工程技术大学英语.doc

Passage OneAnne Whitney, a sophomore at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldnt think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher. Another student in microbiology has similar experiences. He said, My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldnt even write them down! These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cant write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety had been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students. Special university counseling courses try to help students. In these courses, counselors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tension. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test. An expert at the University of California explains. With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking out program. Most of then experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great. 51. To blank out is probably_. A) to be like a blanket B) to be sure of an answer C) to be unable to think clearly D) to show knowledge to the teacher 52. Poor grades are usually the result of _. A) poor hygienic(卫生的) habits B) laziness C) lack of sleep D) inability to form good study habits 53. Test anxiety has been recognized as _. A) an excuse for laziness B) the result of poor habits C) a real problem D) something that cant be changed 54. To deal with this problem, students can _. A) take a short course on anxiety B) read about anxiety C) be able to manage or understand their anxiety D) take test to prove they are not anxiety 55. A University of California counselor said_. A) all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program B) almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California counseling course C) students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety course D) students found it easy to relax as soon as they finished a University of California counseling course Passage TwoI have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happen to be that put-upon(被利用的) member of society - a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I am convinced the things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be an deceptive(欺骗的) new motto(座右铭) for so-called “service” organizations - Staff Before Service.How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there were not enough staff on duty to man all the service grilles(窗口) or checkout counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to hire cashiers and counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that uncovering all their cash registers at any one time would increase overheads(企业管理费用). And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service grilles to be occupied “at times when demand is low”.It is the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is cut short. As for us guests, we just have to put up with it. There is also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been thrown out of their jobs in the interests of “efficiency” and replaced by coin-eating machines which offer everything from lager to laxatives(从贮藏啤酒到通便剂). Not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making kit in your room: a kettle with a mixed collection of tea bags, plastic milk cartons and lump sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I do not, especially when I am paying for “service”.Can it be stopped, this worsening of service, this growing attitude that the customer is always a nuisance (讨厌的人)? I angrily hope so because it is happening, sadly, in all walks of life.Our only hope is to hammer home our anger whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, bring back into practice that other, older slogan - Take Our Custom(买卖) Elsewhere.56. The writer feels that nowadays a customer _.A) deserves the lowest status in societyB) is unworthy of proper considerationC) receives high quality treatmentD) is the victim of modern organizations57 The writer argues that the quality of service is changing because _.A) customers demands have greatly changedB) the staff receive more consideration than customersC) customers needs have become more complexD) the staff are less considerate than their employers58. According to the writer, long queues at counters are caused by _.A) improper staffing arrangementB) difficulties in hiring more efficient staffC) lack of cooperation between staff membersD) deliberate understaffing(人员不足)59. Service organizations claim that keeping all checkout counters operated would result in _A) demands by cashiers for a pay raiseB) insignificant benefits for the customersC)a rise in the price for providing serviceD) the need to purchase more expensive equipment60. The old-style hotel porters disappeared mainly because_.A) few people are willing to do that kind of jobB) machines are more reliable than human beingsC) the personal touch is no longer appreciatedD) automation has provided cheaper alternativesPassage One BFlorence Nightingale was the daughter of a rich family in England. Her parents wanted her to become a person of high social class, but Florence had other plans.By the time she was 12, she was determined to “do something worthwhile(值得做的).” She liked books. She enjoyed caring for sick farmers. Once she even saved the life of an old farmers dog that had broken its leg.At the age of 16, she began to read a lot of nursing(护理) books she had bought. She visited hospitals in London and other places.Her parents didnt want her working in those “dirty” hospitals, but she was determined. She finally left home and went to Kaiserwerth Hospital in Germany to study.She was an excellent student, and after her graduation, she returned to London and got a job running a hospital.During the Crimean War(克里米亚战争), she was put in charge of nursing. She went to the battlefield(战场) with 38 nurses. The hospital was a huge, dirty building. She got men to clean it up and managed to get the supplies(供给) they needed.She carried a lamp as she walked the halls of the battlefield hospital and became known as the “lady with the lamp.”She saved thousands of lives. People called her an angel in the hospitals, but she herself became ill with a disease she got there.In her later years she was not able to travel. But people came to her from all over the world for her advice.During the Civil War(美国南北战争), the United States asked her advice about setting up military hospitals.She became known as the founder of modern nursing.46. Nightingales parents wanted her to _. A. become a rich person. B. do something worthwhile C. enter the upper(上层) class. D. study medicine.47. When she was young, Nightingale enjoyed doing all of the following EXCEPT_. A. reading nursing books. B. taking care of dogs and other animals. C. caring for sick farmers. D. study medicine.48. Nightingale completed her study in a hospital in _. A. England. B. the United States C. Crimea D. Germany49. What did Nightingale do during the Crimean War? A. She opened a hospital for the wounded soldiers. B. She trained 38 nurses for the army. C. she worked in a battlefield hospital. D. She sent medical supplies to the battlefield.50. Nightingale is known for her achievement in _. A. running hospitals B. establishing modern nursing. C. building military hospitals D. saving thousands of lives.Passage Two BAn old couple walked slowly into McDonalds one cold winter evening. Some of the customers looked at them and thought, “Look, there is a couple who have been through a lot together, probably for 60 years or more!” The little old man walked right up to the cash register(收银机), placed his order (点菜) with no hesitation and then paid for their meal. There was one hamburger(汉堡包), one order of French fries(炸薯条) and one drink. After sitting at a table near the back wall, the little old man carefully cut the hamburger in half. He placed one half in front of his wife. Then he carefully counted out the French fries, divided them into two piles and placed one pile in front of his wife. As the man began to eat his few bites of hamburger, one young man came over to the old couples stable. He politely offered to buy another meal for the old couple to eat. The old man replied that they were used to sharing everything. Then the crowd noticed that the little old lady hadnt eaten a bite. She just sat there watching her husband eat and sometimes taking turns(轮流) drinking a little bit.Again the young man came over and begged them to let him buy them something to eat. This time the little old lady explained that they were used to sharing everything together.As the little old man finished eating, the young man could stand it no longer. Again he came over to their table and offered to buy some food.After being politely refused again, he finally asked a question to the little old lady, “Maam, why arent you eating? You said that you share everything. What is it that you are waiting for?”She answered, “The teeth. I cant eat without the false teeth(假牙) that my husband was using.”51. How many times did the young man offer to buy some food for the old couple? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Four times.52. What was the old lady doing when her husband was eating? A. She was waiting for her food. B. She was cutting the hamburger. C. She was drinking a little bit. D. She was dividing the French fries in two piles.53. The old couple refused the young mans offer because_ A. they were too poor to pay the money. B. they couldnt eat up more food. C. they didnt want to be helped by others.D. they were used to sharing everything.54.The old lady wasnt eating with her husband because_. A. she wanted her husband to eat more. B. she was waiting for the false teeth from her husband. C. she didnt like the food.D. she enjoyed watching her husband eat.55. What do you think of the end of the story? A. Very surprising. B. Very happy. C. Very sad. D. Very exciting.Passage Three B I began to swim when I was very young. Now I swim without even thinking, but there has to be one day that you are brave enough to swim without being helped by others. Mine came when I was four. I still remember that day we got to the swimming pool and my mother helped me into my little duck armbands (救生臂环). Then she went and let me stay in the water by myself. Everyone else had only one armband on and I was the odd one out, so I stood there looking sheepish(羞怯的)。 “Perhaps I could swim a little way with just one,” I thought, and so took one off and looked around at all the kids swimming in the other groups. They were really confident; I wanted to be like them. However, once I took off one armband, I felt really uncomfortable. You know, when you have something holding up one shoulder, it feels odd on the other side. I wasnt going to put up with this, so I took the other armband off. Well, Mum was shocked to see what I was doing. The child she had brought swimming was going to swim without any armband at all! I was getting into the water thinking, “It cant be that far; the others do it really quickly.” All of the other children were standing on the side watching. I plucked up my courage(鼓起勇气) and swam. It was wonderful. It was like being free. I reached the other side in no time and my teacher was smiling, his really big smile. I looked at the other little ones and they looked really impressed and I felt great. By this time Mum had already come over to see me. She was smiling and I smiled back. I could swim without armbands now. Mum, as always, was really happy for me.56. The word “mine”(Line. 3, Para 1) refers to_. A. The little duck armbands that the writers mother helped him into. B. the day when the writer was brave enough to swim on his own. C. the writers little friends from whom he learned how to swim. D. the writers teacher who was encouraging him all the time.57. How did the writer feel when he found that he was the only kid wearing two armbands? A. Very confident. B. Really happy. C. A bit shy. D. Much surprised. 58. The writer took off both his armbands because_. A. he wanted to be just like other kids. B. he hoped he could do a better job than other kids. C. he already had someone holding one shoulder. D. he felt uncomfortable wearing one armband.59. Why was the writers Mum shocked? A. Because the writer had decided to swim without a single armband. B. Because the writer was left alone in the swimming pool. C. Because the writer was being laughed at by other kids. D. Because the writer just stood on the side looking sheepish.60. It can be learned from the sixth paragraph that _. A. it took the writer less time and effort than other kids to reach the other side. B. it was a painful experience for the writer to swim with no armbands. C. the writer felt great that he had swum to the other side all by himself. D. the writer lost courage in the middle of swimming.Passage Four B Agriculturists(农学家) believe amaranth（苋属植物）is the most promising（有前途的）crop to come along in the near future. It has been discovered that amaranth is a highly nutritious（有营养的）food. It has something that is missing in wheat and rice. Amaranth can be made into flour（面粉）and many other foods. Bread made from amaranth is heavy and very compact（结实的） compared with the light and airy bread common in North America.It is true that breeding（培育）a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time. Agriculturists know that it has taken hundreds of years of breeding different kinds of wheat to get the kinds we have today. At present, there are several problems in growing amaranth as a crop. Because it is a wild plant, it is hard to know the date when the crop will be ready to be harvested. It is impossible to know the height of the plants or the yield(产量) of a given amount of seed. It is important to breed a plant of the same height and one that can be harvested at a certain time each year.Some agriculturists feel that selli