初中英语时态专题.doc

动词时态专题一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：They raise ducks as a sideline .他们以养鸭为副业。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其重点不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态。例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。顾名思义，客观的情况是没有时间概念的；也不会在意动作进行的状态。例如：The sun rises in the east .日出东方。The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today , nowadays等等。 二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。时间状语：般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外）。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。过去的时间概念有两层意思：一是指现在某个时间以前的时间；二是指说话、写文章的那个时间点以前的时间，在这个意义上，现在的那个时间点是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。-Wheres Jim? 吉姆在哪里？ -He just went out.他刚刚出去。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。1）“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。例如：They are having a football match .他们正在赛足球。She is writing her term paper. 她正在写学期论文。Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你听电话。2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如：He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么样？3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况。例如： He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。Are you feeling better today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜欢） 有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午饭 ) , return, dine ( 进餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿，戴 ) 等。例如：Im dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭。An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美国教授要来作报告。We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我们放假。Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗？ 四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语可能是短语，词组，或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候，她正在写一篇文章。What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八点钟你在做什么？2）用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况。过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”，所以，在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”，从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源3)（仅限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如：When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday . 国庆节即将来临的时候，他们开始制订度假计划。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day . 我朋友对我说，他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭。 We left there when its getting dark. 天快黑的时候，我们离开了那儿。五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句：have或has。1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。We havent met for many years .我们已多年没见了。They have developed a new product .他们研制成功了一种新产品。2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？She has been to the United States. 她已去美国了。You have grown much taller.你长高了许多。3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。So far weve only discussed the first five chapters.至今我们还只讨论了前五章。一、用所给词的适当形式填空：1 He swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)2.It you are right. ( seem )3.Look, the children basketball on the playground. ( play )4.He to the radio when I came in, ( listen )5.It is very cold .I think it .( rain )6. I need some paper . I some for you . ( bring )7.I cant find my pen . Who it ?( take )8.He said that he back in five minutes . ( come )9.I didnt meet him. He when I got there. ( leave )10.I my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )11.He down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )12.He is not here. He to the post office. (go)13.He is very hungry. He anything for three days. ( not eat )14.I with you if I have time .( go )15.We will not go to the cinema if it tomorrow . (rain )16.I will tell her the news when she to see me next week. (come)17. “ When you the car ?” “ In 1998 . ”( buy )18.We good friends since we met at school . （be）19.What you at five yesterday afternoon ? (do)20.The bike is nice . How much it ? (cost)六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。1）shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作”。例如：I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式这种表示方法主要是说明 A）“说话人的意图、打算”；B）“某种可能性”。例如： A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。 Who is going to speak first? 谁先发言？B) It is going to rain soon .马上要下雨了。 Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集资料吗？ If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西兰，你会喜欢上那个地方的。3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述两钟情况：按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新桥三天后通车。 The factory is to go into production before National Day. 这家工厂国庆节前投产。 B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。 You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。4) 用一般现在时或现在进行时（限于某些动词）表示按计划安排要发生的事。主要强调“按计划安排要发生的事”。例如：Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下车吗？The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. 那架飞机上午十一点起飞。Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 里德先生下周动身去纽约。 八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。这个时态常用于：A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；C）表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。例如：A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。He didnt expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。 选择最佳答案填空（ ）1.Well go swimming if the weather fine tomorrow.A. is B. was C. will be D. is going to be （ ）2.It five years since he has left for Beijing.A. was B. have been C. is D. is going to be（ ）3.Please dont leave the office until your friend back.A. came B. comes C. have come D. will come（ ）4.By the end of last year he about 1500 English words. A. learns B. learned C. was learning D. had learned（ ）5.Listen ! Someone in the next room .A. cried B. crying C. is crying D. has cried （ ）6.You must tell him the news as soon as you him.A. see B. sees C. will see D. is seeing（ ）7.He told me that he to see us the next day. A. comes B. came C. will come D. would come（ ）8.We cant find him anywhere . Perhaps he home.A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come（ ）9.The teacher told us that the sun bigger than the earth.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be（ ）10.Could you tell me where the railway station ?A. was B. is C. will be D. would be（ ）11.We to the Great Wall several times. A. go B. were going C. have gone D. have been（ ）12.It seemed that the old man for something over there.A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked（ ）13.He was sure that he his wallet in the office .A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left（ ）14.You must study hard if you want to fail the exam.A. wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt（ ）15. Im afraid you cant sit here . Sorry , I know.A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt（ ）16. As she the newspaper , Granny asleep.A. read , was falling B. was reading fell C. was reading , was falling D. read , fell（ ）17. my glasses ? Yes , I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen（ ）18. Jim is not coming tonight . But he !A. promises（许诺） B. promised C. will promise D. had promised（ ）19. Whats her name? I .A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting（ ）20.You your turn so youll have to wait.A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had missed. 几种常見时态的相互转换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常見的轉换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的轉换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语連用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用別的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对應的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间連用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般现在时与现在进行时的轉换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态轉换。请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.三、现在进行时与一般将来时的轉换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语連用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的轉换“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday动词时态能力综合测试（ ）1.He often his clothes on Sundays.A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash（ ）2.Im Chinese. Where from? A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming（ ）3.May to school.A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking（ ）4.We will start as soon as our teacher .A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming（ ）5.How long ago playing football?A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop（ ）6.It hard when I left my house .A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain（ ）7.I think this question to answer.A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy（ ）8. Dont talk so loudly . Your father A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept（ ）9.How many people does the doctor know who of the disease？A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies（ ）10.I my homework now.A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished（ ）11.It ten years since his father died. A. is B. was C. had been D. will be （ ）12.He for three years.A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army（ ）13.His grandfather for thirty years. A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died（ ）14.I from my brother for a long time.A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear（ ）15.Maths , one of the most important subjects always interested him.A. has B. have C. are D. is （ ）16.Did your brother go to America last year? A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here C. No , he never was there （ ）17.He that factory since 1958.A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to（ ）18.Since ten years ago great changes in China.A. happened B. have been happened C. have happened D. are taken place（ ）19.Our teacher to Beijing three times.A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been（ ）20.Its the third time you late this week. A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive（ ）21. the film since I came here.A. Ive seen B. I will see C. I would see D. I see （ ）22.Last week John his leg.A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken（ ）23.Jack his thick coat because it was snowing. A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on（ ）24.He the picture on the wall.A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged（ ）25.Next month twenty five.A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be（ ）26.You her again in a few weeks. A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen（ ）27.My parents me to be a doctor.A. hoped B. wanted C. decided D. withes（ ）28.It hard when we left.A. is raining B. has rained C. rained D. was raining（ ）29. By the end of last term we English for two years.A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied （ ）30.She said that she there for five years .A. has worked B. had worked C. was working D. worked（ ）31.Mrs Brown in New York for three years before she went to London.A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live（ ）32.When we arrived , the dinner .A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begun（ ）33.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I my exams.A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished（ ）34.When , Ill talk to him.A. does Peter come B. Peter will come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come（ ）35.My sister to see me . Shell be here soon. （ ）36.They said they our answer the next day .A. had heard B. would hear of C. would hear D. will hear（ ）37.The old man said that light faster than sound.A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel（ ）38.Oh, dear Xiao Hong . I you in Nanjing.A. dont know , are B. didnt know , were C. didnt know , are D. dont know , have been（ ）39.Is John going away? I think so . He for a better job, but he didnt get it.A. had hoped B. was hoped C. hoping D. had hope（ ）40.I am sure hell come to see me before he Beijing.A. leave B. left C. will leave D. leaves（ ）41.Wel