast: Ramadan; a fast during the month of September Guy Fawkes: Bonfire Night (a catholic conspirator, Nov 5, 1605-celebrated by Fireworks and bonfire) :Hogmanay: Scotland, (when) News Years Eve, (how) first footing Eisteddfod: Wales; purpose: preserve the Welsh language and culture, which is threatened by English. Boxing Day: UK, the day after Christmas, a major shopping day Trouping the Colour: on the Queens birthday Waitangi Day: New Zealand, Feb 6th (National Day) ANZAC Day: Australia and NZ, April 25th Dates UK joined EU: 1973 Scotland joins UK: 1707 Wales join UK: 1536 Ireland