计算机英语实用教程Unit 1.doc

张强华 司爱侠 宋德富 张美兰 编著 计算机英语实用教程电子教案Unit 1 Computer Basics【教学目的】 Learn about the English terms of the basic physical portion of the computer, including CPU, monitor, motherboard, memory, RAM, ROM, mouse, keyboard, disk, USB and I/O port Improve the students ability to understand the long and difficult sentences in the text. Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text. consolidate the technical terms and important professional phrases by doing exercises. 【教学重点难点】Important technical terms: printed circuit board (印刷电路板), system buses(系统总线), memory modules(内存模块), plug-in cards(即插即用卡), daughterboard(子板), peripheral device (外围设备), binary number system(二进制系统), rational number (有理数), random access memory(随机存取存储器), read-only memory(只读存储器), disk drive(磁盘驱动器), removable disk(可移动磁盘), serial port(串口类型), parallel port(并口) Abbreviation: CPU, RAM(FPM, EDO, SDRAM, DDR), ROM, USB, SCSI; Difficult sentences: 1. It is equipped with sockets to which all processors, memory modules, plug-in cards, daughterboards, or peripheral devices are connected.2. .by utilizing the binary number system it is possible to produce arbitrary rational numbers and through clever formatting all manner of representations of pictures, sounds, and animations.3. A data storage device for which the order of access to different locations does not affect the speed of access, except for bursts.4. Note though that there are different competing format used for floppies, so that a floppy written by one type of computer might not directly work on another, also sometimes called “diskette”. Review the important points of essential Englishresponsible forbe equipped withbe identical to be similar to in conjunction withNote though thatbe capable of doing sth.【教学步骤】Step OneRead and explain Text A to the students and ask the students to keep in mind the following professional terms:1) printed circuit board (印刷电路板)Buy Printed Circuit Board Assembly(PCB) 购买印刷电路板 Wearelookingforsupplierinprintedcircuitboardassembly. 我们正寻 求印刷电路板的供应商。2) system bus (系统总线) bus that connects the CPU to main memory on the motherboard. 把CPU与母板上主存连 接起来的总线 The system bus is also called the frontside bus, memory bus, local bus, or host bus. 系统总线也叫做前端总线（略作FSB）。3) memory module (内存模块，存储器模数) Memory Module Picture 2007 2007年的内存模块照片 This article is an update of all the latest memory module found in the latest Intel Pentium. 最新的Intel奔腾内存模块的更新文章4) plug-in cards (即插即用卡)cf. plug-ins（插件）：A software plug-in is an add-on for a program that adds functionality to it. 软件插件是一个给程序添加功能的附加软件。cf. Plug and play 即插即用Plug and Play, sometimes, abbreviated PnP, is a catchy phrase used to describe devices that work with a computer system as soon as they are connected. The user does not have to manually install drivers for the device or even tell the computer that a new device has been added. Instead the computer automatically recognizes the device, loads new drivers for the hardware if needed, and begins to work with the newly connected device.For example, if you connect a Plug-and-Play mouse to the USB port on your computer, it will begin to work within a few seconds of being plugged in. A non plug-and-play device would require you to go through several steps of installing drivers and setting up the device before it would work.While Plug and Play usually refers to computer peripheral devices, such as keyboards and mice, it can also be used to describe internal hardware. For example, a video card or hard drive may be a Plug and Play device, meaning the computer will recognize it as soon as it is installed. The only difference is that internal components usually require the computer to be turned off when they are installed, while external devices can typically be installed while the computer is running.5) daughterboard (子板)Small printed circuit board that plugs into a motherboard to give it new capabilities 接入母板的小的印刷电路板，以增添新的功能。6) peripheral device (外围设备)What are some examples of computer peripheral devices? Answer: A computer peripheral, or peripheral device, is an external object that provides input and output for the computer. Some common input devices include: keyboard, mouse, joystick, pen tablet, MIDI keyboard (musical instrument digital interface数码音响), scanner, digital camera, video camera, microphone. Some common output devices include: monitor, projector, TV screen, printer, plotter, speakers. There are also devices that function as both input and output devices, such as: external hard drives, media card readers, digital camcorders, digital mixers, MIDI equipment.While these are some of the more common peripherals, there are many other kinds as well. Just remember that any external device that provides input to the computer or receives output from the computer is considered a peripheral.7) binary number system (二进制系统)Binary is a two-digit (Base-2) numerical system, which computers use to store data and compute functions. The reason computers use the binary system is because digital switches inside the computer can only be set to either on or off, which are represented by a 1 or 0. Though the binary system consists of only ones and zeros, the two digits can be used to represent any number.For example:A single 0 in binary represents zero.A single 1 represents (20) or 1.10 represents (21) or 2.11 represents (21 + 20) or 3.100 represents (22) or 4.101 represents (22 + 20) or 5.110 represents (22 + 21) or 6.111 represents (22 + 21 + 20) or 7.1000 represents (23) or 8, and so on. 8) rational numbers (有理数)A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a fraction or ratio (rational). The numerator and the denominator of the fraction are both integers.When the fraction is divided out, it becomes a terminating or repeating decimal. (The repeating decimal portion may be one number or a billion numbers.) Cf. An irrational number（无理数） cannot be expressed as a fraction. Irrational numbers cannot be represented as terminating or repeating decimals. Irrational numbers are non-terminating, non-repeating decimals.9）RAM random access memory (随机存取存储器) RAM Stands for Random Access Memory, and is pronounced like the male sheep. RAM is made up of small memory chips that are connected to the motherboard of your computer. Every time you open a program, it gets loaded from the hard drive into the RAM. This is because reading data from the RAM is much faster than reading data from the hard drive. Running programs from the RAM of the computer allows them to function without any lag time. The more RAM your computer has, the more data can be loaded from the hard drive into the RAM, which can help speed up your computer. In fact, adding RAM can be more beneficial to your computers performance than upgrading the CPU.10. ROM Read-Only Memory (只读存储器)Stands for Read-Only Memory. Please do not confuse this term with RAM or a hard drive, as many people already do. ROM is memory containing hardwired instructions that the computer uses when it boots up, before the system software loads. In PCs, the instructions are read from a small program in the ROM, called the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).11. disk drive (磁盘驱动器)A machine that reads data from and writes data onto a disk. A disk drive rotates the disk very fast and has one or more heads that read and write data. There are different types of disk drives for different types of disks. For example, a hard disk drive (HDD) reads and writes hard disks, and a floppy drive (FDD) accesses floppy disks. A magnetic disk drive reads magnetic disks, and an optical drive reads optical disks. Disk drives can be either internal (housed within the computer) or external (housed in a separate box that connects to the computer). 12. removable disk (可移动磁盘)type of disk drive system in which hard disks are enclosed in plastic or metal cartridges so that they can be removed like floppy disks. Removable disk drives combine the best aspects of hard and floppy disks. They are nearly as capacious and fast as hard disks and have the portability of floppy disks. Their biggest drawback is that theyre relatively expensive.13. serial port (串口类型)A port, or interface, that can be used for serial communication, in which only 1 bit is transmitted at a time.A serial port is a general-purpose interface that can be used for almost any type of device, including modems, mice, and printers (although most printers are connected to a parallel port).14. parallel port (并口)A parallel interface for connecting an external device such as a printer. Most personal computers have both a parallel port and at least one serial port.Step Two Help the students to analyze the following long difficult sentences: 1) It is equipped with sockets to which all processors, memory modules, plug-in cards, daughterboards, or peripheral devices are connected. 本句中，to which all processors, memory modules, plug-in cards, daughterboards, or peripheral devices are connected.是一个由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词sockets，表示的意思是all processors, memory modules, plug-in cards, daughterboards, or peripheral devices are connected to the sockets. be equipped with的意思是“具有，装备有”；be connected to表示“与连接”。2) by utilizing the binary number system it is possible to produce arbitrary rational numbers and through clever formatting all manner of representations of pictures, sounds, and animations.本句中，by utilizing the binary number system和through clever formatting是介词短语做方式状语。it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to produce arbitrary rational numbers。在all manner of representations of pictures, sounds, and animations前省略了it is possible to produce。3) A data storage device for which the order of access to different locations does not affect the speed of access, except for bursts.可以不用定语从句来表达同样的意思：For a data storage device the order of access to different locations does not affect the speed of access, except for bursts.对于数据存储设备来说除非有爆发性访问，访问顺序对访问速度没有影响。4) Note though that there are different competing format used for floppies, so that a floppy written by one type of computer might not directly work on another, . 句中的though是副词，可以译成“但是”；note后面的that从句表达前因后果，后果用so that引导。 Step ThreeReview the important idioms of essential Englishl responsible for or to 1be responsible for sb/sth/doing sth to have control and authority over something or someone and the duty of taking care of it or them: 控制，管理；负责Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.2be responsible to sb/sth to be controlled by someone or something:被.控制/监督In Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers are responsible to the House of Representatives.l be equipped with equip (PROVIDE) vt. to provide a person or a place with objects that are necessary for a particular purpose: 配备Its going to cost $4 million to equip the hospital.All the police officers were equipped with shields to defend themselves against the rioters.l be identical to identical adj. exactly the same, or very similar: 完全相同；非常相似Ive got three identical blue suits.The two rooms were virtually identical.The interests of both parties may not be identical, but they do overlap considerably.The tests are identical to those carried out last year.l be similar to similar adj. looking or being almost, but not exactly, the same: 类似（不完全一样）My father and I have similar views on politics.I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before.Paul is very similar in appearance to his brother.l in conjunction withconjunction (COMBINATION) n. C or U (FORMAL conjuncture) when events or conditions combine or happen together: 合并；同时出现或发生An unfortunate conjunction of circumstances led to his downfall.There is a team of writers working in conjunction (with each other) on the book.l be capable of doing sth.capable of sth/doing sth having the ability, power or qualities to be able to do something: 有能力、力量或本领做某事Only the Democratic Party is capable of running the country.A force 10 wind is capable of blowing the roofs off houses.When shes drunk shes capable of saying (= likely to say) awful, rude things.I think your plan is capable of being (= could be) improved.The opposite is incapableStep Four Text B l The term “PC” is also commonly used to describe an “IBM-compatible” personal computer in contradistinction to an Apple Macintosh computer. contradistinction：distinction made by contrasting the different qualities of two things.通过对 照比较两样事情而发现的差别in contradistinction to .与.对照区别：l The “Mac”, known for its more intuitive user interface, is associated with graphic design and desktop publishing.苹果机以更为直观的用户界面而闻名，它主要功能是图片设计和桌面印刷。l The computer keyboard uses the same key arrangement as the mechanical and electronic typewriter keyboards that preceded the computer.precede vt. to be or go before something or someone in time or space:（时间或空间）在.前面Boutros-Ghali preceded Kofi Annan as the Secretary-General of the UN. It would be helpful if you were to precede the report with an introduction. The opposite is follow also vt.Pay attention to the difference between “precede” pri(:)5si:d and “proceed” prE5si:d proceed: vi. 1 SLIGHTLY FORMAL to continue as planned: （偏向正式用语）按计划继续His lawyers have decided not to proceed with the case.Preparations for the festival are now proceeding smoothly.2 proceed to do sth to do something after you have done something else: 先做一件事，接着做另一件事情She sat down and proceeded to tell me about her skiing holiday.HUMOROUS He told me he was on a diet and then proceeded to eat a plateful of chips!3 FORMAL to move forward or