五脏六腑中译英练习答案.doc

中译英练习（一）：1藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及其相互关系的学说。1. The theory of visceral manifestation studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of viscera and their relations.2藏象学说在中医学理论体系中占有极其重要的地位。2. The theory of visceral manifestation plays an important role in the theoretical system of TCM.3五脏的共同生理特点是化生和贮藏精气。3. The common physiological function of the five zang-organs is to produce and store essence qi.4六腑的共同生理特点是受盛和传化水谷。4. The common physiological function of the six fu-organs is to receive, transport and transform water and food. 5脏病多虚，腑病多实。5. Diseases of the zang-organs are often of deficiency in nature while diseases of the fu-organs are frequently of excess in nature.6脏实者可泻其腑，腑虚者可补其脏。6. Excess of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs while deficiency of fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the related zang-organs.7皮肤受凉而感冒，会出现鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽等症状。7. Common cold due to invasion of cold into the skin is often characterized by stuffy nose, running nose and cough.8肾的精气有促进骨骼生长的作用。8. Kidney essence is helpful for promoting the growth of skeleton.9心与小肠相表里。9. The heart and the small intestine are internally and externally related to each other.10五脏与形体诸窍联结成一个整体。10. The five zang-organs and all the orifices on its physical shape form an organic whole. 11脾开窍于口，其华在唇。11. The spleen opens into the mouth and its luster is manifested over the lips.12五脏的生理活动与精神情志密切相关。12. The physiological activities of the five zang-organs are closely associated with the state of spirit and emotions.13五脏的生理活动统率全身整体的生理功能。13. The physiological functions of the five zang-organs play a leading role in the physiological functions of the whole body.14五脏生理功能之间的平衡协调是维持机体内在环境相对恒定的重要环节。14. The coordination and balance between the five zang-organs is key to the relative stability of the internal environment of the body.15五脏与形体诸窍的联系维系着体内外环境之间的相对平衡协调。15. The normal relationship between the five zang-organs and the physical orifices maintains the relative balance between the internal environment and external environment of the body.16精神情志和思维意识活动的时常也会影响五脏的生理功能。16. Disorder of spirit, emotions and mental activity affects the physiological functions of the five zang-organs.17藏象学说的形成是以一定的古代解剖知识为基础。17. The formation of the theory of visceral manifestation was, to a certain extent, based on the knowledge of anatomy in ancient times.18“有诸内，必形诸外”。18. The state of the internal organs must be manifested externally.19藏象学说对脏腑的认识大大超越了人体解剖学的脏腑范围。19. The knowledge about the viscera in the theory of visceral manifestation has exceeded the scope of that in modern anatomy.20藏象学说中的脏腑不单纯是一个解剖学概念，而是概括了人体某一系统的生理和病理学概念。20. The viscera in the theory of visceral manifestations are not simply anatomic concepts, but the concepts that are used to generalize the physiological functions and pathological changes in the whole body.中译英练习（二）：1心脏的主要生理功能是主血脉和主神志。1. The main physiological function of the heart is to control blood vessels and govern the mind.2脉是血液运行的通道。2. The vessels are the passages in which blood flows.3血液的正常运行必须以心气充沛，血液充盈和脉道通利为其基本的前提条件。3. Sufficient heart qi, abundant blood and smoothness of vessels are prerequisite to normal circulation of blood.4若心有病变，可以从舌上反映出来。4. Pathological changes of the heart can be observed from the tongue.5肺的呼吸功能健全与否，直接影响着宗气的生成。5. The respiratory function of the lung directly influences the production of thoracic qi.6肺失于宣散，即可出现呼气不利、胸闷、咳喘等病理现象。6. Failure of the lung to disperse inevitably leads to dyspnea, chest oppression, cough and panting.7如果肺的通调水道功能减退，就可发生水液停聚而生痰、成饮。7. Hypofunction of the lung in regulating water passage will lead to production of phlegm and retained fluid due to stagnation of water.8肺的病变多见于鼻、喉的证候。8. The pathological changes of the lung are mainly manifested in the nose and throat.9运化水谷即是对饮食物的消化和吸收。9. Transportation and transformation of water and food means to digest food and absorb nutrients from food.10脾失健运即脾运化水谷精微的功能减退。10. Failure of the spleen to transport normally refers to hypofunction of the spleen in transporting and transforming the nutrients of water and food.11脾为后天之本，气血生化之源。11. The spleen is the acquired base of life and the source of qi and blood production.12百病皆由脾胃衰而生也。12. All diseases are caused by weakness of the spleen and stomach.13肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄和主藏血。13. The main physiological function of the liver is to control free flow of qi and store blood.14气机的郁结会导致血行及津液的输布代谢的障碍。14. Stagnation of qi will affect blood circulation as well as distribution and metabolism of body fluid.15肝血不足或肝不藏血时即可引起月经量少，甚则经闭。15. Insufficiency of blood or failure of the liver to store blood will cause scanty menstruation or even amenorrhea.16肢体运动的能量来源全赖于肝的藏血充足和调节血量的作用。16. Sufficient blood stored in the liver and normal function of the liver to regulate blood enable the limbs to get necessary energy for their movement.17肾主生长、发育与生殖。17. The kidney governs growth, development and reproduction.18肾所藏的精气包括“先天之精”和“后天之精”。18. The essence stored in the kidney includes innate essence and acquired essence.19肾的纳气功能正常则呼吸均匀和调。19. If the function of the kidney to receive qi is normal, breath will be smooth and even.20尿液的排泄虽在膀胱，但须依赖肾的气化才能完成。20. Though urine is discharged from the bladder, it depends on qi transforming activity of the kidney to accomplish such a discharge.1胆排泄胆汁于小肠以助消化食物。1. The gallbladder excretes bile to promote the small intestine to digest food2胆的主要生理功能是贮存和排泄胆汁。2. The main physiological function of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile.3胆汁由肝之精气所化生。3. Bile is transformed from the essence qi in the liver.4胃的生理功能是受纳与腐熟水谷。4. The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and digest (discompose) water and food.5容纳于胃中的水谷经过胃的腐熟后，下传于小肠，其精微经脾的运化而营养全身。5. After primary digestion, the food in the stomach is transferred to the small intestine. The nutrient of food is then transported and transformed to nourish the whole body by the spleen.6饮食物经过小肠的进一步消化后分别为水谷精微和食物残渣两个部分。6. Food is then divided into nutrient and residue after further digestion in the small intestine.7小肠在吸收水谷精微的同时，也吸收了大量的水液。7. The small intestine also absorbs large quantity of liquid when absorbing nutrients from food.8.“清”指的是水谷精微，“浊”指的是食物残渣。8. The so-called “lucid” refers to the nutrients of water and food while the so-called “turbid” refers to the residue of food.9小肠的泌别清浊功能正常，则二便正常。9. With the function of the small intestine to separate the lucid from the turbid, the activity of defecation and urination will be normal.10大肠接受经过小肠泌别清浊后所剩下的食物残渣，再吸收其中多余的水液，形成粪便，经肛门而排除体外。10The main physiological function of the large intestine is to receive the waste part of foodstuff transmitted down from the small intestine, absorb part of the liquid from the waste and transform the rest part into feces to be discharged from the anus.11膀胱储存和排泄尿液是在肾的气化作用下完成的。11The bladder stores and discharges urine through the function of qi transformation of the kidney.12胃与脾相表里。12Th